The knower of God [1] is the one who sees the divine manifestation [2] in every atom of…

The knower of God [1] is the one who sees the divine manifestation [2] in every atom of existence, and whose heart is purified from all that is other than God [3].

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. And may Allah bless our master and lord Muhammad, his family, and his companions, and grant them abundant peace. An exposition of the protectors and praises concerning the blessings upon the Prophet, the Chosen One, my master Muhammad, and upon the noble company and peace. Mention of his pure and righteous character, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his honor, generosity, glory, and greatness. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, possessor of a sound heart, whom Allah praised in the firm and wise Remembrance ¹. It is narrated from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, that she said: "No one had a better character than the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Whenever anyone from his companions or his family called him, he would say, 'Here I am.' Therefore, Allah the Exalted revealed: 'And indeed, you are of a great moral character.'" [Quran 68:4] O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, possessor of great station and lofty rank, the great and exalted beloved of Allah, whose character Allah magnified because he had no aspiration other than Allah. It is said that this was because he interacted with creation through his character while being distinct from them in his heart, and it is said because all noble traits of character were combined in him. Therefore, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Indeed, Allah sent me to perfect good character and complete virtuous deeds." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who bore harm and forgave the sinful offender, and whose remembrance and blessings the believer constantly utters at every time and moment. He in whom all praiseworthy traits were gathered, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Therefore, Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said: "His character was the Quran." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who attained and encompassed virtue, and through whose light and radiance all worlds shone. He was naturally disposed to noble character in his pure and pristine original creation; this was not acquired through discipline but through divine generosity. Since the foundation of praiseworthy qualities and glorious gifts is perfection of intellect, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was in his perfection at the utmost limit that no other human has reached. ² O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, for whom You made piety an adornment and ornament, and who is with You in the lofty station and high rank. It is narrated from Wahb ibn Munabbih that he said: "I read in seventy-one books and found in all of them that Allah the Exalted did not give all people from the beginning of the world to its end of intellect in comparison to his intellect, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, except like a grain of sand among all the sands of the world, and that Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is the most weighty in intellect and the most excellent in opinion." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the desire of hearts and eyes, the path of guidance that leads to the abode of rest and delight with maidens and virgins. When he reached the ultimate perfection of intellect, his knowledge, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was immense, his characteristics were tremendous, and intellects were bewildered by some of the effusion that Allah bestowed upon him from His unseen and thoughts. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of those who stand firm in truth, the master of those who glorify Allah night and day without tiring. Since his intellect, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was the most expansive ³ of intellects, the traits of his noble soul expanded greatly. Therefore, when the polytheists wounded his noble face and broke his tooth on the day of Uhud, causing distress to his companions, they said: "If only you would invoke Allah against them." But he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "I was not sent as a curser, but I was sent as a caller and a mercy. O Allah, forgive my people, for they do not know." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your beloved distinguished by precedence and eternity, the most forbearing and pious of creation. Among his forgiveness and forbearance, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is what is narrated from Zayd ibn Sa'nah, who was one of the greatest rabbis of the Jews who later embraced Islam. He said: "There remained no sign of prophethood that I did not recognize in the face of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when I looked at him, except two: that his forbearance does not precede his ignorance, and that ignorance does not increase him except in forbearance. So I approached him gently to mix with him and know his forbearance and ignorance. I bought dates from him on credit and gave him the price. Then, two or three days before the due date, I came to him, grabbed the collar of his shirt and cloak around his neck, looked at him with a harsh face, and said: 'Will you not pay me my due, O Muhammad? By Allah, you sons of Abdul Muttalib are procrastinators!' Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: 'O enemy of Allah, do you say to the Messenger of Allah what I hear? By Allah, were it not for fear of missing him ⁴, I would strike your head with my sword!' The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, looked at Umar calmly and affectionately, smiled, and then said: 'He and I were more in need of something other than you, O Umar: that you command me to pay well and command him to ask well. Go with him, O Umar, pay him his due, and add twenty measures because you delayed him.' So he did. Zayd said: 'I said, O Umar, all the signs of prophethood I recognized in the face of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, except two, and these two have informed me. So bear witness that I am pleased with Allah as Lord, with Islam as religion, and with Muhammad as prophet, and that these dates and half of my wealth are for the poor Muslims.' And he embraced Islam, along with all his household except an old man who was overcome by wretchedness." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whom You made for his community a shield from the Fire and a covering, and through whom You removed from them compulsion, forgetfulness, and error. Among his forgiveness and forbearance, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is what is narrated from Anas who said: "I was with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he was wearing a Najrani cloak with a thick border. A Bedouin caught up with him and pulled his cloak so violently that I looked at the side of his shoulder, and the border of the cloak had left a mark on it. Then he said: 'O Muhammad, give me some of the wealth of Allah that you have.' The Prophet, peace be upon him, turned to him, laughed, and ordered that he be given something." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad.

And the best of all those whose rank Allah has raised and adorned with beautiful character, about whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was not obscene nor vulgar, nor a curser nor a reviler; he never cursed a Muslim, nor struck a servant or a slave-girl with his hand, nor did he ever take revenge for himself except when the sanctities of Allah were violated, then he would take revenge for Allah. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of all those whom Allah made the trustee of His secret, and the most excellent of all those whom Allah treated with His favor and honored with His kindness, about whom it is narrated from Aisha that a man sought permission to enter upon him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and when he saw him, he said, "What an evil brother of the tribe!" or "What an evil son of the tribe!" When the man sat down, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, beamed at him and was cordial with him. When the man left, Aisha said to him, "O Messenger of Allah, when you saw the man, you said such-and-such about him, then you beamed at him and were cordial with him." He, peace be upon him, said: "O Aisha, when did you find me to be foul-mouthed? Indeed, the worst of people in rank with Allah on the Day of Resurrection is the one whom people leave out of fear of his evil." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the Perfect Human ⁵, the master of every noble and excellent one, who was the most humble of people and the best in companionship. Aisha said: "He, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would tilt the vessel for the cat until it drank from it, then he would perform ablution with the leftover water." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, who is the comfort and hope of the believer, and whose noble face is the goal and request of the believer. Among his humility, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is that Allah gave him the choice between being a prophet-king or a prophet-servant, and he chose to be a prophet-servant out of humility to his Lord. So Allah, due to his humility, made him the first from whom the earth will split open, the first intercessor, and the first whose intercession will be accepted. After that, he never ate reclining until he departed this world, and he said: "Do not exaggerate in praising me as the Christians exaggerated in praising the son of Mary; I am only a servant, so say: the servant of Allah and His Messenger." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the bridegroom of joys and congratulations, and the one whose prophetic praises, when recited, perfume the gathering and the place. It is narrated from Anas ibn Malik that he said: "I never saw anyone more merciful to the servants than the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. I served him for ten years, and he never once said 'Uff' to me, nor did he say to anything I did, 'Why did you do that?' nor to anything I left, 'Why did you leave it?' He would say, 'Whatever Allah wills, He does; and if He had decreed, it would have been.'" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whose generosity and excellence no one can attain, and whose words and deeds are truthful. It is narrated from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, that when she was asked how the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was when he was alone in his house, she said: "He was the most gentle of people, smiling and laughing; he was never seen stretching his legs between his companions, and whenever anyone called him, he would say, 'Here I am.' He would sew his own garment, mend his bucket, delouse his shirt, and patch his sandals." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, through whom Allah removed from the community its transformation and swallowing ⁶, and removed from it every hardship and burden. Among his humility is that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, rode on the day of Banu Qurayza on a donkey bridled with a rope of palm fiber, and he also rode it bareback with nothing on it, and he seated someone behind him. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of all those whose mention Allah has raised in this world and the next, and the most excellent of those sent as a mercy and glad tidings. Among his humility is what is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, rode a bareback donkey to Quba, with Abu Hurayra with him. He said: "O Abu Hurayra, shall I carry you?" He said: "As you wish, O Messenger of Allah." He said: "Mount up." So Abu Hurayra jumped to mount but could not, so he held onto the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and they both fell. Then the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, mounted and said: "O Abu Hurayra, shall I carry you?" He said: "As you wish, O Messenger of Allah." He said: "Mount up." But Abu Hurayra could not do it, so he clung to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and they both fell. He said: "O Abu Hurayra, shall I carry you?" He said: "No, by Him who sent you with the truth as a bringer of good tidings and a warner, I will not see you again another time." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the Messenger of the manifest truth, the master of His beloved ones, and the overflowing sea of generosity for those who come to his court and his vast domains. Among his humility is what is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was on a journey and ordered his companions to prepare a sheep. One man said: "O Messenger of Allah, I will slaughter it." Another said: "I will skin it." Another said: "I will cook it." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "I will collect the firewood." They said: "O Messenger of Allah, we will suffice you the work." He said: "I know that you would suffice me, but I dislike to be distinguished among you, for Allah dislikes to see His servant distinguished among his companions." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the spirit of existence, the rising of its blessing and security, and the best of those who fought in the way of Allah with his sword and spear. Among his humility is what is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was approached by a woman who had some mental impairment, and she said to him: "I have a need of you." He said to her: "Sit in whichever street of Medina you wish, and I will sit with you until I fulfill your need." So he secluded himself with her on some road until she finished her need. Abdullah ibn Abi al-Hamsa said: "I made a transaction with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, before he was sent as a prophet, and some payment remained due to him. I promised to bring it to him, but I forgot, and I remembered after three days, and there he was, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the same place." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, who is unique in his knowledge and states, and the model for every one who has reached [God] and every seeker ⁷. Among his humility is what is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not disdain to walk with a widow or a poor person to fulfill their need. A young slave girl from among the slave girls of Medina would come and take his hand, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he would not withdraw his hand from hers until she took him wherever she wished. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the manifest and victorious, and the one who possesses all virtues. Among his humility is what is narrated from al-Hasan al-Sibt ⁸, may Allah be pleased with him: He entered while he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was praying and had prostrated...

He mounted upon his back, and he prolonged his prostration until al-Hasan dismounted. When he finished, some of his companions said to him: 'O Messenger of Allah, you have prolonged your prostration.' He said: 'Indeed, my son mounted me like a mount, and I disliked to hurry him.' And he, peace be upon him, used to visit the sick and attend funerals. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who remember Allah sitting and standing, and by whose vision the fire of the passionate lover's heart is extinguished. Among his humility, peace be upon him, it is narrated that he was good-natured with his wives, sleeping with them in one bed, and he would send the daughters of the Ansar to 'A'isha to play with her. When she drank from a vessel, he would take it and place his mouth on the spot of her mouth and drink. He would recline in her lap and kiss her, peace be upon him, while fasting. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whom never overtook in Your obedience any weariness or fatigue, and by the blessing of sending blessings upon him the believer attains health and wealth. Among his humility, peace be upon him, it is narrated that he raced 'A'isha and she beat him, then he raced her and beat her, and he said to her: 'This for that.' Anas ibn Malik said: 'One day we were with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, in the house of 'A'isha, may Allah be pleased with her. Then a dish was brought from the house of Umm Salama and placed before him, peace be upon him. He said: "Put your hands in." So the Prophet of Allah put his hand, and we put our hands, and we ate, while 'A'isha was preparing food hastily. She had seen the dish that was brought. When she finished her food, she brought it and placed it, and removed the dish of Umm Salama and broke it. The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: "Eat in the name of Allah; your mother is jealous." Then he gave her dish to Umm Salama and said: "Food for food, and vessel for vessel."' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the progeny of the noble and glorious, the imam of the people of valor, by whom Allah subdued the people of transgression and obstinacy, whose tongues and pens tire and stop from enumerating his noble character. Whoever contemplates his biography with his family, companions, and others among the poor, orphans, and widows knows that he, peace be upon him, attained the utmost degree of tenderness and softness of heart, beyond which there is no goal for any of the servants. Allah honored his rank and exalted him ❖ And granted him the great character and honored him Compassionate and merciful to the believers ❖ And thus in the Qur'an the Dominant made known. His joking, peace be upon him. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of the prophets truly and sincerely, and the best of creation in character and form. It is narrated that he, peace be upon him, would jest with his companions in a way that instilled love for him in their hearts, and he would joke but only speak the truth. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the one who bows and prostrates, and the sword of Allah against every disbeliever and corrupt person. It is narrated that he, peace be upon him, had a man from the desert named Zuhayr, who would gift him with what was available in the desert, such as rare items, and he would say: 'Zuhayr is our desert, and we are his city.' He, peace be upon him, loved him. One day he went to the market and found him sleeping. He came from behind him and embraced him to his chest. Zuhayr sensed that it was the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. He said: 'I began to rub my back against his chest, and the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, started saying: "Who will buy the slave?" He said: "O Messenger of Allah, you find me unsalable." He, peace be upon him, said to him: "But with Allah, you are not unsalable."' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whom the disease of disbelief and hypocrisy never turned away from calling to You, nor hindered him, and the best of those who performed Hajj and marked the sacrificial animals and drove them. It is narrated that a man said to him: 'O Messenger of Allah, carry me.' He jested with him by saying: 'I will carry you on the offspring of the she-camel.' He said: 'O Messenger of Allah, what can that do for me?' He, peace be upon him, said: 'And does the camel give birth except to a she-camel?' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of creation in companions, and the most of them in helpers and supporters, and one whose description bewilders minds and thoughts. It is narrated that an old woman came to him and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, pray to Allah to admit me to Paradise.' He said: 'O mother of so-and-so, indeed Paradise is not entered by an old woman.' The woman turned away weeping. The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said to them: 'Inform her that she will not enter it while she is old; indeed Allah Almighty says: "Indeed, We have created them a [new] creation and made them virgins."' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every virtuous and less virtuous, and one who gathered all branches and roots of good deeds. It is narrated that he, peace be upon him, would jest with his companions, mix with them, converse with them, entertain them, and play with their children, seating them in his lap, while his secret was, despite that, in the celestial realm where Allah willed, roaming. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the bringer of good tidings and the warner, whom Allah sent as a mercy to the old and young. It is narrated from Anas that he said: 'The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, was the best of people in character. I had a brother called Abu 'Umayr, and he had a small bird ⁹ with which he played. It died, so he came to the Prophet, peace be upon him, one day sad. He said: "What is the matter with him?" They said: "His small bird died." He, peace be upon him, said to him, as a kindness, comfort, and consolation: "O Abu 'Umayr, what happened to the little bird?"'

O Abu 'Umayr, what did the little bird do? ¹⁰ O Allah, send blessings and peace and grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the chosen one of the All-Forgiving King, the master of every forbearing and patient one, about whom it is narrated that he (peace and blessings be upon him) was given awe along with his playfulness, so much so that he said to a man who stood before him and was seized by severe trembling and awe: "Take it easy, for I am the son of a woman from Quraysh who used to eat dried meat, and I am neither a king nor a tyrant." O Allah, send blessings and peace and grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the intercessor of creatures on the day when anxiety intensifies, the most fragrant of servants in scent and sweat, about whom it is narrated that when Qaylah bint Makhramah saw him (peace and blessings be upon him) sitting in the mosque in a squatting position ¹¹, she trembled with fear. O Allah, send blessings and peace and grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of Mecca and Medina, the possessor of pure morals and delightful qualities, about whom it is narrated from 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As that he said: I accompanied the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and my eyes never filled with shyness and reverence for him. And Mahmud ibn al-Rabi' stood before him (peace and blessings be upon him) when he was five years old, and he (peace be upon him) spat a mouthful of water in his face as a joke with him, and from the blessing of that, when he grew up, nothing remained in his memory of him except that mouthful, by which he was counted among the Companions. O Allah, send blessings and peace and grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the adornment of the inner self, the possessor of great good and abundant blessing, about whom it is narrated that he (peace and blessings be upon him) was visited by his stepdaughter Zaynab bint Umm Salamah while he was in his bath, and he sprinkled water on her face, and from that blessing on her face, it never changed, and the bloom of youth remained apparent on it, even though she was an old woman. O Allah, send blessings and peace and grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the greatest of people in deeds and the most knowledgeable, the most compassionate and forbearing, about whom it is narrated that from his humility (peace and blessings be upon him) he never criticized any taste nor any food; if he desired it, he ate it, otherwise he left it. And he was never given a choice between two matters except that he chose the easier of them, as long as it was not sinful. O Allah, send blessings and peace and grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the Gatherer ¹², the Final Prophet ¹³, the Piercing Star ¹⁴, about whom it is narrated from Anas that he said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed by a woman who was weeping at a grave, and he heard from her what he disliked, so he said: "Fear Allah and be patient." She said: "Leave me alone, for you are free from my affliction." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) passed her by and went on. Then a man passed by her and said: "What did the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say to you?" She said: "I did not recognize him." He said: "He is indeed the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." So the woman came to his door and found no doorkeeper or gatekeeper, due to his shyness (peace and blessings be upon him). O Allah, send blessings and peace and grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the people of special status, secret, and gnosis ¹⁵; and from the blessing of sending blessings upon him, supplication is accepted and the supplicant is safe from rejection and abandonment. About whom it is narrated that he (peace and blessings be upon him) was more shy than a virgin in her seclusion, and he said: "Shyness is all good and only brings good, and it is from faith." O Allah, send blessings and peace and grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who bow and prostrate, the beloved of the One, the Eternal ¹⁶, about whom it is narrated that he (peace and blessings be upon him) was so shy that he would not fix his gaze on anyone's face, out of his fear (peace and blessings be upon him). O Allah, send blessings and peace and grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom creation accepted his command and prohibition, the most awe-inspiring of creatures and the most beautiful in appearance, about whom it is narrated from 'A'ishah that she said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did something that he permitted, but some people refrained from it. When that reached him (peace and blessings be upon him), he said: "What is the matter with people who refrain from something that I do? By Allah, I am the most knowledgeable of them about Allah and the most fearful of Him." O Allah, send blessings and peace and grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the rising star of good fortune, happiness, and delight, the best of those whom Allah protected and kept away from obscenity and foul speech, about whom it is narrated from 'A'ishah that she said: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded them to do deeds they were capable of, they said: "We are not like you, O Messenger of Allah; Allah has forgiven your past and future sins." So he became angry until anger was recognized on his face, then he said: "Indeed, the most pious of you and the most knowledgeable of you about Allah is I." O Allah, send blessings and peace and grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, who is the most beautiful and excellent of all creatures, the possessor of great status and honored rank, about whom it is narrated that he said: "If you knew what I know, you would laugh little and weep much." And he (peace and blessings be upon him) used to pray while his chest had a rumbling sound from weeping, like the rumbling of a cooking pot. His courage (peace and blessings be upon him): O Allah, send blessings and peace and grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the lofty in station and rank, the chief of the house of honor and pride, about whom it is narrated from Anas that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was the best of people, the most generous of people, and the bravest of people. One night the people of Medina were frightened, so some people went towards the sound, but the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) met them returning, having preceded them to the sound and investigated the news on a horse belonging to Abu Talhah that was unsaddled, with a sword around his neck, saying: "Do not be alarmed." And in another narration: "We saw nothing, and indeed he is a sea [of courage]." O Allah, send blessings and peace and grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the owner of the mule and the swift she-camel, the beloved of the Lord who answers prayers, about whom it is narrated from Ibn 'Umar that he said: ...

I have seen no one more courageous and valiant than the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. It is narrated that there was a man in Mecca of great strength who excelled in wrestling, and people would come to him from various regions to wrestle, and he would defeat them. One day, while he was in one of the valleys of Mecca, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, met him and said to him: 'O Rukana ¹⁷, will you not fear Allah and accept what I call you to?' Rukana said to him: 'O Muhammad, do you have any witness to prove your truthfulness?' He said: 'What do you think if I wrestle you, will you believe in Allah and His Messenger?' He said: 'Yes, O Muhammad.' He said to him: 'Prepare for wrestling.' He said: 'I am ready.' Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, approached him, took hold of him, and threw him down. Rukana was amazed at that, then asked him for a rematch and a return, and he did that to him a second and third time. Then Rukana stood amazed and said: 'Indeed, your affair is wondrous.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, who never occupied himself with amusement or play, and by the blessing of sending blessings upon him, the ruined heart is restored. It is narrated from al-Bara' ibn 'Azib ¹⁸ that a man asked him: 'Did you flee from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on the day of Hunayn ¹⁹?' He said: 'But the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not flee. Hawazin ²⁰ were archers, and when we charged at them, they scattered, so we fell upon the spoils, but then we were met with arrows, and the Bedouins fled. I saw the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on his white mule, with Sufyan ibn al-Harith ²¹ holding its reins, and he, peace be upon him, was saying: "I am the Prophet, no lie; I am the son of 'Abd al-Muttalib ²²."' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, who has no equal or likeness, and by the blessing of sending blessings upon him, the servant's aspiration is fulfilled. It is narrated from al-Bara' ibn 'Azib that he said: 'When the battle grew fierce, we would seek protection with the Messenger of Allah.' His Generosity, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who accepted the excuse of the wrongdoer and covered it, and the most excellent Prophet who never opposed the command of his Lord nor disobeyed Him. It is narrated from Anas ²³ that he said: 'The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was the best of people, the most courageous of people, and the most generous of people. He was never asked for anything but he gave it.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the rider of the she-camel, whose attributes Allah beautified and whose character He magnified. It is narrated that Safwan ibn Umayya ²⁴ came to him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he gave him sheep filling the space between two mountains, so he returned to his people and said: 'Embrace Islam, for Muhammad gives the gift of one who does not fear poverty or need.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the most radiant of creation in love, the most beautiful in splendor, and the best Prophet whose path and way the believer follows. It is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: 'I am the most generous of the children of Adam.' And 'Ali ²⁵, when describing him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'He was the most generous of people in hand and the most truthful of people in speech.' ❖ The hadith of generosity and cheerfulness from his hand is narrated ❖ And his face is between a spring and a flowing stream ❖ From Ahmad's face a full moon, from his hand a sea, and from his mouth pearls strung ❖ A sea, a prophet whose fingers vie with the wind, and the raincloud from every heavy downpour ❖ If ships sailed in what flowed from his hand, they would not find a greater sea than his, if they sailed ❖ His palm encompasses the encompassing sea, so leave every surging, crashing wave ❖ If his palm did not encompass the sea, it would not encompass all people nor quench the heart of every thirsty one O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the sweetest of creation in speech and character, whose rank Allah exalted among the angels and raised high. It is narrated that ninety thousand dirhams were brought to him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and placed on a mat. Then he stood up to distribute them, and he did not turn away any beggar empty-handed until he finished. Then a man came asking him, and he said to him: 'I have nothing, but buy on credit for me, and when something comes to us, we will pay it.' 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said to him: 'Allah has not burdened you with what you cannot afford.' The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, disliked 'Umar's statement. Then a man from the Ansar ²⁶ said: 'O Messenger of Allah, spend and do not fear from the Owner of the Throne any reduction.' So he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, smiled, and cheerfulness was seen on his face, and he said: 'I have been commanded to do this.' And he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was never asked for anything and said 'no.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of creation, the leader of expeditions and military detachments. It is narrated that on the day of Hunayn, a woman came to him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and recited poetry to him reminding him of the days of his nursing among Hawazin. So he returned to them what he had taken and gave them a great gift, until what he gave them that day was valued at five hundred thousand thousand ²⁷ of the captives. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who strove in Your path, the gatherer of multitudes, and the most generous beloved in whose love hearts and ribs are enclosed. It is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would prefer others over himself and his children, giving a gift that kings are incapable of, while living himself the life of the poor. A month or two would pass without a fire being lit in his house, and sometimes he would tie a stone on his noble stomach. A captive came to him, and Fatima ²⁸ complained to him of what she suffered from housework and asked him for a servant to suffice her household chores. He, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered her to seek help with glorification ²⁹, magnification ³⁰, and praise ³¹, and said: 'Shall I give you and leave the people of the Suffa ³² with their stomachs shriveled from hunger?'

O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad ³³ and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whom Allah made the intermediary of His grace and the distributor of His gifts, and the best prophet who called to Him with wisdom and exhortations. His generosity, peace and blessings be upon him, encompassed all types of generosity: the giving of knowledge, wealth, and self—all for Allah and seeking His pleasure. Who can praise Ahmad ³⁴ after Allah Himself praised and magnified his high station? No eloquent speaker can fashion praise, even if arranged like garden flowers. How can one attain describing him who came to perfect noble character? Allah honored his rank and exalted him, and bestowed upon him the great character and honored him. He is compassionate and merciful to the believers, and thus the All-Dominating ³⁵ made known in the Remembrance ³⁶. He forgives and pardons, does not punish the wrongdoer—far be it from him to be angry; rather, he yearns and shows mercy. The ignorance of the ignorant only increases his forbearance, and he encompassed all people with favor and generosity. He is unique in his era in munificence and generosity; he is the knight of battle when the arrow hesitates. His modesty surpassed that of virgins, humble before Allah—how sweet and clement is the Beloved! The beauties of his face were complete, as if he were a full moon rising over the people of beauty. May Allah bless him as long as the east wind blows, and his noble family and Companions, and grant them peace. His life, peace and blessings be upon him, his clothing, and his marriages. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who stood in obedience to You and strove to support Your religion, and sat, and the treasure of Your light from whom every believer derived and borrowed. It is narrated from him, peace and blessings be upon him, that he said: "The son of Adam fills no vessel worse than his stomach. It is sufficient for the son of Adam to eat a few morsels to keep his back straight. But if he must, then one-third for his food, one-third for his drink, and one-third for his breath." ³⁷ O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of Mecca and Yathrib ³⁸, and the best of those who explain the intent of Allah and express it. It is narrated that he said: "Indeed, the people of satiety in this world are the people of hunger tomorrow in the Hereafter." And Aisha ³⁹, may Allah be pleased with her, said: "The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, never filled his stomach for seven consecutive days, and he was among his family not asking them for food nor desiring it; if they fed him, he ate, and if they gave him drink, he drank." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, supported by signs and verses, and possessor of lofty stations and high ranks. It is narrated from Abu Huraira ⁴⁰ that he said: "The family of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, never ate their fill of food for three consecutive days until he was taken." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who rode the camel, and through love of him and blessings upon him is protection from the punishment of the Sa'ir ⁴¹. It is narrated from Ibn Abbas ⁴² that he said: "The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, would spend consecutive nights hungry, his family finding no dinner, and their dinner was only barley bread." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of the Hawd ⁴³ and intercession, and the one who urged adherence to the Sunna ⁴⁴ and the community. It is narrated from Aisha that she said: "The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, left this world without ever filling his stomach with two types of food in one day. When he was full of dates, he would not be full of barley, and when he was full of barley, he would not be full of dates." And Al-Hasan al-Basri ⁴⁵ said: "The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, gave a sermon and said: 'By Allah, I do not forget in the guidance of Muhammad a sa' ⁴⁶ of food, and indeed it was nine houses—by Allah, he did not say this to seek provision from Allah, but he wanted his community to follow his example,' meaning in contentment and satisfaction." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, from whom the cloud of generosity rained upon existence and poured, and the best of those whose hadith ⁴⁷ the narrator related and transmitted. It is narrated from al-Nu'man ibn Bashir ⁴⁸ that he said: "Are you not in food and drink as you wish? I saw your Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, spending the day twisting in pain, not finding enough to fill his stomach with inferior dates." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the great, and the imam of the generous and noble. It is narrated from Aisha that she used to say to Urwa ⁴⁹: "By Allah, O son of my sister, we would look at the crescent moon, then the crescent, three crescents in two months, and no fire was lit in the houses of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him." He said: "I said, 'O aunt, what sustained you?' She said: 'The two black things: dates and water. However, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, had neighbors among the Ansar ⁵⁰ who had milch animals; they would send some of their milk to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and we would drink it.'" In another narration from her: "We, the family of Muhammad, would stay a month without lighting a fire; it was only dates and water." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, noble in origin and character, and by seeing his noble face ailments are cured and the burning pangs of longing subside. It is narrated from Utba ibn Ghazwan ⁵¹ that he said: "I saw myself as the seventh of seven with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him; we had no food but the leaves of the samur tree ⁵² until our mouths became sore." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, who completely abandoned frivolity and left it, and through whom Allah raised the beacon of religion and exalted it. It is narrated that he, peace and blessings be upon him, never ate his fill of bread and oil twice in one day, nor did he see a thin loaf or a fat sheep with his own eyes until he met Allah. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the ultimate goal of the believer, his desire and aspiration, the lamp of the heart of the gnostic ⁵³, its light and radiance. It is narrated from Abu Hazim ⁵⁴ that he said: "I asked Sahl ibn Sa'd ⁵⁵: 'Did the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, eat refined flour?' He said: 'The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, never saw refined flour from the time Allah sent him until He took him.' I said: 'Did you have sieves in the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him?' He said: 'The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, never saw a sieve from the time Allah sent him until He took him.' I said: 'How did you eat barley?' He said: 'We would grind it and blow on it, then eat it.'"

And he ⁵⁶ said: "The Prophet ⁵⁷ never saw a sieve from the time Allah sent him until He took him." I said: "How did you eat barley unsifted?" He said: "We would grind it and blow it, and what flew away flew away, and what remained we moistened and ate." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad ⁵⁸ and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the praised one, the one distinguished by utmost generosity and infinite munificence, about whom it is narrated that he ⁵⁷ died while his armor was pawned for thirty measures of barley with a Jewish man. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of proof and sign, the crown of the heads of the great elite, the people of leadership, about whom it is narrated that he ⁵⁷ was afflicted with hunger one day, so he took a stone and placed it on his noble stomach, then said: "Indeed, many a soul that is obedient and comfortable in this world will be hungry and naked on the Day of Resurrection." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the light of the two sanctuaries ⁵⁹, and the one whose noble face outshone the two moons ⁶⁰, about whom it is narrated from Abu Talha al-Ansari ⁶¹ that he said: "We complained to the Messenger of Allah ⁵⁷ of hunger and lifted from our stomachs stone by stone, so the Messenger of Allah ⁵⁷ lifted two stones." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of the people of virtue and perfection, and the one whom Allah distinguished with utmost veneration and exaltation, about whom it is narrated that he ⁵⁷ said: "I have been frightened in Allah's cause while no one else was frightened, and I have been harmed in Allah's cause while no one else was harmed, and there have come upon me thirty days and nights when I and Bilal ⁶² had no food that a liver could eat except something that Bilal's armpit concealed." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the greatest of creation in gratitude and praise, the most generous in giving and the most abundant in provision, about whom it is narrated from Ibn Abbas ⁶³ that he said: "One day, the Messenger of Allah ⁵⁷ was with Gabriel ⁶⁴ on al-Safa ⁶⁵, and the Messenger of Allah ⁵⁷ said: 'O Gabriel, by Him who sent you with the truth, the family of Muhammad has not had a handful of flour or a bundle of sawiq ⁶⁶ in the evening.' His speech was not faster than hearing a crash from the sky that frightened him, so he ⁵⁷ said to Gabriel: 'Is it the command of Allah for the Hour to come?' He said: 'No, but He commanded Israfil ⁶⁷ to descend to you when he heard your words.' So Israfil came to him and said: 'Indeed, Allah heard your words and sent me to you with the keys of the treasures of the earth, and commanded me to offer you that the mountains of Tihama ⁶⁸ walk with you as emerald, ruby, gold, and silver. If you are pleased, I will do so. If you wish, you may be a prophet-king, or if you wish, a prophet-servant.' Then Gabriel gestured to me to be humble, so he ⁵⁷ said: 'Rather, a prophet-servant.' And the lofty mountains of gold tempted him ⁶⁹ * From himself, but he showed them the utmost disdain And his need confirmed his asceticism in them * Indeed, need does not violate the protected ones And how can need call to this world from one * Without whom the world would not have emerged from non-existence O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, who shattered the idols of disbelief and broke them, and the most noble generous one whom Allah molded with good character and stamped, about whom it is narrated from some of the great scholars that he ⁵⁷ was never poor in wealth, nor was his state that of a poor person; rather, he was the richest of people, for Allah sufficed him in the matter of his worldly life for himself and his family. And from his ⁵⁷ veneration is that he is not described with what people consider as attributes of deficiency and lowliness. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the owner of the mule and the camel, and the best one who stood for truth without ever being overtaken by weakness or laziness in his standing, who used to eat what was customary for the people of his town to eat: meat, fruit, bread, dates, and others. And he ⁵⁷ loved meat, sweets, and honey. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who supplicated and implored, and by the blessing of prayers upon him, the goal is attained and the deed is perfected, about whom it is narrated that the most beloved food to him ⁵⁷ was meat, and he said: "It increases hearing, and it is the master of food in this world and the Hereafter. If I had asked my Lord to feed it to me every day, He would have done so." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of abundant virtue, and the best generous one who gives more than what is asked and increases, who liked from the sheep the meat of the neck, back, and forearm. And he ⁵⁷ used to eat grilled meat, liver, and jerky. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of creation, non-Arab and Arab, and the most beloved friend for whom the believer sincerely shows affection and love, about whom it is narrated that he ⁵⁷ ate chicken meat, wild donkey meat, camel meat while traveling and at home, hare meat, and ate from sea creatures. And the most beloved food to him ⁵⁷ was tharid ⁷⁰ made from bread, and tharid made from hais ⁷¹, and he liked pumpkin. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who bestowed kindness and goodness upon the asker, and by the blessing of prayers upon him, Allah heals the believer's illness and harm, about whom it is narrated that he ⁵⁷ used to eat watermelon with fresh dates and said: "The coolness of this breaks the heat of this, and the heat of this breaks the coolness of this." And my master Abdullah ibn Ja'far ⁷² said: "I saw in the hand of the Prophet ⁵⁷ a cucumber and in his left hand fresh dates, and he ate from this once and from that once." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the desert dwellers and the settled, and the imam of the people of beauty and radiance, the surpassing light of the light of the sun and the moon, about whom it is narrated from Abu Huraira ⁷³ that he said: "When people saw the first fruits of the season..."

to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. When he, peace be upon him, took it, he said: 'O Allah, bless us in our fruits, bless us in our city, bless us in our sa' ⁷⁴ and in our mudd ⁷⁵. O Allah, indeed Ibrahim is Your servant, Your intimate friend, and Your prophet, and I am Your servant and to You, and I call upon You for Medina with the like of what he called upon You for Mecca, and the like of it with him.' Then he would call the youngest child he saw and give him those dates. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, great in station, clear in proofs and evidences, from whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to eat with three fingers and would lick them after eating three times, and said: 'Whoever eats food in a vessel and then licks it, the bowl seeks forgiveness for him, saying: O Allah, save him from the Fire as You saved me from the licking of Satan.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, elevated in rank and station, deserving of glorification and respect, from whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'Whoever eats what falls from the bread or the bowl, poverty is turned away from his child, and he is safe from poverty, leprosy, and elephantiasis.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who demolished the foundation of disbelief and tore it apart, the most excellent of those who stood in remembrance of Allah and contemplation of Him in stillness and motion, who said: 'When a morsel falls from any of you, let him take it, remove any harm from it, and not leave it for Satan, and let him not wipe his hand with a handkerchief until he licks his fingers, for he does not know in which part of his food the blessing lies.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who rolled up their sleeves in earnest, the most excellent of those who exerted utmost effort in seeking the pleasure of his Lord, from whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'I do not eat reclining; rather, I sit as a servant sits and eat as a servant eats.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the subduer of every rebellious devil, the imam of every shaykh ⁷⁶ and murid ⁷⁷, from whom it is narrated from Abdullah ibn Bishr that a sheep was gifted to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he knelt on his knees to eat. A Bedouin said to him: 'What is this sitting?' He, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'Indeed, Allah has made me a generous one and did not make me an arrogant tyrant.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, possessor of radiant lights, the best of beloved ones upon whom the splendid robes of Your pleasure were bestowed, from whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to mention Allah at the beginning of food and praise Him at its end. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the honored and supported, possessor of beautiful virtues and pure abundant character, from whom it is narrated that when food was brought to him, he would say 'In the name of Allah,' and when he finished, he would say: 'O Allah, You have fed, given drink, enriched, granted possessions, guided, and chosen; to You be praise for what You have given, not denied.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best prophet who exerted his effort in Your obedience, the most excellent of those who feared, so he never struck his female servant nor his male servant, who said to a boy whose hand wandered in the dish: 'Mention Allah, eat from what is in front of you, with your right hand,' and said: 'The blessing of food is the ablution before it and the ablution after it.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of imams, the eminent perfect ones, and by the blessing of invoking blessings upon him, Allah accepts the deeds of the believer, from whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, disliked cauterization and hot food, and said: 'You should take talbinah ⁷⁸, for it is blessed, and hot food does not stop bleeding.' His drinking, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every near and far, the dearest beloved, whom we would ransom with our souls, families, and possessions, from whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had a wooden cup from which he drank, bound with silver, and it is said with iron. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the noble master, the one through whom Allah gathered the scattered Arabs, from whom it is narrated from Aisha that she said: 'Sweet water was brought for him from the houses of Suqya ⁷⁹, and the most beloved drink to him was cold water.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, to whom Allah gave beyond what was desired and increased him, the best prophet whom his Lord loved and chose and intended for His presence, from whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'When any of you eats food, let him say: O Allah, bless us in it and feed us with something better than it. And when he drinks milk, let him say: O Allah, bless us in it and increase us from it, for nothing suffices for food and drink except milk.' And he said: 'Three things are not refused: milk, basil, and a cushion.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the people of the East and the West, of Syria and the Hijaz, and the one who encompassed all qualities of virtue and honor, who used to drink sitting—this was his habit—and forbade drinking while standing, but he did it, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to indicate permissibility.

O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the most forbearing and patient of creation, the highest in rank and status, of whom it is reported that he (peace and blessings be upon him) used to breathe three times while drinking and said: "It is more thirst-quenching, more wholesome, and more healing." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, ⁸⁰ a mercy for lands and servants, whose clouds of generosity poured down and enriched the settled and the nomadic, who forbade breathing inside the vessel and said: "When one of you drinks, let him sip slowly and not gulp, for it causes liver disease." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of creation in youth and old age, at whose Night Journey ⁸¹ the heavens, angels, Throne, and Footstool rejoiced, and all said: "Welcome!" of whom it is reported that he (peace and blessings be upon him) used to repeatedly offer food to his guests and present it to them many times, and when he ate with people, he (peace and blessings be upon him) was the last of them to eat. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, possessor of a humble and submissive soul, through whose blessing Allah saved the community, so it is by Allah's power safe and not perishing, who, when he ate with a people, would not leave until he prayed for them. He prayed in the house of 'Abdullah ibn Busr, saying: "O Allah, bless them in what You have provided them, forgive them, and have mercy on them." And in the house of Sa'd ibn 'Ubada, he said: "May the fasting break their fast with you, the righteous eat your food, and the angels pray for you." His (peace and blessings be upon him) clothing: O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, ⁸² the witness and bringer of good news, through whose blessing of sending blessings difficulties become easy, of whom it is reported that he (peace and blessings be upon him) "limited his clothing to what necessity required and was ascetic in other matters; he wore whatever he found. In most of his states, he wore the cloak, the fine garment, the tunic, and the waist-wrapper, and he distributed among those present the cloaks of wind ⁸³ embroidered with gold, and said: 'Indeed, the honor of a believer before Allah is the cleanliness of his garment and his contentment with what is easy.'" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the noblest of the noble, the best of those who upheld justice and equity, whose shirt (peace and blessings be upon him) reached the wrist, and the hem of his shirt and cloak reached the middle of his shins. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whose noble face outshone the light of the full moon, the shining, and the brilliant, the best of the merciful, eager for the guidance of the community, of whom it is reported from Umm Salama that she said: "The most beloved garment to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to wear was the shirt." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, who is the seal of the prophets, whose noble hand's generosity surpassed that of Ka'b and Hatim, ⁸⁴ of whom it is reported from Qurra ibn Iyas: "I came to him (peace and blessings be upon him) with a group from Muzayna to pledge allegiance, and his shirt was unbuttoned, so I inserted my hand into the pocket of his shirt and touched the seal." ⁸⁵ O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, sound in reports, from whom scholars and righteous people receive knowledge, of whom it is reported from Ibn 'Umar: "I saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and my waist-wrapper was dragging, so he said: 'O Ibn 'Umar, every part of the garment that touches the ground is in the Fire.'" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, clear in miracle and great in honor, whom You singled out with utmost veneration, might, and majesty, of whom it is reported that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The dragging [of garments] applies to the waist-wrapper, shirt, and turban. Whoever drags anything out of pride, Allah will not look at him on the Day of Resurrection." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who spent all times in remembrance and obedience, standing and sitting, the most excellent of those who turned with might and contentment and wore the finest garments, of whom it is reported that he (peace and blessings be upon him) when he wore a turban, he let it hang down and loosened its end between his shoulders from the left side. He had a turban called "al-Sahab" ⁸⁶ and he wore caps under it. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the most balanced of creation in intellect, the highest in aspiration, the most complete of prophets in law, and the best of them in community, of whom it is reported from 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him): "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) placed a turban on me, letting its end hang over my shoulder, and said: 'Indeed, Allah aided me on the day of Badr and Hunayn with angels wearing turbans like this.'" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whose scent is more fragrant than any musk, ambergris, and saffron, and whose love and sending blessings upon him is a polish for the hearts of believers from every rust and stain, of whom it is reported from Anas: "The shirt of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was of cotton, short in length and sleeves, and the most beloved garment to him to wear was the hibara. ⁸⁷ Abu Rimtha saw him wearing two green garments." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the mine of piety and asceticism, whose saliva is sweeter than honey and pure honey, of whom it is reported from al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba that he (peace and blessings be upon him) wore a Roman cloak with tight sleeves, and Umm Salama said: "The most beloved garment to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was the shirt."

Aisha ⁸⁸ reported: The Prophet ⁸⁹ went out one morning wearing a mirṭ ⁹⁰, i.e., a cloak of black wool. He used to wear wool, and he had a felted cloak which he wore, saying: 'I am only a servant; I wear as a servant wears.' (41) O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who unsheathed their swords in the path of Allah, the most excellent pious one whose justice and fairness none can attain. It is related from Malik ibn Nadla ⁹¹ that he said: I saw the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, while I was wearing tattered garments. He said: 'Do you have any wealth?' I said: 'Yes.' He said: 'What kind of wealth?' I said: 'From all that Allah has given: camels and sheep.' He said: 'When Allah gives you wealth, let the effect of Allah's blessing and generosity be seen upon you.' And he, peace be upon him, said: 'Allah is beautiful and loves beauty; He is clean and loves cleanliness.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of lovers and beloved ones, and the path to every good and door. It is related from him, peace and blessings be upon him, that he said: 'Wear white garments; let your living wear them and shroud your dead in them, for they are among the best of garments.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam ⁹² of every scholar and sage, whom You adorned with humility and protected from all vanity and pride. It is related from 'Urwa ibn al-Zubayr ⁹³ that he said: The garment of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, which he would wear when going out to delegations, was a green cloak, four cubits long and two cubits and a span wide. (42) O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whose foot was firmly established in knowledge and rooted, and whose law Allah perfected, and by whom all previous laws were abrogated. Since nothing but fragrance emanated from him, a sign of that was that his noble body never caused his garment to become soiled or dirty. Mention of his seal ring ⁹⁴, peace and blessings be upon him. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of the precious secret, and whose remembrance and blessings are the best companion for the believer. It is related from Ibn 'Umar ⁹⁵ that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, took a seal ring of silver. It was on his hand, then on Abu Bakr's hand, then on 'Umar's hand, then on 'Uthman's hand until it fell from him into the well of Aris ⁹⁶. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every one who is God-fearing and chaste, and the best of those who enjoin good and forbid evil. It is related from Anas ⁹⁷ that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, wore a silver ring with an Abyssinian stone ⁹⁸, and he would turn the stone toward his palm. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, (43) the best of those whom the believer visits, leaving family and homelands, and going forth. And from blessings upon him, the path to good is made clear. It is related from al-Bara' ⁹⁹ that he said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade silver vessels and gold rings. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your beloved who commanded tranquility and moderation, and the most generous noble one whom the sinner seeks and at whose door burdens are laid down. It is related that he, peace and blessings be upon him, saw a man wearing an iron ring and said: 'What is this? I see on you the adornment of the inhabitants of the Fire.' Then he said to him: 'Take a ring of silver, and do not increase it beyond a mithqal ¹⁰⁰.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom Allah chose and selected, and upon whom He bestowed the robes of His greatest pleasure, and clothed with the garment of dignity and awe. It is related that he, peace and blessings be upon him, made a seal ring of silver and engraved on it: 'Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom the lover mentions day and night, and the most excellent of all who are good to their relatives and neighbors. It is related from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, wore his ring on his left hand. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, (44) the best of those who were generous and open-handed, and the most excellent of those who received guests with a smiling face and made room for them. It is related that the Negus ¹⁰¹ gifted him, peace and blessings be upon him, two plain black socks, and he wore them, then performed ablution and wiped over them. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of creation in lineage and origin, and raise them in rank and the highest. It is related that Dihya ¹⁰² gifted him, peace and blessings be upon him, two socks, and he wore them until they wore out, not knowing whether they were ritually pure or not. His noble sandals, peace and blessings be upon him. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the adornment of adornments, the spirit of the heart's life, and the delight of the eye. It is related from Anas that he said: The sandals of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, had two straps ¹⁰³, which are the two thongs that go between the toes. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, (45) the best of those who were generous to the seeker and magnanimous, and the most excellent prophet who will be perfected on the Day of Resurrection by interceding for sinners and will take precedence. It is related from 'Isa ibn Tahman ¹⁰⁴ that he said: Anas ibn Malik brought out to us two sandals that were jarda'ayn ¹⁰⁵, i.e., without hair, having two straps. Later, Thabit ¹⁰⁶ told me on the authority of Anas that they were the sandals of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of every knower and aspirant, and the sultan of the kingdom of exalted mention and station. It is related from 'Ubayd ibn Jurayj ¹⁰⁷ that he said to Ibn 'Umar: I see you wearing sibtiyya sandals ¹⁰⁸. He said: I saw the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, wearing sandals that had hair on them, and he would perform ablution and wipe over them.

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wore sandals that had no hair and performed ablution while wearing them. So I love to wear them, following his example, peace be upon him. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad, and to the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every living being and every mortal, whose virtues exceed the sands of ‘Ālij ¹⁰⁹. It is narrated from ‘Amr ibn Ḥurayth: I saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, praying in patched sandals. Ibn Abī Ziyād said: I saw his sandal, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, green, with a tongue ¹¹⁰, having no protruding heel. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad, and to the family of our master Muhammad, the beloved of the Eternal Living, and the tranquilizer of the burning passion of the yearning, distracted lover. It is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, loved to begin with the right whenever possible, in combing his hair, putting on sandals, and purification. He said: “When one of you puts on sandals, let him begin with the right; when he takes them off, let him begin with the left, so that the right is the first to be put on and the last to be taken off.” And he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, forbade a man to put on sandals while standing. Section on the representation of his noble sandal, may the best of prayers and peace be upon him, and its great benefits and immense blessings. If you seek from the vicissitudes of this time a swift deliverance and elevation of status, then store up a representation of the sandal of the Best of Creation—no doubt about it—all security. Then rub your cheek upon it in the morning and at evening without slackening, openly sending blessings upon the Messenger to creation with guidance and security. He whose soles rose above the heaven and came and arrived at the presence of the All-Merciful. Aḥmad clothed his sandals with glory; by them they are like crowns for heads. And love his sandal’s representation in beauty, for it is like the sun, needing no explanation. Our heart today is fortified by its representation against calamities, with lofty pillars. In it is a proven door for ascension; so realize the wondrous meanings of this. Through it, both rich and poor, near and far, attain union. And the attainment of the hoped-for from it is equal for the lowliest of servants and the sultan. A mercy encompassing all servants, so that the trace of kindness remains manifest to the eye. O Messenger of God, your servant Fatḥ ¹¹¹ has opened a door adorned with disobedience, trusting in your intercession, hoping for success through pardon and forgiveness from Him. So drag the train of your pleasure over him, for he is in both stations the foundation of security. May Allah increase you in prayer and peace, continuously without interruption, and upon the Family, the Companions, and the Followers in excellence. And among what has been said in praise of the sandals of the Beloved, which increases love for them and desire: The sandals of the Chosen Guide have a representation, and without its representation, the example is precious. It has a blessing that turns hardship into ease quickly, and by it stumbling is forgiven. For chronic diseases, it has a swift cure, about which nothing can be said. So stand before it with respect, for it is a door to every wish, connected to it. And rub your cheek upon it and kiss it, for by that you attain high stations. And this is the representation of the noble sandals—upon the wearer be the best of prayers and purest peace—transmitted from the book Fatḥ al-Muta‘āl ¹¹² by Shaykh al-Maqrī ¹¹³, may Allah Most High have mercy on him, be pleased with him, and benefit us through him. Amen. O reciter at the drawing of a deserted encampment, and supplicant to the worn-out ruins, leave off lamenting traces and mentioning the exploits of beloved ones who have passed and a bygone era. And seek the dust of the noble trace, for how excellent it is if you attain the kissing of this representation! I have preferred it with my heart, and we have a trace of it that has occupied my imagination with love of the mole-like beauty. Before you, the sandal of a sole—the crescent moon has taken the place of its strap. Press to it a heart that passion turns over, and that has revealed the attributes and fears. Touch it with a cheek and rub a temple in its dust, in ecstasy and as an obligation of love. It is the way of a free man whose passion dwells in the heart, in love never inclining to recovery. O likeness of the sandal of the Chosen One, my soul be your ransom for your most sublime, noble, and lofty station. Eyes have shed tears for your pasture, though the vantage point of eyes has receded without neglect. And they remembered the covenant of ‘Aqīq ¹¹⁴, so they poured forth in longing a stream of blood-like tears. And they inclined, joining the forehead to that which has never ceased to be in my mind in turmoil. You reminded me of a foot that has the foot of highness, generosity, kindness, and virtues. You reminded me of one whose remembrance never ceases from me in the mornings and evenings. To it belong the glories and exploits in this world and religion, in words and deeds. If my eyelids were an earth for the tread of his sandals, they would be exalted in honor, and reverence would appear. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad, and to the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the saints and the righteous, and the imam of the knowers who are successful. Among the virtues of his noble sandals and their great and lofty blessings is what is narrated from Abū Ja‘far ibn ‘Abd Allāh, who was a righteous, pious elder. He said: A noble fever occurred to one of the students. He came to me one day and said: Last night I saw, from the blessing of this sandal, something amazing. My wife was struck by a severe pain that almost killed her. I placed the sandal on the spot of pain and said, “O Allah, cure her by the blessing of this sandal,” and Allah Most High cured her instantly. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad, and to the family of our master Muhammad, the pious and ascetic, the imam of every bowing and prostrating one. Among the virtues of his noble sandals and their many and lofty blessings is that whoever holds it, seeking blessing thereby, it is a security for him from the aggression of aggressors and the core of...

enmity and protection from every rebellious devil and from the eye of every envier. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, upon everyone who bestowed goodness and granted it, and upon the imam of every righteous servant who gave shelter to him, from whose noble sandals' virtues and abundant exalted blessings it is that if a pregnant woman holds them in her right hand when labor pains become severe upon her, her matter is eased by the power of Allah. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of the dazzling secret and the precise knowledge, the best of all who clarified the landmarks of religion and made clear the path ⁵², from whose noble sandals' virtues and abundant exalted blessings it is that it has been narrated from some scholars: "There was never a likeness of his noble sandals—rather, the blessed ones—in a house that burned down, nor in a ship that sank, nor in a caravan that was plundered; and whoever has them is safe from the thief, the night-visitor, calamities, and fire." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of masters and the imam of the substitutes and the solitary ones ¹¹⁵, from whose noble sandals' virtues and abundant exalted blessings it is that it has been narrated from some righteous ones: "I had a likeness of his noble sandals, and I found great blessing in them and benefited from them in my religion and my worldly life, and blessing appeared to me because of them in wealth, family, and children." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of the people of sincerity and purity, and the model of Allah's people who are benevolent to the poor and weak, from whose noble sandals' virtues and exalted blessings it is that it has been narrated from some gnostics ¹¹⁶: "Whoever has a likeness of his noble sandals and places it in a clean and pure cloth and raises it up, then if he needs something, he takes it out, kisses it with his mouth, stands upright on his feet, places it on his right hand and on his head, then puts his left hand on his chest and on his heart, then places the sandal in front of him and kisses it out of veneration—not for its material—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—then says: 'O Allah, by the sanctity of its wearer and by the sanctity of what was revealed to him on the Night of the Ascension ¹¹⁷, except that You fulfill my need,' then Allah, mighty and majestic, will fulfill it for him by the blessing of the Chosen One ¹¹⁸." ⁵³ With the description of my beloved, the poet has embroidered his verse, and the writer has adorned the page with the inscription. Kind, compassionate, he encompassed all with mercy, and his spoils came to them with bounty. He possesses beauty and beneficence in every school, so his traces are beloved and his landmarks. Through him Allah sealed all the prophets, and every doer of good deeds is his seal. I love the Messenger of Allah with a love that, if it were divided among a people, their portions would suffice them. My heart, whenever his mention passed among people, became light, its wings were struck. And among what called me—and claims are many—to longing, indeed longing is what I endure, Is a likeness of the sandals of the one I love, so here I am, in a day whose night blames me. I drag its leather over my head and face, and I kiss it at times and at times I cling to it. A likeness of the foot of the most honorable who ever walked, so my eye sees it, and I am not dreaming. A man—my cheek—then I imagine its impact on my cheek as a step there that he continues. ⁵⁴ And who will grant me the impact of the sandal on the heat of my cheek, for one who walked, whose knuckles rose above the stars? I will place it upon my collarbones as a return for my heart, perhaps my heart's blaze will cool. And I will tie it above my tear ducts as a talisman for my eyelid, perhaps its flowing tears will cease. Indeed, by my father, the likeness of the sandal of Muhammad—may its singer be blessed and its servant sanctified. The crescent of the horizon wishes it would fall to vie with us in kissing it, and we vie with it. And that is only because the love of our Prophet stands firm in the bodies of the treacherous, its necessity. Peace be upon him whenever the east wind blows and the doves sing on the branches of the arāk trees ¹¹⁹. And this is the description of a second likeness from the likenesses of his noble sandals, may Allah bless him and grant him peace ⁵⁵, and honor, venerate, glorify, and magnify him. ⁵⁶ If you are a guest of distress seeking relief Through pure hidden grace that removes hardship, Then seek it and press both cheeks to it, supplicating With humility, and beseech with sincerity to attain hope. And immediately send blessings upon the best of mankind, you will find In the night of your distress, from its relief, lamps. For the rank of the Messenger of Allah is vast, And the dawn of its outpourings has erased every darkness. He is the intercessor for all creation collectively In every matter from which good has emerged. Repulsion and benefit in both worlds are sought From him, and no one with intellect doubts that. So blessed is the one who seeks him in this world and the next; Never has one failed who believed in him and hoped. O messenger sent as a mercy to the worlds, succor A servant who comes complaining of crookedness in his path. He never hopes for benefit from his deeds at all, But rather he has come among those who seek refuge. Upon the likeness of the sandals of the exalted foot He rubs a dry cheek, hoping, Realizing with the fervor of supplication, trusting In blessedness from him, with a cheerful heart. And You are his recourse for success in a request, Even if it were a thousand hopes from him at all times. O my heart, rejoice, for in the rank of the Messenger, what You have hoped for revives bodies and souls. And make your blessings continuous, their ends joined To their beginning, ascending to the highest peak of exaltation. May the God of the Throne send blessings upon him, encompassing, And upon his family and companions, and those who followed in their footsteps. The most pure blessings of Allah, without end, With peace, whose morning has dawned. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad ⁵⁹, the imam of Your successful servants, and by the blessing of sending blessings upon him, the servant becomes among those who receive glad tidings, from whose noble sandals' virtues and strong exalted blessings it is that whoever draws a likeness of them, kisses it, and places it on his head, Allah raises his rank, elevates his mention, cools his grave, sends down His mercy upon him, strengthens faith in his heart, and signs of good appear upon him instantly. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the sword of victory and the best of those who persist in the remembrance of Allah in secret and in public, from whose noble sandals' virtues and exalted blessings it is that whoever draws a likeness of them, kisses it, and places it on his head, Allah gives him what no eye has seen nor ear heard, treats him with His beautiful pardon, forgives him and his parents, and protects him from the calamities of time.

O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the sun of guidance, vast in intercessory power ¹²⁰, and abundant in protection, from whose noble sandals' virtues and exalted blessings it is that whoever draws their likeness and kisses it and uses it as a means ¹²¹ to Allah, He will lead him on the paths of salvation, cover him with the cloak of well-being and concealment, turn his heart towards goodness, and make him among the people of righteousness and sainthood ¹²². O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of the people of submission and contentment, and the lamp of the people of justice in decree, from whose noble sandals' virtues and exalted blessings it is that whoever draws their likeness and uses it as a means to Allah, Allah will turn to him, forgive him, answer his prayer, open for him the doors of goodness, conceal him, protect him from Satan, and guard him from evil decree. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the pole ¹²³ of high stations and the best of sought ones who saves his hopeful from the distress of worry and fears, from whose noble sandals' virtues and exalted blessings it is that whoever draws their likeness and places it in his pillow or his house, spirits will submit to him, Allah will look upon him with the eye of kindness, drive away poverty from him, and enrich him instantly and in his state. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who tread the paths of truth and His way, and the ocean of the secret that unites the Law ¹²⁴ and the Reality ¹²⁵, from whose noble sandals' virtues and exalted blessings it is that whoever draws their likeness and wipes himself with it, Allah will heal him by their blessings from leprosy, elephantiasis, headache, and migraine. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of everyone who is patient and still under the currents of destiny, and of those whom You have drowned in the sea of Your love, so they are constantly dwelling in Your presence through remembrance and watchfulness, from whose noble sandals' virtues and exalted blessings it is that whoever draws their likeness and wipes himself with it, Allah will heal him from back pain, stomach pain, madness, chest pain, shortness of breath, pleurisy, intestinal disease, heart disease, liver disease, spleen disease, cough, tuberculosis, infertility, and all apparent and hidden diseases. By kissing the sandals of the Chosen One ¹²⁶, harm is removed, And terrors, distress, and evil are lifted. A person attains his highest desire Of goodness, realized, and his breast expands. Through them, the secret of Allah appears, and victory shines Upon the servant, unfolded, and his rank rises. Through them, seekers attain a station in honor, Through them, troubles, worry, and hardship are cleared. Through them, you escape the vicissitudes of time when you Place them [on your eyes], and help and victory come. Sandals that surpass all other sandals By the sole of the best of creation; truly they have pride. Sandals that rose above the heaven by a footstep Through which secrets appeared and remembrance was exalted. My friend, by the truth of Allah, I am longing To kiss them; patience has failed me because of them. So persist in kissing the likeness, for indeed It has benefits of various kinds that are countless. And rub your cheek upon it in humility, supplicating, And send blessings upon him from whose light's radiance the full moon [shines]. And say: O Messenger of Allah, Your servant is fearful; By your rank, I call upon Allah to remove my burden. For your rank with Allah is a great rank, So be my intercessor on the Day when we are gathered [for judgment]. And hasten to remove all worries, For by Allah, because of them, my affair has become constrained. You are my refuge, ever merciful to me, And you are the wealth of my heart when poverty befalls me. When people store up their material wealth, Your remembrance, by Allah, no treasure is like it. Upon you be the blessings of Allah at every moment, And upon your family and companions, as long as rain falls. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every pious and chaste person, and the possessor of the precious and exalted veil, from whose noble sandals' virtues and exalted blessings it is that whoever draws their likeness and persists in carrying it, Allah will grant him general acceptance among all creatures, open for him the doors of proximity, reveal to him the treasures of hidden secrets, and bestow upon him the vision of him (peace and blessings be upon him) in sleep and the visitation of his noble grave. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of the people of special distinction ¹²⁷ and the possessor of bestowed sciences ¹²⁸, from whose noble sandals' benefits and exalted blessings it is that whoever draws their likeness and carries it, Allah will ease for him what is difficult, treat him with His kindness, open his inner sight, illuminate his innermost being, establish him with the firm word, expand his provision, and protect him from every affliction, calamity, and trial. Shaykh al-Imam al-Fadil Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Abi al-Hasan al-Khawlani (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The righteous jurist Abu 'Abd Allah showed me this sandal in the following form and said to me: I inherited it from my father, and his father had bought it for one hundred dinars from the Banu Sulaym, who had brought it from Medina the Illuminated and said: It is like the sandal of the foot of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Abi al-Hasan said: I benefited from it in my religion and my worldly life, and blessing appeared to me because of it in wealth, family, children, and other things. And 'Isa ibn Isma'il informed me, saying: Muhammad ibn Uways narrated to us from Malik ibn Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: The size of the sandal of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) that they made was this size. It was with 'A'isha (may Allah be pleased with her), and Umm Kulthum (may Allah be pleased with her) took it from her, and Talha took it from her, and he was killed on the Day of the Camel ¹²⁹; then the Banu Sulaym took it and sold it for one hundred dinars. Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This sandal's likeness was never in a house that burned down, nor in a ship that sank, nor in a caravan that was plundered. Whoever has this likeness is safe from the thief, the night visitor, hardships, and fire, by the blessing of its wearer (peace and blessings be upon him) and his honor, generosity, glory, and greatness. * His light's likeness dispels darkness * It resembles a sandal of him who surpassed all creatures * And whose garments are honored by his station * And from the garden of pride, it has no peer * And the branch of the tree from his height is swaying * So magnify his rank and seek it with longing * And be not despairing of its benefits * For how many a great benefit has it obtained * Its glories are friendly to its form * And send blessings upon its honored wearer, a blessing * By which good deeds shine like brides * And upon his noble family and companions * And those who vie in following his traces And this is the description of the aforementioned likeness of the noble sandal.

And how, whenever we submit ¹³⁰ and the sandal ¹³¹—its reality is a crown placed—upon the sole ¹³² of the best of creation ¹³³ it attained a distinction. The path of guidance became clear from it for the discerning. We are passionately devoted to its wondrous abode and we do not forget. So no full moon ¹³⁴ has stirred us, nor a beloved friend, nor a cure for the sick, nor hope for the wretched, nor security for the fearful—thus is virtue reckoned. O Allah, I ask You by the sanctity of this exalted image ¹³⁵ and the purity of its beautiful, wondrous form, and by the sanctity of everyone who received it with acceptance and satisfaction, and traced it and rubbed his gray hair upon it from among the people of knowledge and religion—every obedient and hearing one—and by the sanctity of our master and lord Muhammad (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), the intercessor whose intercession is accepted, that You make me, my parents, my teachers, my children, and those who love me in Your secure protection and Your impregnable fortress, and that You cast over us the canopies of Your preservation, and that You admit us all into Your fortress and the sanctuary of Your Messenger, wherein whoever enters is secure, neither abandoned nor lost, and that You protect us all from the assaults of time and its calamities, and ward off from us every evil person—whether devil, jinn, human, noble, or lowly—and enrich us, O Allah, by Your bounty from all others, and save us in both abodes from every terrible horror. O Allah, O Most Gracious, O Most Merciful, O Near, O Answerer, O Swift. O Allah, I ask You by the right of this image and by everyone who attended to it and traced it in his book and made it a treasure and a provision in hardships from among the people of perfection, and by the sanctity of our master Muhammad, distinguished by the noblest of traits and beautiful qualities, that You gird me with the sword of Your victory and protection, and make me among the people of Your love and friendship, and among those whom You have guarded with the eye of Your care, and turn my heart towards goodness, and grant me happiness in my state and wealth, and seal for us with happiness, and make us among the people of excellence and increase. O Gentle, O All-Aware, O Exalted. Amen, amen, amen. And praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds. It has afflicted my heart from a time of adversity. I go forth against the enemy's war and return. When calamities and terror descend, we are guided. And the key to the door of generosity is in Your hand. By Your beautiful kindness today and tomorrow. I attain through it among creation my goal. By him the messengers, angels, and creation follow. And their leader towards eternal bliss. So love of the Messenger of Allah is my glory and my source. So call to him in distress: O Muhammad! But by Allah's praise, he succeeds and is happy. For you, by Allah's power, are surely a helper. Perhaps through him I may ransom myself from the weight of my sin. For the sole of the best of creation, the most noble guide. To extinguish for me the fire of renewed passion. And to be safe from the drawn sword of enemies. And pray for him then, and you will be guided. And his family and companions, with every follower. To You, O Messenger of Allah, I have called in that which has invaded my heart with armies of grief. So here I am, and You are the Messenger of Allah, the most generous of those who have conquered with armies of care. And indeed You are the door of Allah; You honor whoever comes. Help me, O Messenger of Allah, for I am confident. And by Allah's truth, I have no stratagem except my refuge with clinging to the rank of him who is the Prophet of guidance, the treasure of the poor, their provision. Indeed, say to whoever seeks honor through other than him: When treacherous time bites you with its fangs, far be it that whoever calls upon him returns disappointed. Help me and hasten, O my beloved, to my goal. By the rank of the sandal image ¹³⁶, for I have traced it. An image exalted above sandals; by its touch I kiss it like the kiss of a yearning lover. So rub your cheek upon it, you will gain its favor, and be healed by it from every disease and ailment. Upon him be Allah's prayers, then His peace. His bed (may Allah bless him and grant him peace). O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the source of Qahtan ¹³⁷ and the pupil of the eye of pride among all eyes, who limited himself in bedding to what necessity required and left aside what was beyond, and said: "A bed for a man, a bed for his wife, the third for the guest, and the fourth for the devil." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the mercy of the strong and the weak, the master of every devout and upright one, concerning whom it is narrated from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that she said: "The bed of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) on which he slept was only of leather stuffed with palm fibers." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, possessor of the radiant and shining countenance, and from whose overflowing oceans of gifts the virtues flow. Concerning whom it is narrated from Ibn Mas'ud that he said: "I entered upon the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) while he was in a room like a bathhouse, and he was sleeping on a mat that had left marks on his side. I wept, and he said: 'What makes you weep, O Abdullah?' I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, Chosroes ¹³⁸ and Caesar ¹³⁹ recline on silk and brocade, while you sleep on this mat that has left marks on your side.' He (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: 'Do you not weep, O Abdullah? For they have the world, and we have the Hereafter.'" O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, possessor of justice and fairness, the best observer of Allah secretly and openly, who never wronged nor transgressed. Concerning whom it is narrated from Aisha that she said: "The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) had a bed interlaced with palm leaves, covered with a black cloak, and we had stuffed it with palm leaves. Abu Bakr and Umar entered upon him and found the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) sleeping on it. When he saw them, he sat up and looked, and there were marks of the bed on the side of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace). They said: 'O Messenger of Allah, does the roughness of what you see of your bed and couch not hurt you, while Chosroes and Caesar are on beds of brocade and silk?' He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Do not say that, for the bed of Chosroes and Caesar is in the Fire, and this bed and couch of mine will end up in Paradise.'" And it is narrated that he (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) never criticized any sleeping place; if a bed was spread for him, he lay down, otherwise he lay on the ground and covered himself with a blanket.

His sleep, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who forgive the wrongdoer and whom You honored with the Mighty Qur'an and the Seven Oft-Repeated Verses ¹⁴⁰, who, when he woke from sleep, would begin with the tooth-stick ¹⁴¹, and he would sleep at the beginning of the night and wake at the beginning of the second half. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those at whose courtyard the loads of sinners are unloaded, and from blessing him comes the strength of the believer's spirit, his fragrance, and his wealth, who it is reported that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would sleep on a bed sometimes, on a leather mat sometimes, on a straw mat sometimes, and on the ground at other times. His bed was of tanned leather stuffed with palm fibers, and he had a woolen cloth on which he would sleep. When he slept on his right side, he would be mindful of Allah Almighty ¹⁴² until his eyes overcame him. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the master of everyone whose foot is firm in knowledge and established, and from blessing him hearts are purified from filth and dirt, who it is reported that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when he took to his bed, would place his palm under his right cheek and say: "My Lord, protect me from Your punishment on the day You resurrect Your servants." Ibn 'Abbas said: When he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, slept, he would blow lightly ¹⁴³. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, possessor of the lofty station and the highest rank, and the best of all who preferred the Hereafter to the life of this world, who it is reported from 'A'isha that she said: When he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went to his bed every night, he would cup his hands together, blow into them, and recite "Say: He is Allah, the One" ¹⁴⁴ and "Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of mankind" ¹⁴⁵, then wipe with them as much of his body as he could, doing that three times. In another narration, when he went to his bed, he would say: "In Your name, O Allah, I die and I live." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the sea of generosity, the benefactor to widows and orphans, the eye of mercy, the intercessor whose intercession is accepted among mankind, who it is reported that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when he went to his bed, would say: "Praise be to Allah who fed us, gave us drink, sufficed us, and gave us shelter; how many are there who have no one to suffice them and no shelter." And he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would sleep with his eyes while his heart did not sleep. Chapter on his miracles, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, indicating the confirmation of his prophethood and the truth of his message, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every master and noble, the imam of every intimate and interlocutor, whose proofs of prophethood, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, were many, and the reports of the appearance of his miracles were famous, the greatest of which is the Mighty Qur'an. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of every righteous saint and the model of every sincere scholar, whom He supported with the miracle of the Mighty Qur'an, challenging with its inimitability and calling for its opposition and the production of a sura like it, but they refrained and were unable to produce anything like it, despite being people of eloquence, masters of rhetoric, and leaders of expression; thus it was a conclusive proof and a clear evidence. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, whose station You raised in this world and the Hereafter, and whose banner and standards You made victorious over the disbelievers, whose miracles of all the prophets ceased with the end of their eras, so none witnessed them except those who were present, while the miracle of the Qur'an remains until the Day of Resurrection. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the exalted in dignity, whom You disciplined with the greatest character and the best manners, who, when he recited to 'Utba ibn Rabi'a: "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Ha Mim. A revelation from the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. A Book whose verses are detailed" ¹⁴⁶ until he reached: "But if they turn away, then say: I have warned you of a thunderbolt like the thunderbolt of 'Ad and Thamud" ¹⁴⁷, 'Utba covered the mouth of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and adjured him by kinship to stop, and said to his people: "I feared that punishment would descend upon them." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the delight of the eye of the yearning lover and the master of every intelligent and skilled person, who it is reported regarding the conversion of Abu Dharr al-Ghifari and his description of his brother Unays, saying: By Allah, I have not heard of anyone more poetic than my brother Unays; he refuted twelve poets in the Jahiliyya ¹⁴⁸, I being one of them. He went to Mecca and brought back news of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to Abu Dharr. I said: What do people say? He said: They say he is a poet, a soothsayer, a sorcerer. I have heard the speech of soothsayers, and it is not like their speech. I have placed it against the meters of poetry, and it does not fit, nor will it ever fit on anyone's tongue after me that it is poetry. They are liars, and he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is truthful. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, who, when the fearful calls him, answers and helps, and who spread knowledge among creation and disseminated it, who it is reported that al-Walid ibn al-Mughira, who was the leader of Quraysh in eloquence, said to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: Recite to me something of the Qur'an. So he recited to him: "Indeed, Allah commands justice, excellence, and giving to relatives" ¹⁴⁹ to the end of the verse.

Al-Walid said: "Repeat it." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) repeated it, and he said: "By Allah, it has sweetness, and upon it is grace, its top is fruitful, its bottom is abundant, and no human could say this." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your forbearing Prophet, and upon whom You have made sending blessings a cure for every sound heart, from whom it is narrated (peace and blessings be upon him) that he said, describing the Mighty Qur'an: "It is excellence, not frivolity. Whoever abandons it among the tyrants, Allah will break him; whoever seeks guidance from other than it, Allah will lead him astray. It is the firm rope of Allah, the Wise Reminder, the Straight Path. Desires do not deviate with it, scholars are not satiated by it, tongues do not become confused from it, it does not wear out with repetition, and its wonders do not end. It is that which, when the jinn heard it, they said: 'Indeed, we have heard a wondrous Qur'an that guides to right guidance.' Whoever speaks by it speaks truth, whoever judges by it judges justly, whoever acts by it is rewarded, and whoever is called to it is guided to a straight path." * Its Qur'anic verse in the eye of a gathering ¹⁵⁰ — comprehensive verses by which guidance is clear. * A speech ¹⁵¹ exalted above temporality, eternal in attributes of essence, having no opposite. * An eloquent communication, miraculous in eloquence, with miracles beyond count. * Adorned with the spirit of revelation, its fabric's garment — contracts of belief whose knot cannot be undone. * The ultimate goal of masters of eloquence is their incapacity before it, even if they are the most eloquent tongues. * Their most understanding, by falsehood, his error exhausted him; he confronted, and from his error the ears turned away. * Allah curses people who abandon it out of disgrace, the empty-headed and the dull-witted. * It was recited, and its face struck down obscenity in ugliness, and from its doubt, asceticism purified intellects. * Indeed, the Criterion ¹⁵² scattered the unity of their faction, so the Messenger of Allah gathered and guidance became manifest. * He brought guidance — may Allah bless him — and did not follow whims when seriousness came to him. The splitting of the moon for him (peace and blessings be upon him). ¹⁵³ O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whom You have cast His enemies with expulsion and despair, and by sending blessings upon him poverty and bankruptcy are treated, from whose greatest miracles (peace and blessings be upon him) is the splitting of the moon for him, which did not split for anyone else. That is because when the disbelievers of Quraysh denied him and did not believe him and asked him for a sign indicating his truthfulness, Allah gave him the sign of the splitting of the moon, so it split into two parts until they saw Mount Hira' between them. They said: "Muhammad has bewitched us." A man among them said: "If he bewitched us, he cannot bewitch all people." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the fortress of the community protecting from perils, the best of those who clarified the path of guidance and explained the ways, from whom it is narrated from Ibn Mas'ud that he said: "The moon split during the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) into two parts: one part above the mountain and one part below it. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Bear witness.'" In another narration: "The disbelievers of Quraysh said: 'This is the sorcery of Ibn Abi Kabsha.' They said: 'Look at what the travelers bring you, for Muhammad cannot bewitch all people.' He said: 'Then the travelers came and informed them of that.'" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad ¹⁵⁴, the possessor of action and report, the best of those who were pleased with Allah's decree and patient, from whose brilliant miracles is what is narrated from Asma' bint 'Umays: that revelation was coming to him (peace and blessings be upon him) while his head was in the lap of 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), and he did not pray 'Asr until the sun had set. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Did you pray, O 'Ali?" He said: "No." So he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Allah, he was in Your obedience and the obedience of Your Messenger, so return the sun to him." Asma' said: "I saw it set, then I saw it rise after it had set, and it rose over the mountains and the earth, and that was at As-Sahba' in Khaybar." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the lamp of regions, the perfect in virtues, lofty in rank and status, from whose brilliant miracles is what is narrated: that when he was taken on the Night Journey ¹⁵⁵ and informed his people about the caravan and the sign in the camel, they said: "When will it come?" He said: "On Wednesday." When that day came, Quraysh watched, waiting, and the day passed and it did not come. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) supplicated, and the sun was detained for him, and an hour was added to the day. The glorification of pebbles and food in his hand (peace be upon him). O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, pure in branch and root, by whose noble face rain is sought and drought departs, from whose brilliant miracles is what is narrated from Abu Dharr al-Ghifari: "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took seven pebbles, and they glorified [Allah] in his hand. Then he placed them in the hand of Abu Bakr, and they glorified. Then he placed them in the hand of 'Umar, and they glorified. Then he placed them in the hand of 'Uthman, and they glorified, until a humming was heard from them like the humming of palm trees." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who hastened between the Corner and the Station ¹⁵⁶, and upon whom the two Surahs of Al-Ma'idah and Al-An'am were revealed, from whose brilliant miracles is what is narrated from Anas: "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was brought some tharid ¹⁵⁷, and he said: 'This food glorifies [Allah].' They said: 'Do you understand its glorification?' He said: 'Yes.' Then he said to a man: 'The story of this man,' and he brought it near, and he said: 'Yes, O Messenger of Allah, this food glorifies.'" In the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud: "We used to eat with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and we would hear the glorification of the food."

O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whose mention the lover utters morning and evening, and the most excellent beloved who sways with ecstasy when hearing his noble traits, from whose miracles is what was related by Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq ¹⁵⁸ ibn Muhammad from his father, who said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) fell ill, and Gabriel brought him a tray containing pomegranates and grapes, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ate from it, and it glorified God. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, (81) the greeting of the stone to him (peace and blessings be upon him), the watering-place of the thirsty, and whose heart is filled with Your love and vigilance, from whose dazzling miracles is what was related by Jābir ibn Samura, who said: The Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “I know a stone in Mecca that used to greet me before I was sent; I know it now.” O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the knowers ¹⁵⁹ of their Lord, whose heart never admitted love of other than Him, and the best refuge for the fearful sinner who finds peace and shelter, from whose dazzling miracles is what was related by ‘Alī (may God be pleased with him), who said: I was walking with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in Mecca, and we went out to one of its outskirts, and no tree or stone met him (peace and blessings be upon him) without saying: “Peace be upon you, O Messenger of God.” The saying of ‘Amen’ by the threshold of the door and the walls of the house to his supplication (peace and blessings be upon him) and his speech to the mountain. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, who is the trustee over the divine treasures and the central pearl of the precious secret, from whose dazzling miracles is what was related from him (peace and blessings be upon him) that he said to his uncle, our master al-‘Abbās: “O Abā (82) al-Faḍl, do not leave your house tomorrow, you and your sons, until I come to you, for I have a need concerning you.” So they waited for him until he came after sunrise and said: “Peace be upon you.” They said: “Upon you be peace and the mercy of God and His blessings.” He said: “How have you entered the morning?” They said: “We have entered the morning in good, praise be to God.” He said to them: “Draw near.” So they drew near, crawling towards one another, until when they were close enough, he enveloped them with his cloak and said: “O Lord, these are my kinsmen and the branch of my father, and these are my household, so shield them from the Fire as I shield them with this cloak.” Then the threshold of the door and the walls of the house said ‘Amen’ three times. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who walked upon the earth, and the most excellent of those whom God taught the secrets of His glorious Book, from whose dazzling miracles is what was related by Anas, who said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) ascended Mount Uḥud with Abū Bakr, ‘Umar, and ‘Uthmān, and it shook beneath them, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) struck it with his foot and said: “Be firm, O Uḥud, for upon you is none but a prophet, a ṣiddīq ¹⁶⁰, or a martyr.” The speech of the tree to him (peace and blessings be upon him) and its greeting to him. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whose noble name corresponds to its meaning, and whom God commanded the inhabitants of earth and heaven to love, from whose dazzling miracles is what was related from him (peace and blessings be upon him) that he said: “When Gabriel brought me the message, I passed by no stone or tree without it saying: ‘Peace be upon you, O Messenger of God.’” O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the delight of my eye and the beloved of my heart, through the blessing of whose prayers my good deeds are accepted and my sins forgiven, from whose dazzling miracles is what was related by Jābir ibn ‘Abd Allāh, who said: Gabriel (peace be upon him) came to the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) one day while he was sitting sorrowful, stained with blood from the beating of some of the people of Mecca. He said to him: “What is the matter with you?” The Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “These people did such and such to me.” Gabriel said to him: “Would you like me to show you a sign?” He said: “Yes.” So he looked at a tree beyond the valley and said: “Call that tree.” So he called it, and it came walking until it stood before him (peace and blessings be upon him). He said: “He commanded it to return to its place, and it returned.” Then he (peace be upon him) said: “Sufficient for me, sufficient for me.” O Allah, send blessings and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your beloved whose name is written on the gates of Paradise, on the bosoms of its houris and its youths, and Your trustee who distributes Your Garden among its inhabitants and dwellers, from whose dazzling miracles is what was related by Ibn ‘Umar, who said: We were with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) on a journey when a Bedouin approached. When he drew near, the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: “Where are you heading?” He said: “To my family.” He said: “Would you like something better?” He said: “What is it?” He said: “You bear witness that there is no god but God and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.” He said: “Do you have a witness to what you say?” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: “This tree.” So he called it (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was on the bank (84) of the valley, and it came plowing the ground, stood before him, and he called it as witness three times, and it testified, then returned to its place. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the ultimate excellence of this Muḥammadan community, its pride, and its intercessor who saves on the Day of Resurrection from the Fire and its blazing heat, from whose dazzling miracles is what was related that a Bedouin asked him (peace and blessings be upon him) for a sign, and he said to him: “Say to that tree: ‘The Messenger of God calls you.’” He said: “The tree swayed to its right, left, front, and back, its roots were severed, then it came plowing the ground, dragging its roots, until it stood before the Messenger of God (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: ‘Peace be upon you, O Messenger of God.’” The Bedouin said: “Command it to return to its place of growth.” So it returned, lowered its roots into that spot, and settled. The Bedouin said: “Permit me to prostrate to you.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If I were to command anyone to prostrate to anyone, I would command a woman to prostrate to her husband.” The trees came at his call, prostrating, * walking to him on trunks without feet, As if they had traced a line for what was written * in their branches of exquisite script in the morsels.

The yearning of the stump for him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings ¹⁶¹ upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the treasure of secrets, and by the blessing of prayer upon him deeds are accepted and slips are forgiven. Among his dazzling miracles, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is what was narrated from Jabir who said: The mosque was roofed on palm trunks, and when he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave the sermon, he would stand by one of them. When the pulpit was made for him, we heard that stump make a sound like the sound of a pregnant she-camel. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the pride of this community, its honor, its encompassing blessing, and its fortune. Among his dazzling miracles is what was narrated from Jabir who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to stand by a palm tree on Friday. A man from the Ansar said, 'Shall we not make a pulpit for you?' When it was Friday, he was raised to the pulpit, and the palm tree cried out. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came down and embraced it, and it began to moan like a child being quieted. He, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'It was weeping for what it used to hear of remembrance near it.' And the stump yearned for him with longing and tenderness, and returned a sound like a repeated [cry] of a pregnant she-camel. So he hastened to embrace it, and it became still at once. For every person, from his time, what he is accustomed to. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad ¹⁶², the best of all those by whom Allah benefited his Companions and followers, and whose rank Allah exalted on the Day of Resurrection and manifested his virtue and spread it. It is narrated that when the stump yearned for him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, upon his departure, it had a bellow like the bellow of a bull until the mosque shook and the people wept much when they saw it. He, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came down and clung to it, and it became silent. He ordered it to be buried and said: 'By Him in whose hand is my soul, if I had not clung to it, it would have remained like this until the Hour.' And He cast His love even into inanimate objects, so they would be read for the greeting of peace to Him. He left a stump by which he used to preach, and it moaned from pain when it felt loss. The stump yearns for him, O people, thus. Are we not more deserving, if we yearn for him with passion? If a stump, which never disobeyed for an hour, [acts thus], then there is no loyalty if we can bear [separation] from him afterwards. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the rising of blessing, fortune, and happiness, the eye of mercy that removes misery and hardship from the people of his love. It is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to the stump when it yearned for him: 'If you wish, I will return you to the garden where you were, so that roots will grow for you, your form will be perfected, and you will have fruit and produce; and if you wish, I will plant you in Paradise, and the friends of Allah will eat from your fruit.' Then the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, inclined his ear to it to hear what it said. It said: 'Rather, plant me in Paradise, so that the friends of Allah may eat from me, and I will be in a place where I will not decay.' Those near him heard it, and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'It trembled.' Then he said: 'It chose the abode of permanence over the abode of annihilation.' ¹⁶³ The prostration of the camel and its complaint to him, peace be upon him. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the ultimate goal and hope, whose full moon rose in the sky of honor and became complete. Among his dazzling miracles is what was narrated from Anas who said: There was a household of the Ansar who had a camel they used for watering. It became stubborn and refused them its back. The Ansar came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said: 'We had a camel we used for watering, and it became stubborn and refused us its back, and the crops and palm trees are thirsty.' The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to his Companions: 'Go.' They stood up, and he entered the garden, with the camel in a corner. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, walked towards it. The Ansar said: 'O Messenger of Allah, it has become like a mad dog, and we fear its attack for you.' He said: 'There is no harm from it for me.' When the camel looked at the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, it came towards him until it fell prostrating before him. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, took its forelock, leading it submissively, until he made it work. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the beloved of the heart and the dearest of what one possesses, the best of whom we hope for the removal of hardships and rely upon. Among his dazzling miracles is what was narrated from Ya'la ibn Murra al-Thaqafi who said: While we were traveling with the Prophet ¹⁶⁴, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, we passed by a camel that was being used for watering. When the camel saw him, it made a sound (jarjara) and placed its neck down. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, stopped by it and said: 'Where is the owner of this camel?' The owner came, and he said to him: 'Sell it to me.' He said: 'Rather, I give it to you as a gift, O Messenger of Allah, but it belongs to a household who have no other livelihood.' He said: 'Indeed, it reminded me of its matter: it complained of much work and little fodder. So treat it well.' The prostration of the sheep to him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who fasted, bowed, and prostrated, and the most excellent of those who commanded mutual love and mercy and forbade rancor and envy. Among his dazzling miracles is what was narrated from Anas who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, entered a garden of an Ansari with Abu Bakr, 'Umar, and a man from the Ansar. In the garden were sheep, and they prostrated to him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Abu Bakr said: 'O Messenger of Allah, we are more deserving of prostrating to you than the sheep.' He said: 'It is not fitting for anyone to prostrate to anyone.' The speech of the wolf and the talk of the pigeon. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of every repentant and returning one, the Ka'ba of every eloquent speaker, praiser, and literary figure. Among his dazzling miracles is what was narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri who said: The wolf attacked a sheep and took it. The shepherd pursued it...

So he snatched it from him, and the wolf sat back on its tail and said: "Do you not fear God, snatching from me a provision that God has sent to me?" The shepherd said: "O wonder! A wolf sitting on its tail speaks to me with human speech?" It said: "Shall I tell you of something more wondrous than that? Muhammad in Yathrib ¹⁶⁵ tells people of tidings of what has passed." The narrator said: So the shepherd drove his sheep until he entered the city, then he penned them in a corner of its corners, then he came to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace. He, peace be upon him, ordered that the call to prayer be made for a congregational prayer, then he came out and said to the Bedouin: "Tell them." So he told them. And in the hadith of Abu Hurayra: The wolf came and sat on its tail before him, may God bless him and grant him peace, and began to wag its tail. He said: "This is the envoy of the wolves, come to ask you to appoint for them a prophet." They said: "By God, we will not do it." So a man took a stone and threw it at him, and he retreated howling. The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "The wolf is a lord, and the wolf." ¹⁶⁶ O God, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the bride of the festival of joy and happiness, and the source of the mercy of God, the King, the Forgiving, from whose dazzling miracles is what is narrated: that when he, may God bless him and grant him peace, conquered Khaybar, he came upon a black donkey, and the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, spoke to it, and the donkey spoke to him. He, peace be upon him, said: "What is your matter?" It said: "Yazid ibn Shihab ¹⁶⁷ — God brought forth from the lineage of his grandfather sixty donkeys, none of whom were ridden except by a prophet, and I was expecting you to ride me; none of my grandfather's lineage remains except me, and none of the prophets except you. Before you, I belonged to a Jewish man, and I would deliberately stumble with him, and he would gather my belly and strike my back." He, peace be upon him, said to it: "You are Ya'fur." ¹⁶⁸ The hadith of the dabb ¹⁶⁹ and its speaking to him, peace be upon him. O God, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the rising star of fortune, blessing, security, and one whose mention God has raised, so that he is not mentioned except that mention of him is with him in sermons, letters, the tashahhud ¹⁷⁰, and the adhan ¹⁷¹. From his dazzling miracles is what is narrated: that he, may God bless him and grant him peace, was in a gathering of his companions when a Bedouin from Banu Sulaym came to him, having caught a dabb which he placed in his sleeve to take to his camp. When he saw the group, he said: "Who is this?" They said: "The Prophet of God." So he took out the dabb from his sleeve and said: "By al-Lat and al-Uzza ¹⁷², I will not believe in you until this dabb believes in you." And he threw it before the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace. The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "O dabb!" And it answered him in a clear tongue that all the people heard: "At your service and your pleasure, O ornament of those who will attend the Resurrection." He said: "Whom do you worship?" It said: "He whose throne is in heaven, whose authority is on earth, whose path is in the sea, whose mercy is in Paradise, and whose punishment is in Hell." He said: "Then who am I?" It said: "The Messenger of the Lord of the Worlds and the Seal of the Prophets. Successful is he who believes you, and failed is he who denies you." So the Bedouin said: "I bear witness that there is no god but God and that you are the Messenger of God. I came to you when there was no one on the face of the earth more hateful to me than you, and by God, now you are more beloved to me than myself, my child, and my hair. My hair, my skin, my inside, my outside, my secret, and my public have all believed in you." The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said to him: "Praise be to God who has guided you to this religion, which is exalted and not exalted over, and God accepts nothing but with prayer, and He accepts no prayer but with the Quran." O God, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the master of jinn and humans, free and slave, the imam of the people of heaven and earth, the one for whom soul, wealth, parent, and child are sacrificed. It is narrated that the Bedouin, the owner of the dabb, when he embraced Islam, said to the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace: "Teach me." So he taught him al-Fatiha ¹⁷³ and al-Ikhlas ¹⁷⁴. He said: "O Messenger of God, I have not heard in the expanse ¹⁷⁵ nor in the concise ¹⁷⁶ anything more beautiful than this." The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said to him: "This is the speech of the Lord of the Worlds, and it is not poetry. When you recite 'Say: He is God, the One' once, it is as if you have recited a third of the Quran; if you recite it twice, it is as if you have recited two-thirds of the Quran; and if you recite it three times, it is as if you have recited the entire Quran." The Bedouin said: "What an excellent God is our God, who accepts little and gives much." Then the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: "Do you have wealth?" He said: "There is no one in all of Banu Sulaym poorer than I." So he said to his companions: "Give him." And they gave him until they made him rich. The Bedouin left the presence of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and was met by a thousand Bedouins from Banu Sulaym on a thousand mounts with a thousand spears and a thousand swords. He said to them: "Where are you heading?" They said: "We are heading to this liar who claims to be a prophet." The Bedouin said: "I bear witness that there is no god but God and that Muhammad is the Messenger of God." They said: "You have apostatized?" So he told them his story, and they all said: "There is no god but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God." Then they came to the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and he received them without a cloak. They dismounted from their mounts, kissing whatever part of him they could reach, saying: "There is no god but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God." They said: "O Messenger of God, command us with your command." He said to them: "Be under the banner of Khalid ibn al-Walid." The hadith of the gazelle and its speaking to him, peace be upon him. O God, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, Your beloved of great worth, station, and intercession, and the best of those whose sunna and guidance the gnostics follow. From his dazzling miracles is what is narrated from the Mother of the Believers Umm Salama, may God be pleased with her. She said: While the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, was in a desert plain, a caller called out: "O Messenger of God!" three times. He turned and saw a gazelle tied with a rope, and a Bedouin lying prostrate in a cloak, sleeping in the sun. He said: "What is your need?" She said: "This Bedouin caught me, and I have two fawns in that mountain. Release me so I can go and nurse them and return." He said: "Will you do that?" She said: "May God punish me with the punishment of the usurer ¹⁷⁷ if I do not return." So he released her, and she went and returned, and the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, tied her again. The Bedouin woke up and said: "O Messenger of God, do you have a need that you release this gazelle?" So he released her, and she went out running joyfully in the desert, striking the ground with her foot and saying: "I bear witness that there is no god but God and that you are the Messenger of God." O God, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who called upon God in hope and fear, and the most excellent of those who gave and bestowed for God's sake. From his dazzling miracles, may God bless him and grant him peace, is what is narrated from Aisha. She said: We had a domestic animal ¹⁷⁸ that was accustomed to the house. When the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, was with us, it would stay still and not move; when the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, left, it would come and go.

The water gushed forth from between his fingers, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the most generous of the generous, the lamp of the hearts of the saints ¹⁷⁹ and the scholars. Among his dazzling miracles, the like of which has not been heard for anyone other than him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, is what was narrated by Anas ¹⁸⁰ who said: I was with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, during the expedition of Tabuk ¹⁸¹. The Muslims said: 'O Messenger of Allah, our mounts and camels are thirsty.' He said: 'Is there any leftover water?' A man came with a small amount in a waterskin. He said: 'Bring a large dish.' He poured the water, then placed his palm in the water. Anas said: 'I saw it gushing forth like springs. We gave water to our camels and mounts, and we took provisions.' The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'Have you had enough?' We said: 'Yes, O Messenger of Allah.' He raised his hand, and the water receded. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those to whom You have granted honor and lofty rank, the most excellent of those whom You have addressed with Your command and prohibition, and he was obedient and hearing. Among his dazzling miracles is what was narrated by Anas who said: I saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when the time for the afternoon prayer ¹⁸² had come. The people sought water for ablution ¹⁸³ but did not find any. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was brought some water for ablution. He placed his hand in that vessel and ordered the people to perform ablution from it. I saw water gushing forth from between his fingers, and the people performed ablution until the last of them had done so. In another narration from him, he said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went out to Quba' ¹⁸⁴. A small cup was brought to him from one of their houses. He inserted his hand, but the cup could not contain it, so he inserted his four fingers, but could not insert his thumb. Then he said to the people: 'Come to the drink.' Anas said: 'I saw with my own eyes water gushing forth from between his fingers. The people kept coming to the cup until all of them had drunk their fill.' O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, who commanded us to do good and forbade us from evil, and through whose blessing Allah has saved us from trials ¹⁸⁵ and granted us well-being. Among his dazzling miracles is what was narrated by Jabir ¹⁸⁶, may Allah be pleased with him: He said: The people became thirsty on the day of Hudaybiyyah ¹⁸⁷. Before the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, there was a small leather water vessel ¹⁸⁸ from which he was performing ablution. The people rushed towards him. He said: 'What is the matter with you?' They said: 'O Messenger of Allah, we have no water for ablution nor for drinking except what is before you.' He placed his hand in the vessel, and water began to gush from between his fingers like springs. We drank and performed ablution. It was said to Anas: 'How many were you?' He said: 'We were fifteen hundred. If we had been a hundred thousand, it would have sufficed us.' O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the most manifest of creation in honor and authority, the highest in station and rank. Among his dazzling miracles is what was narrated by Mu'adh ibn Jabal ¹⁸⁹, may Allah be pleased with him: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'Tomorrow, if Allah wills, you will come to the spring of Tabuk. You will not reach it until the forenoon ¹⁹⁰. Whoever reaches it should not touch any of its water until I come.' He said: We came to it, and two men had preceded us. The spring was like a shoelace ¹⁹¹, oozing a little water. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, asked them: 'Have you touched any of its water?' They said: 'Yes.' He rebuked them and said what Allah willed. Then they scooped from the spring little by little until it collected in something. Then he, peace be upon him, washed his face and hands with it, then returned it. The spring flowed with abundant water, and the people drew water. Then the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'O Mu'adh, if your life is prolonged, you will soon see this place filled with gardens ¹⁹².' O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the illuminating lamp of the hearts of Your saints ¹⁷⁹, the vast and great ocean of generosity and munificence. Among his dazzling miracles is what was narrated: That the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, camped with his noble companions at the far end of Hudaybiyyah at a well ¹⁹³ with little water, which the people were taking sparingly. Soon the people exhausted it and complained to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, of thirst. He pulled out an arrow from his quiver ¹⁹⁴, then ordered them to put it in the well. By Allah, it kept gushing with water for them to drink until they departed, and they filled their containers while sitting at the edge of the well. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, who is most deserving and worthy of every virtue, and whose rank You have elevated among Your servants in this world and the Hereafter. Among his dazzling miracles is what was narrated by Anas who said: A drought ¹⁹⁵ afflicted the people during the time of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. While the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was delivering the Friday sermon ¹⁹⁶, a Bedouin ¹⁹⁷ stood up and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, wealth has perished and families are hungry, so pray to Allah for us.' He raised his hands, and we saw no cloud in the sky. By Him in Whose hand my soul is, he had not lowered them until clouds gathered like mountains. Then he did not descend from his pulpit until I saw rain dripping from his beard. We were rained upon that day, the next day, and the day after until the following Friday. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who recited the Mighty Book ¹⁹⁸ and reflected, the most excellent of all who contemplated Allah's creations and pondered. Among his dazzling miracles is what was narrated: That Abu Talib ¹⁹⁹ said: I was with my nephew, meaning the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, at Dhu al-Majaz ²⁰⁰. Thirst overcame me, so I said: 'O son of my brother, I am thirsty.' I only said that to him while I saw nothing with him except a tree trunk at a bend of the valley without water in it. He bent his hip until he dismounted and said: 'O uncle, are you thirsty?' I said: 'Yes.' He struck the ground with his heel, and behold, there was water. He said: 'Drink.' So I drank. Among them is what was narrated by 'Umar ²⁰¹ who said: We set out for Tabuk in intense heat. We camped at a place where thirst afflicted us until we thought our necks would be severed. A man would slaughter his camel, squeeze its stomach contents ²⁰², drink it, and put the remainder on his liver ²⁰³. Abu Bakr ²⁰⁴ said: 'O Messenger of Allah, Allah has accustomed you to good in supplication, so pray to Allah for us.' He said: 'Do you desire that?' He said: 'Yes.' He raised his hands and did not lower them until the sky... and it poured. They filled all the vessels they had. Then we went to look and did not find it had extended beyond the camp. The multiplication of little food through his blessing, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your Prophet supported in jihad ²⁰⁵ against enemies by the noblest of angels, Your Beloved whose rank was exalted in the Night Journey ²⁰⁶ and who was given precedence there. Among his dazzling miracles is what was narrated by Jabir ibn 'Abdullah ²⁰⁷ during the expedition of the Trench ²⁰⁸. He said: When they dug the trench, I saw severe hunger ²⁰⁹ in the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. I went back to my wife and said: 'Do you have anything? I saw severe hunger in the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.' She brought out a bag containing a sa' ²¹⁰ of...

Barley, and we had a domestic animal, so I slaughtered it and ground the barley until we placed the meat in the cooking pot (al-burmah). Then I came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and whispered to him, saying: "O Messenger of Allah, we have slaughtered an animal of ours and ground a *ṣāʿ* (a measure) of barley, so come, you and a group with you." The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, called out: "O people of the trench (al-Khandaq)! Indeed, Jabir has prepared a meal (*suʾr*), so welcome to you!" The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Do not take down your cooking pot, nor bake your dough until I come." Then he came, and I brought out dough for him. He spat into it and blessed it, then said: "Call a baker to bake with you, and ladle from your cooking pot, but do not take it down." And they were a thousand (men). By Allah, they ate until they left it and departed, while our cooking pot was still bubbling as it was, and our dough was being baked likewise. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the ornament of days and nights and the crown of the people of lordship and perfection. Among his dazzling miracles is what was narrated from Anas, who said: Abu Talhah said to Umm Sulaym: "I heard the voice of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, weak, and I recognize hunger in it. Do you have anything?" She said: "Yes." So she brought out some barley loaves, then brought out a head covering (*ḥimār*), wrapped the bread in part of it, and sent me to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. I went with it and found him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the mosque with the people. I greeted him, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Did Abu Talhah send you?" I said: "Yes." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to those with him: "Rise." So he set out, and I went ahead of them until I came to Abu Talhah and informed him. Abu Talhah said: "O Umm (Sulaym), the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, has come with the people, and we have nothing to feed them." She said: "Allah and His Messenger know best." Abu Talhah went until he met the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came forward, with Abu Talhah accompanying him, and said: "Bring what you have, O Umm Sulaym." She brought that bread, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered it to be crumbled. Umm Sulaym squeezed a small butter-skin (*ʿukkah*) and seasoned it. Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said over it what Allah willed, then said: "Give permission to ten." So he gave permission to them, and they ate until they were full, while the people were seventy or eighty men. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the purest of creation in soul and the highest in aspiration, and the one whose love Allah has made a protection from the fire of Hell and Paradise. Among his dazzling miracles is what was narrated: When the expedition of Tabuk occurred, the people were struck by famine. Umar said: "O Messenger of Allah, I think you should order them to bring the surplus of their provisions, then supplicate Allah for blessing upon them." He said: "Yes." So he called for a leather mat (*niṭʿ*), spread it, then called for the surplus of their provisions, and they spread it. A man would come with a handful of corn (*dhurah*), and another would come with a piece of bread, until a small amount had gathered on the mat. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, supplicated for blessing, then said: "Take (it) into your vessels." So they took into their vessels until they left no vessel in the camp without filling it. He said: Then they ate until they were full, and there remained a surplus. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and that I am the Messenger of Allah. No servant meets Allah with these two (testimonies) while doubting, but he will be prevented from Paradise." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the mender of the broken (*Jābir al-Kasīr*), and the one whom Allah has made an intercessor for his community when the fire of the blaze (*Saʿīr*) rages. Among his dazzling miracles is what was narrated from Anas, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was a bridegroom with Zaynab. His mother Umm Sulaym took dates, clarified butter (*samn*), and dried cottage cheese (*aqiṭ*), made a dish of *ḥays* (a mixture of these), placed it in a bowl (*tawm*), and said: "O Anas, take this to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and say: 'My mother sent this to you, and she sends you greetings of peace.'" He, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Put it down." Then he said: "Go and call for me so-and-so and so-and-so," naming men, "and call for me whomever you meet." So I called those he named and those I met, and I returned to find the house crowded with its people. It was said to Anas: "How many were they?" He said: "About three hundred." I saw the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, place his hand on that *ḥays* and speak what Allah willed. Then he began to call ten at a time to eat from it, and he said to them: "Mention the name of Allah, and let each man eat from what is before him." Anas said: They ate until they were full, then a group left until all of them had eaten. He said to me: "O Anas, lift it." So I lifted it, and I do not know whether it was more when I placed it or when I lifted it. In the narration of Ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Bakr, he said: We were with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, one hundred and thirty (men). He, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Does anyone among you have food?" There was a man with a *ṣāʿ* of food or similar, and he was amazed. Then a man came driving sheep. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "For sale or as a gift?" He said: "No, rather for sale." So he bought a sheep, and it was prepared. He, peace be upon him, ordered the belly-fat (*sawād al-baṭn*) to be roasted. By Allah, there was no one among the one hundred and thirty but that he cut a piece for him from its belly-fat—if he was present, he gave it to him, and if he was absent, he set it aside for him. Then he made two large bowls (*qaṣʿatayn*) from it, and they ate.

All of them, and we were satiated, and the two bowls overflowed, so we carried them on a camel. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings ¹⁰⁰ upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the beloved intercessor, from whose mouth springs of wisdom gushed forth. Among his dazzling miracles is what is narrated from our master Ali ibn Abi Talib, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gathered the Banu Abd al-Muttalib, who were forty men, some of whom would eat a young sheep and drink a farq ²¹¹—a vessel holding twelve sa' ²¹²—so he, peace be upon him, prepared for them a mudd ²¹³ of food, and they ate until they were full, and it remained as it was. Then he called for a small bowl, and they drank until they were quenched, and it remained as if nothing had been drunk from it. Among them is what is narrated from Abu Hurayra, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered me to call the People of the Suffa ²¹⁴, so I followed them until I gathered them, and a large dish was placed before us, and we ate as much as we wished and finished, and it was the same as when it was placed, except that there were traces of fingers on it. Reviving the dead and curing the afflicted, and the testimony of infants to his prophethood, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your beloved of the highest rank and lofty station, the greatest of creation in reward and the most perfect in deed and effort. Among his dazzling miracles is what is narrated: that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, called a man to Islam, and he said, "I will not believe in you until you revive my daughter for me." So he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Show me her grave." So he showed it to him, and he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "O so-and-so," and she replied, "At your service and your pleasure." He said ¹⁰¹, "Would you like to return?" She said, "No, by Allah, I have found Allah better for me than my parents, and I have found the Hereafter better than this world." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who forsook their beds in Your pleasure and stayed awake for You, and the most excellent of those who strove in Your path and were patient with what You decreed. Among his dazzling miracles is what is narrated: that Jabir ibn Abd Allah slaughtered a sheep, cooked it, crumbled bread into a large bowl, and brought it to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. The people ate, and he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to them, "Eat, but do not break the bones." Then he, peace be upon him, gathered the bones, placed his hand on them, and spoke some words, and behold, the sheep stood up shaking its ears. Then he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Take your sheep, may Allah bless you in it, O Jabir." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your Prophet crowned with the crown of majesty and awe, and Your beloved adorned with the garments of honor, pleasure, and generosity. Among his dazzling miracles is what is narrated: that a man from the people of al-Yamama brought him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, a newborn boy wrapped in a cloth. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, "O boy, who am I?" He said, "You are the Messenger of Allah." He said, "You have spoken the truth; may Allah bless you." Then the boy did not speak after that until he grew up, and he was called Mubarak al-Yamama ²¹⁵. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon ¹⁰² our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, lofty in rank and status, the forbearing, the oft-sighing, whom Allah supported with clear miracles and dazzling signs and strengthened. Among his dazzling miracles is what is narrated from Shamr ibn Atiyya al-Asadi: that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was brought a boy who had grown up and never spoken, and he said to him, "Who am I?" He said, "You are the Messenger of Allah." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the noblest of creation in origin, the purest in branch, the highest of prophets in rank, and the most perfect in law. Among his dazzling miracles is what is narrated from Ibn Abbas, who said: A woman brought her son to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, "O Messenger of Allah, my son has madness, and it seizes him at our lunch and dinner times." So the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wiped his chest, and he belched, and something like a black puppy came out of his belly running. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your beloved singled out for the Great Intercession, and whom You made a treasure and a store for the people of faith. Among his dazzling miracles is what is narrated: that on the day of Uhud, the eye of Qatada ibn al-Nu'man was struck until it fell onto his cheek. He was brought to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said, "If you wish, you may be patient and have Paradise, or if you wish, I will return it and supplicate Allah for you, and you will not miss anything from it." He said, "O Messenger of ¹⁰³ Allah, I have a wife whom I love, and I fear that if she sees me, she will find me repulsive." So the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, took it in his hand and returned it to its place, and said, "O Allah, clothe him with beauty." So it became the most beautiful of his eyes and the sharper in sight, and it never became inflamed when the other eye did. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the intercessor whose intercession is accepted on the Day of Terror and Panic, the best beloved, at whose garden's departure the believer weeps and grieves. Among his dazzling miracles is what is narrated: that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said during the expedition of Khaybar, "Where is Ali ibn Abi Talib?" They said, "O Messenger of Allah, he is complaining of his eyes." He said, "Send for him." So he was brought, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, spat into his eyes and supplicated for him, and he was cured as if he had never felt any pain. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whose character and nature were perfected, the most excellent of those whose inner eye was opened, so he stood for You in truth and obedience. Among his dazzling miracles is what is narrated: that Salama ibn al-Akwa' was struck on his leg on the day of Khaybar, and he [the Prophet] blew on it three times. He said, "I have not complained of it until this very hour." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad. A section on the virtues and honors with which Allah distinguished him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace ¹⁰⁵. He whose kindness and mercy encompassed all creation, the best refuge for the sinner, and the one who fiercely protected his sanctuary. Allah, mighty and majestic, singled him out with things He did not give to anyone before him, and He did not give any prophet anything except that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had the like of it. None knows that truly except Allah. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every knower and chosen one, and the imam of every righteous person and saint. When Allah gave to Adam, peace be upon him, that He created him with His hand, He gave to our master Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that He Himself undertook to expand his breast and created in him faith and wisdom. So He, glorified be He, undertook from Adam the existential creation, and from our master Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, the prophetic creation. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad.

The greatest of creation in knowledge and forbearance, the highest in rank and name, from whom it is narrated, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: 'My nation was presented to me in water and clay, and I was taught all the names, just as Adam was taught all the names.' O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whose secret traversed the celestial realm, whose mercy encompassed the nation and whose goodness included them; he who, when Idris ²¹⁶, peace be upon him, was raised and given a lofty station, our master Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was given the Mi'raj ²¹⁷ and raised to a station to which no other was raised. (105) O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the exemplar of the generous and noble, the imam of imams whose light dispels the darkness of ignorance and blindness; he who, when Allah saved Noah, peace be upon him, and those who believed with him from drowning and being swallowed up, our master Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was given that his nation would not be destroyed by a punishment from heaven. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom Allah protected from all evil and guarded, the most excellent of those whom Allah cared for in every state and took charge of; he who, when Abraham, peace be upon him, was given that the fire of Nimrod was cool and safe for him, our master Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was given the equivalent of that, namely the extinguishing of the fire of war from him—and sufficient is a fire whose fuel is swords, whose blaze is death, whose kindler is envy, and whose aim is the soul and body. Allah Almighty said: 'Whenever they kindle a fire for war, Allah extinguishes it.' O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every virtuous one, the possessor of vast generosity and abundant munificence; he who, when Abraham, peace be upon him, was given the station of intimate friendship (khulla) ²¹⁸, our Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was given that and more with the station of love (mahabbah) ²¹⁹; and Abraham was also given solitude on earth in worshipping Allah and His oneness, and standing up to break the idols, our master Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was given the breaking of them in the presence of their supporters with a staff (106) that could only break by a divine power and the substance of awe, not by any physical force. He did not speak softly nor was he ill from reaching, but rather he said, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, openly and not secretly: 'And say: Truth has come and falsehood has vanished.' O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of the people of courage and boldness, the mercy to the strong and the weak, the intercessor of mankind; he who, when Abraham, peace be upon him, was given the building of the Sacred House—the body of whose spirit is the Blessed Stone ²²⁰—our master Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was given that when Quraysh rebuilt the House after its collapse and nothing remained but placing the Stone in its position, they competed over that, then agreed to refer to the first one to enter. It happened that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, entered, and they said: 'This is the Trustworthy One,' and they made him judge over that. He ordered a cloth to be spread, placed the Stone in it, then said: 'Let every clan lift a corner,' so they all lifted it, then our master Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, took it and placed it in its position. So Allah reserved that station for him as a merit for him throughout the days. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every beloved and loved one, and by the blessing of prayer upon him, the desired goal is facilitated and the sought-after is completed; he who, when Moses, peace be upon him, was given the transformation of the staff into a non-speaking serpent, our master Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was given the moaning of the palm trunk ²²¹. And it is narrated that when Abu Jahl wanted to throw a stone at him, peace be upon him, he saw two snakes on his shoulders, so he turned back terrified. (107) O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of relief and Your beloved who saves his nation from distress and hardship; he who, when Moses, peace be upon him, was given the white hand ²²², he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was given that he continuously moved through the loins of fathers and wombs of mothers from Adam until he moved to his father Abdullah. And it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave Qatada ibn al-Nu'man a palm branch after he had prayed the night prayer on a dark, rainy night, and said: 'Go with it, and it will illuminate for you ten steps ahead and ten steps behind. When you enter your house, you will see a blackness; strike it until it comes out, for it is a devil.' So he went, and the palm branch illuminated for him until he entered his house, found the blackness, and struck it until it came out. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who delighted in intimate conversation with You and recitation of Your Book in the early dawn, and the most excellent of those who forbade Your servants and commanded; he who, when Moses, peace be upon him, was given the answering of prayer, the gushing of water from stones, and the splitting of the sea, he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was given such answering of prayer as cannot be counted, water gushed from between his fingers, and the moon split for him. And every miracle of the messengers that has passed * Came with something more wondrous at its manifestation So the staff as a moving serpent is not more wondrous than * The complaint of the camel ²²³ nor the walking of trees (108) Nor the gushing of flowing water from stone * More than the Kawthar ²²⁴ flowing from his hand O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who express the meanings of Your Book, who elucidate and clarify, and the most excellent beloved for whom the lover sacrifices wealth, soul, family, and children; he who, when Aaron was given eloquence, he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was given its utmost, so he was in the most excellent station and the position that is not unknown. Indeed, one of his companions said to him: 'We have not seen anyone more eloquent than you.' So he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'And what would make me falter? Indeed, the Quran was revealed in a clear Arabic tongue.' O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of every scholar and the one who mends, whom Allah singled out with the two suras of al-Fath ²²⁵ and al-Nasr ²²⁶; he who, when Joseph, peace be upon him, was given half of beauty and the interpretation of dreams, he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was given all beauty, and in the interpretation of visions he had what cannot be encompassed. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, pure in soul, body, scent, and sweat, and by seeking intercession through him the chronically ill are saved from the depths of destruction and drowning; he who, when David, peace be upon him, was given the softening of iron—when he touched it, it became soft—he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was given that he wiped the mangy sheep of Umm Ma'bad and it gave milk, and that a dry stick (109) became green in his hand, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and sprouted leaves. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad.

The possessor of the celestial secrets ²²⁷, through whom Allah subdued the people of Christianity and Judaism. When Solomon (peace be upon him) was given the speech of birds, the subjugation of devils, the wind, and a kingdom that no one after him was given, our master Muhammad (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) was given the like of that and more. As for the speech of birds, the stone spoke to him (peace be upon him), the pebbles glorified Allah in his hand though they were inanimate, the foreleg of a sheep spoke to him, the gazelle spoke to him, and the camel complained to him. As for the wind, he (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) was given the Burāq ²²⁸, which is faster than it. As for the subjugation of devils, it is narrated that Iblīs ²²⁹ confronted him (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) while he was in prayer, but Allah enabled him to seize him and tie him to a pillar of the mosque. As for the kingdom, he (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) was given the choice between being a prophet-king or a prophet-servant, and he chose servitude. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of noble character and perfect intellect, whose rank Allah raised above all creation. When Jesus (peace be upon him) was given the healing of the blind and the leprous and the reviving of the dead, our master Muhammad (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) was given that he restored an eye to its place after it had fallen onto the cheek of Qatādah ²³⁰, and it became the better of his two eyes. The wife of Muʿādh ibn ʿAfrāʾ ²³¹ complained to him (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) of the leprosy she had, so he wiped her with a stick, and Allah removed the leprosy from her. He called out to a woman in her grave, and Allah revived her, and she answered him (peace and blessings be upon him). O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the cause of my salvation in both abodes and my mercy, through the blessing of invoking blessings upon whom my worry is dispelled and my distress is removed. It is narrated from him (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) that he said: "I have been given five things that no prophet before me was given: every prophet was sent specifically to his people, but I have been sent to every red and black ²³²; spoils of war have been made lawful for me, and they were not lawful for anyone before me; the earth has been made for me a place of prostration and a means of purification, so wherever a man of my community is overtaken by prayer, let him pray there; I have been given victory by terror ²³³ for a month's journey; and I have been given intercession ²³⁴, which I have reserved for my community." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the intercessor of creation on the Day of Resurrection, perfect in description and attribute. Among his special characteristics (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) is that he was the first of the prophets in creation and the last in being sent. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best prophet whose rank among creation was raised and exalted, the most excellent of all through whom Allah repelled drought and affliction from His servants. Among his special characteristics (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) is that he was a prophet when Adam was between spirit and body, and that he was the first to take the covenant on the day of "Am I not your Lord?" ²³⁵ and the first to say "Yes." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the victorious and aided, who commanded his community to hasten the breaking of the fast and delay the pre-dawn meal. Among his special characteristics (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) is that Adam and all creatures were created for his sake, and that Allah Almighty wrote his noble name upon the Throne, upon every heaven, upon the leaves of the Tree of Ṭūbā ²³⁶ and the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary ²³⁷, upon the edges of the veils, between the eyes of the angels, upon the Gardens and what they contain of palaces and chambers, and upon the necks of the Ḥūr ²³⁸. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of the forbearing and the compassionate, whose love and passion have captivated the hearts of the knowers. Among his special characteristics (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) is that Allah Almighty took a covenant from the prophets that they would believe in him and support him, from Adam onwards. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who girded the sword, the most excellent of the pure whose fragrance spread and diffused through existence. Among his special characteristics (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) is that he was foretold in the previous scriptures, and that his noble lineage from Adam onward contains no illegitimate birth. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the most excellent of creation, whose noble heart is in constant contemplation ²³⁹ in wakefulness and sleep. Among his special characteristics (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) is that the stars drew near at his birth, so that Fāṭimah al-Naqiyyah ²⁴⁰ said: "I saw the stars drawing near until I thought they would fall upon me," and that the idols were overturned at his birth. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whose heart was filled with Your majesty and whose eye with Your beauty, so he became joyful, supported, and aided. Among his special characteristics (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) is that his mother saw at his birth a light that illuminated the palaces of Syria, and that he emerged from her womb clean, and was born circumcised and joyful. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the wisest of the wise, the master of the compassionate and merciful. Among his special characteristics (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) is that his mother felt no pain during pregnancy, and he fell from her womb prostrating, raising his finger to the sky. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whose full moon and light shone in the sky of prophethood, whom his Lord brought near to His presence and drew close. Among his special characteristics (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) is that he spoke immediately after emerging from his mother's womb, saying in eloquent tongue: "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and that I am the Messenger of Allah." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, for whom the palm trunk wept at his separation and yearned for him like the yearning of a she-camel for her young, the best to whom zakat and tithes were brought. Among his special characteristics (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) is that his cradle was moved by the movement of angels, and that the moon would speak to him while he was in his cradle and incline wherever he pointed. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the noble prophet, through the blessing of invoking blessings upon whom the difficult becomes easy and the little becomes much. Among his special characteristics (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) is the splitting open of his noble chest, and that Gabriel covered him and pressed him three times at the beginning of revelation. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the key to the door of guidance, who reached the utmost limit in virtue and honor. Among his special characteristics (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) is that Allah mentioned him in the Mighty Qurʾān limb by limb: his heart in His words "The heart did not lie about what it saw" ²⁴¹, his tongue in His words "Nor does he speak from desire" ²⁴², his sight in His words "The sight did not swerve, nor did it transgress" ²⁴³, his face in His words "We have seen the turning of your face to the heaven" ²⁴⁴, his hand and neck in His words "And do not make your hand chained to your neck" ²⁴⁵, his back and chest...

By His saying, "Did We not expand for you your breast?" ²⁴⁶ the verse. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the lamp of the worlds ²⁴⁷ and the sun of guidance and spiritual knowledge, from whose special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that his name was derived from the name of Allah, the Praised One, and he was named Ahmad, and no one before him was named with it, and that he would spend the night hungry and wake up fed, his Lord feeding him and giving him to drink from the gardens ²⁴⁸. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, he by whom Allah removed from hearts the clouds of ignorance and its darkness, and whom He made the opening of every good and its seal, from whose special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that he could see in darkness as he could see in light, and he could see behind him as he could see in front of him. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the obedient Prophet, and he by whose blessing one seeks cure from incurable disease and by whom we are saved from terrible horror, from whose special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that he had no hair under his armpits, and when he walked on rock his feet would sink into it, and his saliva would sweeten salty water and suffice an infant. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam ²⁴⁹ of the people of prophethood and messengership, and the exemplar of the people of guidance and direction, from whose special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that his voice and hearing reach what no one else's voice or hearing reaches, his eyes would sleep but his heart would not sleep, he never yawned nor had a wet dream, his sweat was more fragrant than musk, and when he walked alongside a tall person he would surpass him in height. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the ultimate goal of every intention and request, and he whom You singled out with what cannot be attained, from whose special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that he is the seal of the prophets and messengers, and that Allah the Exalted addressed all the prophets in the Qur'an by their names: "O Adam, O Noah, O Abraham," but He addressed him—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—only as "the Prophet" and "the Messenger." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the talisman ²⁵⁰ of glory and victory, and the master of the masters of the desert and settled peoples, from whose special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that no fly ever landed on his clothes, mosquitoes did not suck his blood, lice did not harm him, no shadow fell on the ground's shadow, and he had no shadow in sun or moon. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the perfect in attributes, devoid of [human] creation and nature, and he by whose blessing every gathering and assembly is honored, from whose special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that the angels would walk with him wherever he went, walking behind his back, and they fought with him on the day of Badr and Hunayn, and that divination ceased at his mission, and the heaven was guarded from eavesdropping. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the first of creation in faith, and the most excellent of those who manifested the truth and explained it clearly, from whose special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that the seal of prophethood ²⁵¹ was between his shoulders, while the seal of other prophets was on the right hand, and that he was given the Burāq ²⁵² saddled and bridled, while other prophets rode it bare. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the one whose banners and standards are victorious, and by whose touch diseases and pains are treated, from whose special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that he was taken by night from the Sacred Mosque to the Farthest Mosque ²⁵³ and ascended from the highest place, and He showed him of His greatest signs, and preserved him during the Ascension ²⁵⁴ so that his sight did not swerve nor transgress, and He brought the prophets and angels to him, and he led them in prayer as imam, and he was shown Paradise and Hell, and he saw them with his own eyes, and He combined for him both vision and speech. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of those who bind and loose ²⁵⁵ and dispose, and the imam of the people of special distinction, veneration, and honor, from whose special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that he was given the Mighty Book while he was unlettered, unable to read or write, and that Allah preserved this Book from alteration and distortion. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who defended and protected the side [of truth], and the most excellent of those by whom Allah healed sick hearts from ignorance and blindness, from whose special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that Allah facilitated the memorization of His Book for its learner, and that it was revealed in seven modes ²⁵⁶, and that it is an enduring sign that will never be lost as long as the world remains, and that it encompasses the meanings of the Books sent down from heaven. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the pious prophets, and the subduer of the disbelieving enemies of Your religion, from whose special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that he was given from a treasure beneath the Throne, which no one else was given, and he was singled out with the Throne Verse ²⁵⁷, the detailed chapters ²⁵⁸, the oft-repeated verses ²⁵⁹, the seven long chapters ²⁶⁰, the Opening ²⁶¹, the Abundance ²⁶², and the endings of Surah al-Baqara ²⁶³. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whoever believes by following him and loving him will be secure on the Day of Resurrection, and the drawn sword will be sheathed from every treacherous and faithless person, from whose special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that he was given the Basmala ²⁶⁴, the Pond ²⁶⁵, and the Abundance ²⁶⁶, and he was given the keys of the treasuries. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the delight of the worlds, the sun of gnostic sciences, and the foremost of the age and time, from whose special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that his miracles are enduring and continuous, and he was given comprehensive speech ²⁶⁷, and he has the most followers among the prophets and the most miracles, for it is said they are three thousand besides the Qur'an. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the choicest of the chosen, and the master of the pious masters, from whose special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that he was sent to all people, humans and jinn, and that he is the Beloved of Allah, and was sent as a mercy to the worlds, and that Isrāfīl ²⁶⁸—peace be upon him—descended upon him, and he did not descend upon any prophet before him. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the breaker of those who turned away from the truth and were arrogant, and by the blessing of sending blessings upon him every intention is completed and facilitated, from whose special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that he was aided with terror ²⁶⁹ for a month's journey, spoils were made lawful for him, the earth was made a mosque and a purification for him, calling him by his name was forbidden for the community, and when he died the angels all prayed over him, and his past and future sins were forgiven.

O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the prophets and messengers, and every saint and good person, and one whom none can equal in generosity, forgiveness, forbearance, and patience. Among his special characteristics ²⁷⁰—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that Allah the Exalted swore by his message, his life, his city, and his era; that he is the master of the children of Adam; that his companion ²⁷¹ embraced Islam; and that the deceased is asked about him in the grave. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the most noble of creation in character and nature, pure in origin and branch. Among his special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that every lineage and cause ²⁷² will be severed on the Day of Resurrection except his lineage and cause, and that the children of his daughters are attributed to him in the Sacred Law ²⁷³. (120) O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those by whose abode the regions are honored, and the most excellent of those by whose praise hearts delight and ears are adorned. Among his special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that whoever sees him in a dream has truly seen him, for Satan cannot impersonate him; that he is the first from whom the earth will split open ²⁷⁴; that he is the first to cross the Bridge ²⁷⁵; and that whoever insults him—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—or disparages him (Allah forbid) is killed by consensus. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the sun of guidance, the full moon of felicity, the most noble in origins and customs. Among his special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that he is the first to enter Paradise; that the earth would swallow whatever came out of him ²⁷⁶; that being named by his name is auspicious, blessed, and beneficial in this world and the Hereafter; and that he will be resurrected on the Burāq ²⁷⁷. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, one whose lofty station and eminence none can attain, the best of all whom [Allah] refined, disciplined, and improved in character and nature. Among his special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that in Paradise no book will be read other than his Book ²⁷⁸, and no tongue will speak other than his tongue; and that every day seventy thousand angels descend upon his noble grave, wiping it with their wings, surrounding him (121) and seeking forgiveness for him and sending blessings upon him—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—until evening, and the like of them descend at night likewise until the Hour is established. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, through whom the saints, messengers, and angels intercede, and whom You have gifted with Your great bounty and favor. Among his special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that it is recommended to perform ablution ²⁷⁹ and apply perfume when reading his hadith ²⁸⁰; that voices should not be raised in his presence but rather lowered as during his lifetime; that his hadith should be read in an elevated place; that it is disliked for the reader to stand for anyone; that the readers of his hadith will always have radiant faces; that they are uniquely titled 'ḥuffāẓ' ²⁸¹ and 'Commanders of the Faithful' ²⁸² among all scholars; and that he saw Gabriel in his true form twice, and no one else saw him thus. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the light of existence and its radiance, the refuge of the weak and the treasure of their wealth. Among his special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that companionship ²⁸³ is established for whoever met him, even for a moment; that all his Companions are upright ²⁸⁴; that the one praying addresses him saying, 'Peace be upon you, O Prophet,' and addresses no one else; that if any of his hair fell into fire, it would not burn; that his private parts were never seen, and whoever saw them would have his eyes blinded. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the unique one of the age, unparalleled in his beauty and comeliness, the best of those for whom outcomes were good and for whom You were in his state and wealth. Among his special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that riding animals longed for him to mount them and would not urinate or defecate while he was riding them; that lying about him is not like lying about anyone else; that it is forbidden to call him from behind the apartments ²⁸⁵ or to speak loudly to him; and that Gabriel sent [a message] to him for three days during his illness asking about his condition. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who drew near to You through prayer and fasting, the most excellent worshipper who stood for You in the darkness of night while people slept. Among his special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that he was protected from sins ²⁸⁶ like the prophets; that he could single out whomever he wished for whatever rulings he wished; that he would be afflicted with fever as two men would be afflicted, to multiply the reward; and that when the Angel of Death came to him seeking permission to take his soul, he descended with an angel named Ismāʿīl ²⁸⁷ who dwells in the air, never having ascended to heaven nor descended to earth before that day. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whom You singled out on the Night of the Ascension ²⁸⁸ with every good, attaining nearness and proximity, and whom You transported through the wonders of Your dominion and gave to drink from the delight of Your love. Among his special characteristics—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that people will come to him in crowds without an imam ²⁸⁹; that he is alive in his grave and his body does not decay; that he is not inherited from; that an angel is appointed over his grave to convey to him the blessings of those who send blessings upon him; that his pulpit is over his Basin ²⁹⁰; that the area between his pulpit and his grave is a garden from the gardens of Paradise; that he will be granted the Praiseworthy Station ²⁹¹, the Great Intercession, and the Banner of Praise; and that his city of emigration, Medina the Illuminated, will be the last place in the world to become desolate. (123) ❖ I have not lengthened my praise by enumerating your description, ❖ but my aim is to exhaust [the subject]. ❖ Yet I am thirsty—my passion and my wealth—❖ and a little water does not quench. Section on the virtue of his Community—peace be upon him—and its special characteristics. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the noble and intelligent, sent as a mercy to all races. Among the virtues of his Community—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that it is the best of communities and the most honored of creation before Allah, and that Allah has exalted its status in His clear Book: "You are the best community ever brought forth for mankind" ²⁹². O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whom You have given abundant honor and virtue, and whom You have made a guided guide. Among the virtues of his Community—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—are that Allah has made them the best and just, saying: "Thus We have made you a middle community ²⁹³ that you may be witnesses over mankind and the Messenger may be a witness over you." (124)

He by whose blessing evils and calamities are repelled, and through love of him and prayer upon him blessings are sought, He whose community’s (Ummah) virtues include what was narrated that he (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: “Indeed, Allah chose my community over all other communities.” O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, He under whose banner’s shade the prophets will be gathered on the Day of Resurrection, and the master of every striver who overcame his soul and subdued his desire, He whose community’s (Ummah) virtues include what was narrated from him that he said: “My community completes seventy communities; it is the best of them and the most honored by Allah.” O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Possessor of noble honor, established glory, and virtue, without peer or likeness, He whose community’s (Ummah) virtues include what was narrated from him that he said: “My community is shown mercy; there is no punishment for them in the Hereafter; their punishment in this world is trials, earthquakes, and killing.” O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, The best of those to whose great sanctuary the sinner clings and seeks refuge, and the most excellent of those whom the petitioner seeks for his need and heads towards, He whose community’s (Ummah) virtues include what was narrated that he said: “The people of Paradise are one hundred and twenty rows: eighty from this community and forty from all other communities.” O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, My Imam and my model, and may He increase my spending and my pledge, He whose community’s (Ummah) virtues include what was narrated from him that he said: “Indeed, Paradise has been forbidden to all the prophets until I enter it, and forbidden to all communities until my community enters it.” O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, He whom You made the Imam and model of every knower, and the soul of the body of existence and its mercy, He whose community’s (Ummah) virtues include what was found in the previous scriptures regarding their mention and honor, until Moses (peace be upon him) asked Allah to make them his community. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, The essence of glory, honor, and pride, singled out for the two rak‘ahs of dawn (Fajr), the Witr, and the sacrifice (Nahr), He whose community’s (Ummah) virtues include what was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) as a marfu‘ (raised) hadith: Moses said: “O Lord, is there among the communities any more honored by You than my community, over whom You shaded the clouds and sent down manna and quails?” So He, glorified and exalted, said: “O Moses, do you not know that the virtue of Muhammad’s community over all other communities is like My virtue over all My creation?” He said: “O Lord, show them to me.” He said: “You will not see them, but I will make you hear their speech.” So Allah the Exalted called them: “O community of Muhammad!” And they answered from the loins of fathers and wombs of mothers: “Here I am, O Allah, here I am (Labbayka Allahumma Labbayk). Indeed, all praise, grace, and dominion are Yours; there is no partner with You.” He, the Exalted, said: “O community of Muhammad, indeed My mercy preceded My wrath, and My pardon preceded My punishment. I have given you before you asked Me, and I have answered you before you called upon Me, and I have forgiven you before you sought My forgiveness. Whoever comes to Me on the Day of Resurrection with the testimony that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is My servant and Messenger, I will admit him to Paradise, even if his sins are more than the foam of the sea.” O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, The rising of the most auspicious good, and the pole of the highest lordship, He whose community’s (Ummah) virtues include what was narrated from him that he said: “Indeed, when the Torah was revealed to Moses (peace be upon him) and he read it, he found in it the mention of this community. He said: ‘O Lord, I find in the Torah a community who are the last but the foremost; make them my community.’ Allah the Exalted said: ‘That is the community of Ahmad.’” O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, The mountain of the most righteous path, and the intercessor for the red and the black, He whose community’s (Ummah) virtues include what was narrated: Moses (peace be upon him) said: “O Lord, I find in the Tablets a community whose Gospels are in their hearts; they recite them and place charity in their bellies, for which they are rewarded. Make them my community.” Allah the Exalted said: “That is the community of Ahmad.” O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, (127) The crown of prophethood and the glorified message, and the sultan of Your kingdom, by whom every station and witness is honored, He whose community’s (Ummah) virtues include what was narrated: Moses (peace be upon him) said: “O Lord, I find in the Tablets a community who consume the spoils (fay’). When one of them intends a good deed but does not do it, one good deed is recorded for him; if he does it, ten good deeds are recorded. When one of them intends an evil deed but does not do it, it is not recorded against him; if he does it, one evil deed is recorded. Make them my community.” Allah the Exalted said: “That is the community of Ahmad.” O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Possessor of the pure, well-laid religion, and the decisive, supported sword of truth, He whose community’s (Ummah) virtues include what was narrated: Moses (peace be upon him) said: “O Lord, I find in the Tablets a community who are given the first knowledge and the last knowledge, and they kill the False Messiah (al-Masih al-Dajjal). Make them my community.” Allah the Exalted said: “That is the community of Ahmad.” O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Possessor of sound, right-guided opinion, and comprehensive, supported good, He whose community’s (Ummah) virtues include what was narrated: Moses (peace be upon him) said: “O Lord, I find in the Tablets a community who are the best community brought forth for mankind, enjoining what is right, forbidding what is wrong, believing in the first Book and the last Book, and fighting the people of misguidance. Make them my community.” Allah the Exalted said: “That is the community of Muhammad.” O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master (128) and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, The string of arranged jewels, and possessor of the kohl-rimmed eye and the radiant, rosy cheek, He whose community’s (Ummah) virtues include what was narrated: Moses (peace be upon him) said: “O Lord, I find in the Tablets a community who are the praisers (al-Hammadun), the shepherds of the sun, the resolute ones. When they intend a matter, they say: ‘We will do it, if Allah wills (In sha’ Allah).’ Their expiation and alms (are accepted). The earlier ones used to burn their alms with fire. They are the responders, the ones whose prayers are answered, the intercessors. Make them my community.” Allah the Exalted said: “That is the community of Muhammad.” O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad.

The sword of truth, well-tempered, by whose message solid things and wild beasts are comforted and bear witness. Among the virtues of his community (may God bless him and grant him peace) is what is narrated: Moses (peace be upon him) said: "O Lord, I find in the Tablets a community such that when one of them ascends a height, he magnifies God, and when he descends into a valley, he praises God. The high ground is for them a means of purification, and the earth is for them a mosque. Wherever they are, they purify themselves from major impurity; their purification with earth is like their purification with water when they do not find it, without being prevented from the traces of ablution. Make them my community." God Almighty said: "That is the community of Muhammad." O God, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, from whose love in the hearts of believers is renewed, and by the sight of his radiant countenance the burning pain of intense longing and confirmed passion is cooled. Among the virtues of his community (may God bless him and grant him peace) is what is narrated ²⁹⁴: Moses (peace be upon him) said: "O Lord, I find in the Tablets a community that is shown mercy, weak, who inherit the Book, those whom I have chosen. Among them are some who wrong themselves, some who are moderate, and some who are foremost in good deeds. None of them is but shown mercy. They wear the garments of the people of Paradise and stand in rows in their prayer like the rows of angels. Their voices in their mosques are like the buzzing of bees. Make them my community." God Almighty said: "That is the community of Muhammad." O God, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of the strivers and the patient, the model for those who persist in doing good deeds continuously. Among the virtues of his community (may God bless him and grant him peace) is what is narrated: When Moses (peace be upon him) saw its excellence, he said: "O Lord, make me of the community of Muhammad (may God bless him and grant him peace)." God Almighty said: "O Moses, I have chosen you above the people by My messages and by My speech; so take what I have given you and be among the grateful." The messengers wished to be of his community, to increase in closeness. We have indeed been favored with a great distinction, that we have gained affiliation with his religion. O God, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who are adorned with the garments of might, honor, and perfection, and the most excellent of those who are crowned with the crown of awe and beauty. Among the virtues of his community (may God bless him and grant him peace) is what is narrated from Anas (may God be pleased with him): The Messenger of God (may God bless him and grant him peace) said: "God Almighty revealed to Moses, the prophet of the Children of Israel: 'Whoever meets Me while denying Ahmad, I will create the Fire for him.' He said: 'O Lord, who is Ahmad?' He said: 'I have not created any creature more honorable to Me than him. I wrote ²⁹⁵ his name with My name on the Throne before I created the heavens and the earth. Indeed, the community of Muhammad is honored above all My creation until he and his community enter it.' He said: 'And who is his community?' He said: 'Those who praise much, praising on ascents and descents and in every state. They drink from their middles and purify their extremities. They fast by day and are monks by night. I accept from them the little and admit them to Paradise by the testimony that there is no god but God.' Moses said: 'Make me a prophet of that community.' He said: 'Its prophet is from it.' He said: 'Make me of the community of that prophet.' He said: 'It has been settled and delayed, but I will gather you and him in the Abode of Majesty.'" O God, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of the upright religion, the best of those who guided Your servants to the straight path. Among the virtues of his community (may God bless him and grant him peace) is what is narrated from Wahb ibn Munabbih: God revealed to Shu'ayb: "I am sending an unlettered prophet with whom I will open deaf ears, sealed hearts, and blind eyes. His birthplace is Mecca, his emigration is Taybah, and his kingdom is in Syria. I have named him My servant, the Trusting, the Chosen, the Elevated, the Beloved, the Selected. He does not repay evil with evil, but pardons, forgives, and is merciful to the believers. He weeps for the overburdened beast and weeps for the orphan in the care of the widow. He is not harsh, nor coarse, nor a clamorer in the markets, nor does he commit obscenity, nor does he speak foulness. If he passes by a lamp, he does not extinguish it due to his serenity, and if he walks on dry reeds, no sound is heard from under his feet. I send him as a bearer of good tidings and a warner, and I make his community the best community brought forth for mankind, commanding good and forbidding evil, affirming My oneness, believing in Me, being sincere to Me, and believing what My messengers have brought. They are the shepherds of the sun and the moon. Blessed are those hearts, faces, and souls that are sincere to Me. I inspire them with glorification, magnification, praise, and declaration of My oneness in their mosques, their gatherings, their beds, their movements ²⁹⁶, and their dwellings. They stand in rows in their mosques like the rows of angels around the Throne. They are My friends and My helpers. Through them I take vengeance on My enemies, the idol worshippers. They pray to Me standing, sitting, bowing, and prostrating. They leave their homes and wealth seeking My pleasure, in thousands, and they fight in My way in ranks. I seal the books with their Book, the laws with their Law, and the religions with their Religion. Whoever reaches them and does not believe in their Book and enter..."

Whoever follows their religion and law is not of me, and I am innocent of him. Make them the best of nations, and make them a middle nation, witnesses over mankind. When they are angry, they say 'Allahu akbar'; when they dispute, they glorify [Allah]. They purify their faces and limbs, and they fasten their garments to the waist, and they say 'Allahu akbar' upon hills and high places. Their monks are their blood, and their Gospels are in their hearts; monks by night, lions by day. Blessed is he who is with them and follows their religion, their path, and their law. That is My favor which I bestow upon whom I will, and I am the Possessor of great favor. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your Prophet whose religion is preserved from alteration and change, and Your Beloved specially honored and exalted. Among the distinctive qualities of his community, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, are the permissibility of spoils, the ritual bath after sexual impurity, dry ablution [tayammum], and the white blaze and white socks [on the forelegs of horses]. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the noblest in character, the most excellent of all beings absolutely. Among the distinctive qualities of his community, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, are the five prayers combined, the takbir at the beginning of prayer, saying 'Amin' after the supplication, bowing in prayer, congregational prayer, rows, Friday prayer, and greeting with 'salam' when meeting. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who pardon and forgive, the possessor of might, victory, and triumph. Among the distinctive qualities of his community, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, are the hour of response on Friday, the call to prayer [adhan], the second call [iqama], the two Eid prayers, the eclipse prayers, the prayer for rain, the witr prayer, and shortening prayer while traveling. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whose signs You supported, whom You made strong and aided, and for whom You placed in the hearts of Your believing servants confirmed love and affection. Among the distinctive qualities of his community, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, are combining two prayers while traveling and at home, the funeral prayer, jihad, and that on the first night of Ramadan, Allah looks upon them with a look of mercy and forgiveness; and whoever Allah looks upon with a look of mercy and forgiveness will never be punished. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best for whom the believer sacrifices his soul and wealth in love and pleasure, the most excellent toward whom yearning souls long for his sight and vision. Among the virtues of his community, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, are that Allah distinguished them with the Night of Power [Laylat al-Qadr], saying 'Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un' at times of affliction, and removing from them the heavy burden that was upon those before them; and there is no power nor strength except with Allah. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the sun of prophethood and messengership, through whom Allah saved creation from the darkness of ignorance. Among the distinctive qualities of his community, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, are that Allah removed from them error, forgetfulness, and what they are coerced into; He made pilgrimage obligatory upon them; He made their law the most complete of laws; their consensus is a proof, their difference a mercy, and they do not unite upon error. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the noblest of prophets in lineage, the most balanced in intellect and correct opinion. Among the distinctive qualities of his community, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, are that Allah made the description of Islam exclusive to them, that the plague is for them a martyrdom and mercy, that they are the least of nations in deeds and the greatest in reward. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the most knowledgeable of creation about Allah, the most reliant upon Him, the greatest in desire for truth, acceptance, and submission. Among the distinctive qualities of his community, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, are that they were given the classification of books and the chain of transmission [isnad] for hadith, that they enter their graves with their sins and emerge forgiven, and that among them are the poles [aqtab] and pegs [awtad]. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the star of felicity, the fulfiller of covenants. Among the distinctive qualities of his community, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, are that Allah distinguished them as the first for whom the earth will split open, that they will drink from the basin [hawd] of their Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that they will be on the Day of Standing in a high and elevated place, and that they have a mark on their faces from the effect of prostration. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the greatest of creation in reward and recompense; through the blessing of invoking blessings upon him, the servant benefits in the grave and is made firm in answering. Among the distinctive qualities of his community, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, are that they will be given their books in their right hands, that their light will run before them, that they will be reckoned and enter Paradise before all other nations, and that they will have what they strove for and what was striven for them, upon correctness. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the conqueror of adversaries and disbelievers, the beloved of the One, the Subduer. Among the distinctive qualities of his community, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, are that seventy thousand of them will enter Paradise without reckoning, and with each one, seventy thousand; that on the Day of Resurrection, a disbeliever will be given as a ransom for each of them; and [the practices of] using stones for cleansing [istijmar], purifying impurity with water, and forgiveness of sins through seeking forgiveness [istighfar]. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the compassionate, the affectionate, the best of all who pluck from the flowers of Your love. Among the distinctive qualities of his community, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, are that Allah distinguished them with the toothstick [siwak], the prohibition of speaking during prayer, the 'aqiqa [sacrifice] for a female child, endowment [waqf], bequeathing one-third, making regret for them repentance, the pre-dawn meal [suhur], hastening to break the fast, that if two of them testify for a servant, Paradise becomes obligatory for him, and that they will pass over the bridge [sirat] like a flashing lightning. A chapter on what Allah specially granted him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, of the honors of the Night Journey [Isra'] and what he saw of the greatest signs of his Lord. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of signs, specially distinguished with the strongest decisive proofs. The story of the Night Journey was among his most famous miracles, the clearest of his evidences, and the greatest of his signs indicating his distinction with universal honors. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of comprehensive good and renowned virtue, whom You aid and support in every state. Allah Most High exalted his rank, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, by His words: 'Exalted is He who took His Servant by night from al-Masjid al-Haram to al-Masjid al-Aqsa, whose surroundings We have blessed, to show him of Our signs. Indeed, He is the Hearing, the Seeing.'

O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad ²⁹⁷, the subduer of the people of disbelief and transgression, and the gatherer of the monotheists, the people of truth and faith, who, when he was taken by night ²⁹⁸—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—in a waking state, spirit and body, from the Stone ²⁹⁹ to the Holy House ³⁰⁰, and led the prophets in prayer, among them Abraham, Moses, Jesus, David, and Solomon. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom You have taken as a guide to You and a proof, and whose station among the prophets You have made a glorious station, concerning whom the scholars have said: He was taken by night only at night to enable the specification of the station of love, for He—mighty and majestic—took him—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—as a beloved and a friend ³⁰¹. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the descendant of noble masters, the commander of the divine presence ³⁰² of glorious station, concerning whom the people of allusion ³⁰³ have said regarding his Night Journey—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—that Allah—exalted is He—just as He obliterated the sign of the night and made the sign of the day visible, the night was broken, so He mended it by taking our master Muhammad—peace be upon him—on a journey within it. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the model of the generous and the scholars, the pride of the gnostics and the noble people of love, concerning whom it is related from some of the people of allusion: When the day boasted over the night because of the sun, it was said to it: Do not boast, for if the sun of this world shines in you, then the sun of existence will be taken up to heaven during the night. I said: O my master, why did you prefer the night over the brightness of the radiant day? He said: I cannot change my nature; such is the case with the rising of full moons. I only visited in the darkness so that the night might shine from the rays of light. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the ultimate object of my desire, my refuge, and my support, and the one whose praise and blessings upon him are the utmost of my aim and intention, concerning whom it is related that he—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said: While I was sleeping in the Hijr ³⁰⁴ lying down, someone came to me and split from here to here—meaning from his throat to his pubic area—and took out my heart. Then a golden basin filled with faith was brought to me, and he washed it, then filled it, then returned it. Then I was brought a beast ³⁰⁵ larger than a donkey and smaller than a mule, white, placing its hoof at the farthest extent of its sight. I was mounted upon it, and Gabriel set off with me until he reached the lowest heaven and asked for it to be opened. It was said: Who is this? He said: Gabriel. It was said: And who is with you? He said: Muhammad. It was said: Has he been sent for? He said: Yes. It was said: Welcome to him; what an excellent arrival! So it was opened for him. When I entered, there was Adam. He said: This is your father; greet him. So I greeted him, and he returned the greeting, then said: Welcome to the righteous son and righteous prophet. Then he ascended with me to the second heaven and asked for it to be opened. It was said: Who is this? He said: Gabriel. It was said: And who is with you? He said: Muhammad. It was said: Has he been sent for? He said: Yes. It was said: Welcome to him; what an excellent arrival! So it was opened. When I entered, there were John and Jesus, who are maternal cousins. He said: This is John and Jesus; greet them. So I greeted them, and they returned the greeting, then said: Welcome to the brother and righteous prophet. Then he ascended with me to the third heaven and asked for it to be opened. It was said: Who is this? He said: Gabriel. It was said: And who is with you? He said: Muhammad. It was said: Has he been sent for? He said: Yes. It was said: Welcome to him; what an excellent arrival! So it was opened for him. When I entered, there was Joseph. He said: This is Joseph; greet him. So I greeted him, and he returned the greeting, then said: Welcome to the righteous brother and righteous prophet. Then he ascended with me until he reached the fourth heaven and asked for it to be opened. It was said: Who is this? He said: Gabriel. It was said: And who is with you? He said: Muhammad. It was said: Has he been sent for? He said: Yes. It was said: Welcome to him; what an excellent arrival! So it was opened. When I entered, there was Idris ³⁰⁶. I greeted him, and he returned the greeting, then said: Welcome to the righteous brother and righteous prophet. Then he ascended with me until he reached the fifth heaven and asked for it to be opened. It was said: Who is this? He said: Gabriel. It was said: And who is with you? He said: Muhammad. It was said: Has he been sent for? He said: Yes. It was said: Welcome to him; what an excellent arrival! So it was opened. When I entered, there was Aaron. He said: This is Aaron; greet him. So I greeted him, and he returned the greeting, then said: Welcome to the righteous brother and righteous prophet. Then he ascended with me until he reached the sixth heaven and asked for it to be opened. It was said: Who is this? He said: Gabriel. It was said: And who is with you? He said: Muhammad. It was said: Has he been sent for? He said: Yes. It was said: Welcome to him; what an excellent arrival! So it was opened. When I entered, there was Moses. He said: This is Moses; greet him. So I greeted him, and he returned the greeting, then said: Welcome to the righteous brother and righteous prophet. When I passed by him, he wept. It was said to him: What makes you weep? He said: I weep because a young man sent after me will enter Paradise from his community more than those who enter it from my community. Then he ascended to the seventh heaven and Gabriel asked for it to be opened. It was said: Who is this? He said: Gabriel. It was said: And who is with you? He said: Muhammad. It was said: Has he been sent for? He said: Yes.

He welcomed me, and what a welcome! When I had finished, there was Abraham, who said: 'This is your father Abraham; greet him.' So I greeted him, and he returned my greeting, then said: 'Welcome to the righteous son and the righteous Prophet.' Then I was raised to the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary ³⁰⁷, and behold, its fruits were like the jars of Hajar ³⁰⁸, and its leaves were like the ears of elephants. He said: 'This is the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary.' And there were four rivers: two hidden rivers and two visible rivers. I asked: 'What are these, O Gabriel?' He replied: 'The hidden ones are two rivers in Paradise, and the visible ones are the Nile and the Euphrates.' Then I was raised to the Much-Frequented House ³⁰⁹, which is entered daily by seventy thousand angels. Then I was brought a vessel of wine, a vessel of milk, and a vessel of honey. I chose the milk, and Gabriel said: 'This is the natural disposition ³¹⁰ upon which you and your nation are.' Then the prayer was prescribed for me: fifty prayers every day. So I returned and passed by Moses, who asked: 'What have you been commanded?' I said: 'I have been commanded fifty prayers every day.' He said: 'Your nation cannot bear fifty prayers every day. By Allah, I have tested people before you and dealt with the Children of Israel most severely. Go back to your Lord and ask Him for a reduction for your nation.' So I went back, and He reduced ten for me. Then I returned to Moses, and he said the same. I went back, and He reduced ten more. Then I returned to Moses, and he said the same. I went back, and I was commanded ten prayers every day. Then I returned to Moses, and he said the same. Then I was commanded five prayers. I returned to Moses, and he asked: 'What have you been commanded?' I said: 'I have been commanded five prayers every day.' He said: 'Your nation cannot bear five prayers every day. I have tested people before you and dealt with the Children of Israel most severely. Go back to your Lord and ask Him for a reduction for your nation.' I said: 'I have asked my Lord until I am ashamed, but I am satisfied and submit.' When I passed on, a caller called out: 'I have decreed My obligation and lightened it for My servants.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, who is without peer, likeness, or similitude, and the best of those whose hadith is narrated and from whom transmission is made. It is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: 'I was brought the Buraq ³¹¹, a white, long beast, larger than a donkey but smaller than a mule, which places its hoof at the farthest extent of its sight. I rode it until I reached the Sacred House ³¹² in Jerusalem, and I tied it to the ring used by the prophets. Then I entered the mosque and prayed two rak'ahs ³¹³. Then I came out, and Gabriel brought me a vessel of wine, a vessel of milk, and a vessel of honey. I chose the milk, and Gabriel said: 'You have chosen the natural disposition.' Then he ascended with me to the lowest heaven. Gabriel asked for entry, and it was said: 'Who are you?' He said: 'Gabriel.' It was said: 'Who is with you?' He said: 'Muhammad.' It was said: 'Has he been sent for?' He said: 'Yes.' So the door was opened for us, and there was Adam, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who welcomed me and prayed for good for me. Then he ascended with me to the second heaven, and Gabriel asked for entry. It was said: 'Who are you?' He said: 'Gabriel.' It was said: 'Who is with you?' He said: 'Muhammad.' It was said: 'Has he been sent for?' He said: 'Yes.' So the door was opened for us, and there were the two maternal cousins, Jesus son of Mary, peace be upon him, and John son of Zechariah, may Allah bless them and grant them peace, who welcomed me and prayed for good for me. Then he ascended with me to the third heaven, and he mentioned the same. The door was opened for us, and there was Joseph, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he had been given half of beauty. He welcomed me and prayed for good for me. Then he ascended with me to the fourth heaven, and he mentioned the same. There was Idris ³¹⁴, peace and blessings be upon him, who welcomed me and prayed for good for me. Allah Almighty says: 'And We raised him to a high station.' ³¹⁵ Then he ascended with me to the fifth heaven, and he mentioned the same. There was Aaron, who welcomed me and prayed for good for me. Then he ascended with me to the sixth heaven, and he mentioned the same. There was Moses, peace be upon him, who welcomed me and prayed for good for me. Then he ascended with me to the seventh heaven, and he mentioned the same. There was Abraham, leaning his back against the Much-Frequented House, and seventy thousand angels enter it daily and never return to it. Then he took me to the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary, and its leaves were like the ears of elephants, and its fruits were like jars. When it was covered by what covered it of the command of Allah, it changed, and no one of Allah's creation can describe its beauty. Then Allah revealed to me what He revealed, and He prescribed for me fifty prayers every day and night. I descended to Moses, who asked: 'What has your Lord prescribed for your nation?' I said: 'Fifty prayers.' He said: 'Go back to your Lord and ask Him for a reduction, for your nation cannot bear that. I have tested the Children of Israel and know them.' So I returned to my Lord and said: 'My Lord, lighten for my nation.' So He reduced five for me. He said: 'Your nation cannot bear that. Go back to your Lord and ask Him for a reduction.' I kept going back between my Lord, Exalted is He, and Moses until He said: 'O Muhammad, they are five prayers every day and night, each prayer counting as ten, so that is fifty prayers. Whoever intends a good deed and does not do it, it is recorded as a good deed; if he does it, it is recorded as ten. Whoever intends an evil deed and does not do it, it is not recorded as anything; if he does it, it is recorded as one evil deed.'

Her deed, one evil deed was recorded against her. He said: So I descended until I reached Moses and informed him. He said: Return to your Lord and ask Him for reduction. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: I have returned to my Lord until I felt shy before Him. O Allah, bless and grant peace to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the most abundant of prophets in reward and recompense, and the best of those who sought forgiveness from Allah Almighty and repented to Him, who, when the Buraq ³¹⁶ was brought to him, Gabriel was holding its stirrup and Michael was holding its reins, and it became unruly with him, so Gabriel said to it: What made you do this? No creation more honorable to Allah than him has ever ridden you, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. So it shook and sweat poured from it because of this rebuke. O Allah, bless and grant peace to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the unique pearl of the necklace of order, and the opening of every remembrance and speech, about whom it is narrated that when he was taken on the Night Journey ³¹⁷ and led the angels in prayer, and the prayer was completed, they said: O Gabriel, who is this with you? He said: This is the Messenger of Allah, the Seal of the Prophets. They said: Has he been sent? He said: Yes. They said: Allah has greeted him as a brother and as a successor; what an excellent brother and what an excellent successor! Then they met the spirits of the prophets, and they praised their Lord. Abraham said: Praise be to Allah who took me as a friend ³¹⁸ and gave me a great kingdom, and made me a nation obedient, to be followed, and saved me from the fire (142) and made it cool and safe for me. Moses said: Praise be to Allah who spoke to me directly and chose me, and sent down the Torah to me, and caused the destruction of Pharaoh and the salvation of the Children of Israel at my hands, and made from my community a people who guide by truth and do justice thereby. David said: Praise be to Allah who gave me a great kingdom, taught me the Psalms, made iron soft for me, subjected the mountains to glorify [Him] and the birds, and gave me wisdom and decisive speech. Solomon, peace be upon him, said: Praise be to Allah who subjected the winds to me, subjected the devils to work for me whatever I wished of sanctuaries and statues, taught me the speech of birds, gave me everything, subjected the armies of devils, humans, jinn, and birds to me, gave me a kingdom that is not fitting for anyone after me, and gave me a pure kingdom for which I am not to be called to account. Jesus, peace be upon him, said: Praise be to Allah who made me His Word, and made me like Adam, whom He created from dust, then said to him 'Be,' and he was; taught me the Book, Wisdom, the Torah, and the Gospel; made me create from clay the likeness of a bird, then I breathe into it and it becomes a bird by Allah's permission; heal the blind and the leper, and raise the dead by Allah's permission; and raised me, purified me, protected me, and secured me from the accursed Satan, so that Satan had no way [to me]. And our master Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'All of them praised their Lord, and I praised my Lord, saying: Praise be to Allah who sent me as a mercy to the worlds, a bearer of good tidings and a warner to all people; sent down to me the Criterion ³¹⁹ in which is the clarification of everything; made my community the best community brought forth for mankind; made my community a middle community; made my community the first and the last; expanded my breast, removed my burden, raised my remembrance, and made me the opener and the seal.' Then Abraham said: By this, Muhammad, peace be upon him, has excelled you. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and grant blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, Your noble Prophet, the master of every master and majestic one, about whom it is narrated that on the night of his Isra' ³¹⁷, Gabriel brought him the Mi'raj ³²⁰ from the Garden of Firdaws ³²¹, adorned with pearls, with angels on his right and angels on his left, and the creatures never saw anything more beautiful than it. And a ladder of silver and a ladder of gold were set for him until he and Gabriel ascended. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and grant blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom You aided against the enemies of Your religion and to whom You granted Your strength and power, and the most excellent of those through whom You spread Your vast mercy and favor to Your beloved ones, about whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'I reached the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary ³²²; from its base flow rivers of water not stagnant, rivers of milk whose taste does not change, rivers of wine delightful to drinkers, and rivers of purified honey. It is a tree under whose shade a rider travels for seventy years, and a single leaf of it provides shade for all creation. Then a light covered it, and angels covered it.' He said: That is His saying, Exalted is He: 'What covers [it]' ³²³. Then He, Blessed and Exalted, said to him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: 'Ask.' He said: 'Indeed, You took Abraham as a friend and gave him a great kingdom; You spoke to Moses directly; You gave David a great kingdom and made iron soft for him; You gave Solomon a great kingdom and subjected to him the jinn, humans, and devils, and gave him a kingdom not fitting for anyone after him; You taught Jesus the Torah and the Gospel, and made him heal...

the blind and the leper, and you restored him and his mother from the accursed Satan, so he had no power over them. His Lord said to him: 'I have taken you as a beloved one, and it is written in the Torah: Muhammad is the Beloved of the All-Merciful.' ³²⁴ And I sent you to all mankind, and I made your community the first and the last, and I made it so that no sermon is valid for them until they testify that you are My servant and My Messenger. And I made you the first of the prophets in creation and the last in sending, and I gave you the Seven Oft-Repeated ³²⁵ which I did not give to any prophet before you, and I gave you the concluding verses of Surat al-Baqara ³²⁶ from a treasure beneath the Throne, which I did not give to any prophet before you. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whose merit You made limitless and immeasurable, and whose love You planted in the hearts of Your knowing saints ³²⁷ so that they need no companion or intimate. It is narrated that when he, peace and blessings be upon him, was taken on the Night Journey ³²⁸, he passed by a land with palm trees, and Gabriel said to him: 'Descend and pray.' So he prayed, and Gabriel said: 'Do you know where you prayed?' He said: 'Allah knows best.' He said: 'You prayed at Yathrib.' ³²⁹ Then he passed by a white land, and Gabriel said: 'Descend and pray.' So he prayed, and Gabriel said: 'Do you know where you prayed?' He said: 'No.' He said: 'You prayed at Madyan.' ³³⁰ Then he passed by Bethlehem, and Gabriel said: 'Descend and pray.' So he prayed, and Gabriel said: 'Do you know where you prayed?' He said: 'No.' He said: 'You prayed at Bethlehem, where Jesus was born.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the lamp of darkness, the full moon, the best of those sent to mankind. When he, peace and blessings be upon him, was taken on the Night Journey, he traveled and suddenly there was an old woman on the side of the road. She said to him: 'O Muhammad, wait for me so I may ask you.' But he did not turn to her. He said: 'Who is this, O Gabriel?' He said: 'Proceed, O Muhammad.' So he proceeded as Allah willed, and suddenly there was an old man calling him, bent over and turning away from the road, saying: 'Come, O Muhammad.' Gabriel said to him: 'Proceed.' And he passed by a group who greeted him, saying: 'Peace be upon you, O First, peace be upon you, O Last, peace be upon you, O Gatherer.' ³³¹ Gabriel said: 'Return their greeting.' So he returned it, and he said: 'As for the old woman you saw on the side of the road, nothing remains of the world except what remains of that old woman's life. The one who called you was Iblis ³³², and the old woman is the world. Had you answered her, your community would have chosen the world over the Hereafter. As for those who greeted you, they are Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, peace be upon them.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the foremost and the near ones, the best of those who struggled against the disbelievers and the hypocrites. When he, peace and blessings be upon him, was taken on the Night Journey, he passed by a people who were sowing and reaping in one day; whenever they reaped, it returned as it was. He said to Gabriel: 'What is this?' He said: 'These are those who strive in the way of Allah; their good deeds are multiplied up to seven hundred times, and whatever they spend, He replaces it, and He is the Best of Providers.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the overflowing eye of mercy, through whom in this world and the next the servant attains his goal and desire. When he, peace and blessings be upon him, was taken on the Night Journey, he passed by a people whose heads were being crushed with rocks; whenever they were crushed, they returned as they were, and nothing of that ceased for them. He said: 'What is this, O Gabriel?' He said: 'These are those whose heads were heavy from the prescribed prayers.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the Beloved of the Glorious Lord, the Bridegroom of the Gardens, through whom adornment is made on the Day of Increase. ³³³ When he, peace and blessings be upon him, was taken on the Night Journey, he passed by a people who had patches on their fronts and patches on their backs, grazing like cattle, eating bitter thorny plants and zaqqum ³³⁴ and the hot stones of Hell. He said: 'Who are these, O Gabriel?' He said: 'These are those who do not pay the zakat ³³⁵ of their wealth, and Allah did not wrong them, and Allah is not unjust to His servants.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who have passed and those who are to come, through whose intercession hardships disappear and crises are removed. When he, peace and blessings be upon him, was taken on the Night Journey, he passed by a people before whom there was well-cooked meat in a good pot and raw meat in a bad pot, and they were eating the raw bad meat and leaving the well-cooked good meat. He said: 'Who are these, O Gabriel?' He said: 'This is a man from your community who has a lawful, good woman, but he goes to a bad woman and spends the night with her until morning, and the woman leaves her husband and spends the night with him until morning. These are the fornicators.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the key to the gate of Paradise, through the blessing of sending blessings upon him the believer is saved from every trial and affliction.

He upon whom be prayers and peace, when he was taken on the Night Journey (al-Isrā'), passed by a people whose tongues and lips were being clipped with scissors of iron; whenever they were clipped, they returned as they were, and nothing of that ceased from them. He said: "Who are these, O Gabriel?" He said: "These are the orators of discord (khutabā' al-fitnah)." O Allah, send prayers and blessings upon our master and lord Muḥammad and upon the family of our master Muḥammad, whose virtues are so great that no one can encompass or count them, and who demolished the houses of idols and destroyed them. He upon whom be prayers and peace, when he was taken on the Night Journey, came upon a small hole from which a great bull emerged, and the bull tried to return from where it came but could not. He said: "Who is this, O Gabriel?" He said: "This is the man who speaks a great word (kalimah 'aẓīmah) and then regrets it but cannot take it back." O Allah, send prayers and blessings upon our master and lord Muḥammad and upon the family of our master Muḥammad, the master of glories, and the best imam whom the generous and noble follow. He upon whom be prayers and peace, when he was taken on the Night Journey, came upon a valley and found in it a pleasant, cool fragrance and the scent of musk, and heard a voice. He said: "What is this, O Gabriel?" He said: "This is the voice of Paradise (al-Jannah) saying: 'My Lord, bring me what You have promised me, for my chambers, my brocade, my silk, my fine silk (sundus), my carpets ('abqarī), my pearls, my coral, my silver, my gold, my cups, my platters, my ewers, my honey, my water, my milk, and my wine have multiplied. So bring me what You have promised me.' He said: 'Yours are every Muslim man and woman, every believer man and woman, and whoever believes in My messengers and does righteous deeds, and does not associate anything with Me, and does not take rivals besides Me, and whoever fears Me is secure, and whoever asks Me I give him, and whoever lends to Me I reward him, and whoever relies on Me I suffice him. Indeed, I am Allah; there is no god but I; I do not break the promise.'" O Allah, send prayers, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muḥammad and upon the family of our master Muḥammad, pure of lineage, and the best of those who attain the utmost honor and nobility for whoever relies on him and is affiliated with him, even with the slightest affiliation. He upon whom be prayers and peace, when he was taken on the Night Journey, came upon a valley and heard a dreadful voice and found a foul odor. He said: "What is this, O Gabriel?" He said: "This is the voice of Hell (Jahannam) saying: 'My Lord, bring me what You have promised me, for my chains, my fetters, my blazing fire (sa'īr), my boiling water (ḥamīm), my pus (ghassāq), and my torment have multiplied, and my depth has become vast and my heat intense.' He said: 'Yours are every polytheist man and woman, every disbeliever man and woman, and every tyrant who does not believe in the Day of Reckoning.'" O Allah, send prayers, peace, and blessings upon our master Muḥammad and upon the family of our master Muḥammad, the choicest of prophets and noble messengers, and from whose noble excellences those who sought to enumerate them were exhausted. He upon whom be prayers and peace, when he was taken on the Night Journey, passed by a people whose bellies were like houses; whenever one of them tried to stand, he fell. He said: "O Gabriel, who are these?" He said: "They are the devourers of usury (akalat al-ribā)." And he saw another [table] upon which was good meat with no one [eating] it, and another upon which was rotten meat with people eating it. He said: "O Gabriel, who are these?" He said: "These are those who abandon the lawful (ḥalāl) and eat the unlawful (ḥarām)." O Allah, send prayers, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muḥammad and upon the family of our master Muḥammad, the purest of creation in spirit and body, and the greatest of them in forbearance, knowledge, and learning. He upon whom be prayers and peace, when he was taken on the Night Journey, passed by women suspended by their breasts and women hung upside down by their feet, and he heard them crying out to Allah. He said: "Who are these, O Gabriel?" He said: "They are those who commit adultery (yaznīna) and kill their children." And he passed by people from whose sides flesh was cut, and they would swallow it, and it was said to them: "Eat as you used to eat the flesh of your brother." He said: "O Gabriel, who are these?" He said: "These are the slanderers (al-hammāzūn) and fault-finders (al-lammāzūn) from your community (ummah)." And he passed by a people whose lips were like those of camels, swallowing embers that came out from their lower parts. He said: "Who are these, O Gabriel?" He said: "These are those who devour the wealth of orphans unjustly." O Allah, send prayers, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muḥammad and upon the family of our master Muḥammad, the best imam whom the righteous follow, and the most excellent prophet whose intercession the sinners hope for. He upon whom be prayers and peace, when he was taken on the Night Journey, saw in the dominion of Allah the Exalted men on piebald horses, armed with weapons, the height of each man being a thousand years, following one another; the first of them could not see the last, nor the last the first. He said: "O Gabriel, who are these?" He said: "Have you not heard the saying of the Exalted: 'And none knows the soldiers of your Lord except Him' (Qur'an 74:31)? I descend and ascend, and I see them passing like this; I do not know from where they come nor where they go." O Allah, send prayers, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muḥammad and upon the family of our master Muḥammad, the master of every martyr and truthful one (ṣiddīq), and the salvation of every perishing and drowning one. He upon whom be prayers and peace, when he was taken on the Night Journey, passed by a man who had tied a great bundle of firewood that he could not [carry]...

Carrying it while adding to it and wanting to carry it, so I said: 'Who is this, O Gabriel?' He said: 'This is the likeness of a man from your community upon whom are the trusts of people, unable to fulfill them, yet he adds to them.' Then he passed by a piece of wood on the road, upon which no garment passed without being torn, and nothing without being rent. I said: 'Who is this, O Gabriel?' He said: 'People from your community who cut off the road.' O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the truthful and the chosen, and the master of the righteous and the saints, from whom it is narrated, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: 'When we reached Jerusalem, Gabriel tied the Buraq ³³⁶ and I entered the Aqsa ³³⁷, then I turned to a porch filled with angels, and I saw the prophets in rows. I said: "O Gabriel, who are these?" He said: "Your brothers from among the prophets." Quraysh claimed that He has a partner, and the Jews and Christians that He has a son. Ask these messengers: Did He have a partner or a son?" So the saying of the Exalted descended: "And ask those We sent before you of Our messengers: Did We appoint besides the Most Merciful gods to be worshipped?" ³³⁸ So they all affirmed the Oneness of Allah the Exalted. Then Gabriel established the prayer and said: "Step forward, O most honored of creation before Allah." So he stepped forward, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and led the prophets in prayer.' O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who relied upon the Living who does not die, and the most excellent of all whose rank Allah raised in the realm of the Malakut ³³⁹, who, when he was taken on the Night Journey, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saw in the first heaven, which is of water and smoke, angels created from water and wind, over them an angel called Ar-Ra'd ³⁴⁰, who is entrusted with clouds and rain. And he saw in the second heaven, which is white marble, angels of various colors and forms, raising their voices saying: 'Glory be to the Possessor of Might and Majesty.' O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those to whom the lover poured out his longings and complained, and the most excellent prophet through whom every good increased and flourished, who, when he was taken on the Night Journey, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and ascended to the first heaven, said: 'Then there was a man sitting, with dark figures on his right and dark figures on his left. When he looked to his right, he laughed; when he looked to his left, he wept. He said: "Welcome to the righteous prophet and the righteous son." I said to Gabriel: "Who is this?" He said: "This is Adam, and these dark figures on his right and left are the souls of his children. Those on the right are the people of Paradise, and the dark figures on his left are the people of the Fire. When he looks to his right, he laughs; when he looks to his left, he weeps."' O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the spirit of the body of the cosmos and the secret of its meaning, the sun of existence, its full moon and its radiance, who, when he was taken on the Night Journey, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saw in the second heaven an angel, half of whose body from the head side was snow and the other half fire; neither did the fire melt the snow nor did the snow extinguish the fire, and he was standing calling out with a very loud voice: 'Glory be to my Lord who restrained the cold of this snow so it does not extinguish the heat of this fire, and the fire does not melt the snow. O Allah, O He who reconciled snow and fire, reconcile the hearts of Your believing servants.' I said: 'Who is this, O my brother Gabriel?' He said: 'This is an angel from among the angels whom Allah has entrusted with the regions of the heavens and the ends of the earth, and he is the most eloquent of the angels to the people of the earth for the believers, supplicating for them with what you hear. This has been his saying since Allah created him.' O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, who attained the utmost virtue and its pinnacle, and whose beauty surpassed every beauty and adorned it, who, when he was taken on the Night Journey, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saw in the third heaven, which is of iron, angels with wings and diverse faces, raising their voices in glorification, saying: 'Glory be to You; You are Allah, the Living who does not die.' And they are rows standing as if they were a well-built structure, none of them knowing the color of his companion out of fear of Allah. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of those who realize the realities of divine secrets and gnosis, and whose fame spread through the seven heavens and the sanctuaries of holiness and gardens, who, when he was taken on the Night Journey, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saw in the fourth heaven, which is of brass, angels who are weak while standing, bowing, and prostrating in various colors of worship. Allah sends an angel from among them for some matter of His, and the angel departs from them, then returns, and his companion next to him does not recognize him due to the intensity of worship. And they say: 'Subbuh ³⁴¹, Quddus ³⁴², there is no god but Allah, our Lord, the Most Merciful.'

O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, the crescent of prosperity, blessing, and happiness, the master of those of mastery, virtue, precedence, and leadership, who, when he was taken on the Night Journey ³⁴³, saw in the fourth heaven an angel in whose right thumb hollow were the sweet seas and in whose left thumb hollow were the salty seas, and he saw therein an angel in the form of a bird standing on the bank of a river. When the servant says 'There is no god but Allah' ³⁴⁴, it spreads its wings; when he says 'Praise be to Allah' ³⁴⁵, it enters the river; when he says 'Glory be to Allah' ³⁴⁶, it plunges into the river; when he says 'Allah is the Greatest' ³⁴⁷, it comes out of the river; and when he says 'There is no power and no strength except with Allah' ³⁴⁸, it shakes itself, and from every feather fall seventy thousand drops, and Allah creates from every drop an angel that seeks forgiveness for the one who said it until the Day of Resurrection. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of everyone whom You have drowned in the sea of Your love and contemplation, and the most excellent of everyone whom You have made intimate with You and adorned with the sash of Your might and happiness, who, when he was taken on the Night Journey, saw in the fifth heaven, which is of silver, angels exceeding the angels of the four heavens, and they are prostrating and bowing, not raising their eyes until the Day of Resurrection. When the Day of Resurrection comes, they say: 'Our Lord, we have not worshipped You as You deserve to be worshipped.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the clear proof and evidence, the beloved whose station no beloved or intimate friend has attained, who, when he was taken on the Night Journey, saw in the sixth heaven, which is of gold, the greatest army of Allah, and they are the Cherubim ³⁴⁹, whose number none but Allah the Exalted can count. Over them is an angel who has seventy thousand angels as his army, and each of those angels has seventy thousand angels as his army, and they are those whom Allah sends in His affairs to the people of the world, raising their voices with glorification ³⁵⁰ and declaration of His oneness ³⁵¹. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of everyone whose heart and tongue are pure, and the most compassionate, merciful, kind, and tender of creatures, who, when he was taken on the Night Journey, saw in the seventh heaven, which is of red ruby, angels exceeding those previously mentioned, and over them is an angel presiding over seven hundred thousand angels, among them armies like the drops of rain and the dust of sand and plains, and the number of... ...the best, kind, merciful, possessor of might, dominion, prophethood, and immense dignity, who, when he was taken on the Night Journey, saw the bearers of the Throne ³⁵², each of them having diverse faces and diverse eyes in his body, none resembling another, raising their voices with the declaration of His oneness, gazing at the Throne without ceasing. If an angel among them were to send his wing, it would cover the world with a feather from his wing. None knows their number except Allah. And the bearers of the Throne are eight; four of them say: 'Glory be to You, O Allah, and praise be to You, for Your forbearance after Your knowledge,' and four say: 'Glory be to You, O Allah, and praise be to You, for Your forgiveness after Your power,' responding to one another with a beautiful, merciful voice. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whose heart You split open and washed and filled with wisdom and light, and whose virtue You spread among creatures and manifested clearly, about whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'When I ascended to the seventh heaven, there was a gray-haired man sitting at the gate of Paradise on a throne, and with him were a group of people with white faces like the moon, and another group with some color in them. They entered a river and washed in it, and came out with some of their color removed; then they entered another river and washed in it, and came out with some of their color removed; then they entered another river and washed in it, and came out with their color completely removed, becoming like the white-faced ones. I said: "O Gabriel, who is this, and who are these who have some color, and what are these rivers?" Gabriel said: "This is your father Abraham, the first to become gray-haired and old in Islam on earth. As for these white-faced ones, they are a people who did not mix their faith with wrongdoing; those are the ones who have security and are guided. As for these people who have some color, they are a people who mixed a good deed with another evil one and repented, and Allah accepted their repentance. As for the rivers, they are four: the first is the mercy of Allah, the second is the blessing of Allah, the third is "and their Lord gave them a pure drink" ³⁵³.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your beloved for whom prophethood was preordained in eternity, and Your chosen one who witnessed the might of perfection in the rising glories of garments, about whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'Then Gabriel took me until he brought me to a river upon which were tents of ruby, pearl, and emerald, and upon it were green birds, the most delightful birds I have ever seen. Gabriel said: "This is the Kawthar ³⁵⁴ which Allah has given you." And behold, in it were vessels...'

O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your prophet distinguished by sublime might and highest glory, and Your beloved named with a number of Your most beautiful names, from whom it is narrated, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "I saw great wonders and thought that everyone in the heavens and the earth had been affected, for I heard nothing there of the voices of the angels, and the perception of everything was cut off from me ¹⁶⁴. Then a sense of desolation overtook me, so Gabriel handed me from behind: 'O Muhammad, Allah Almighty is praising you, so listen and obey.' So I began with praise of Allah, and those greetings are for Allah, and prayers, and good words. Then Allah Almighty said: 'Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings.' So I said: 'Peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of Allah.' Then Gabriel said: 'I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and messenger.' Then I was raised through the light of seven veils ³⁵⁵ with seventy thousand veils, no veil resembling another, and the perception of all that was cut off from me, and my familiarity ³⁵⁶. Then a sense of desolation overtook me, and at that point He handed me in the language of Abu Bakr ³⁵⁷: 'Stop, your Lord is sending blessings ³⁵⁸.' While I was pondering that, behold, a call from the Most High: 'Be gentle, O best of creation, be gentle, O best of creation, the Beloved.' So my Lord gentled me until I was as He said: 'Then He drew near and came down, and was at a distance of two bow-lengths or nearer ³⁵⁹.'" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, from whose blessing the heart is illuminated and distress is removed, the most extensive of creation in intercessory power ³⁶⁰ and the greatest of them in aspiration, who said: "My Lord asked me, and I could not answer Him. So He raised before me without modality ³⁶¹ or specification ³⁶², and I inherited through a vision before me, and He bequeathed to me the knowledge of the first and the last, and taught me diverse sciences. So He knew a matter that I was to conceal, and He knew what was good for me in it, and He knew that He commanded me to convey it to the elite and the common among the nation." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the treasury of Your mercy, the path of Your law, the bearer of the banner of Your might, and the eye of Your grace, from whom it is narrated ¹⁶⁵, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "I said: 'O Allah, a sense of desolation overtook me before my proximity to You. I heard a caller calling me in a language resembling the language of Abu Bakr, and he said to me: 'Stop, your Lord is sending blessings.' So I marveled at these two: Did Abu Bakr precede me to this station? And my Lord is independent of needing to send blessings.' He said: Then He handed me: 'I am the Independent, free of need to send blessings to anyone. I only say: Glory be to Me, Glory be to Me, My mercy preceded My wrath, as an acknowledgment of what He is, who sends blessings upon you, and His angels, "to bring you out of darkness into the light ³⁶³." So My blessing is mercy for you and your nation.'" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master Muhammad, the prophet of repentance, to whom the seeker of refuge flees, and in the dust of whose noble threshold the gray-haired rubs his face, from whom it is narrated that Allah Almighty said to him: "As for your companion, O Muhammad, your brother Moses, his familiar was the staff. When We wanted to speak to him, We said: 'And what is that in your right hand, O Moses?' He said: 'It is my staff,' and he was occupied with mention of the staff away from awe. Likewise you, O Muhammad, what was your familiar with your companion Abu Bakr? And that you were created, you and he, from one clay, and he is your intimate in this world and the Hereafter. We created an angel who calls you in his form, calling you in his language, so that the sense of desolation might leave you, lest it overtake you and cut you off from understanding what is intended from you of great awe." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, noble in character and most blessed in disposition, the messenger of mercy, manifest in glory, who, when he reached the highest station and attained vision, hearing of the address, and true unveiling, his Lord said to him: "O Muhammad, what about the need of Gabriel?" He, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "So I said: 'O Allah, You know best what he asked.' Then Allah Almighty said: 'I have answered him in what he asked, but only for those who love you and accompany you, O Muhammad.'" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, from love of whom comes the greatest obedience and proximity, and from the blessing of sending blessings upon him, sorrows are relieved and distresses removed, whose proximity to his Master and closeness to Him is not proximity of place nor closeness of distance; rather, what is meant by it is the confirmation of love and closeness, and the elevation of station and rank. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the guide of creation, the most sincere of them, the best of those who spoke with jewels of wisdom and the most eloquent language, who, when he drew near to the Beloved to the utmost closeness and prescribed for his nation the fifty prayers and spoke with Him face to face and saw of His greatest signs, the utmost awe overtook him, so He, glorified be He, treated him with the utmost gentleness. And that is His saying: "Then He revealed to His servant what He revealed ³⁶⁴," meaning: what was, was, and what happened, happened. And the Beloved said to His beloved in a secret hidden, and no one was informed of it, and no one knows what He revealed except the One who revealed.

O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the ultimate goal and aspiration, and the one through whose law God abrogated all other laws and creeds; concerning whom it is related that among what God revealed to him, peace and blessings be upon him, was: "Did I not find you an orphan and give you shelter? Did I not find you astray and guide you? Did I not find you in need and enrich you?" ³⁶⁵ "Did We not expand for you your breast? And We removed from you your burden which had weighed down your back? And We raised high for you your remembrance?" ³⁶⁶ And that Paradise is forbidden to the prophets until you enter it, and to the nations until your nation enters it; and You singled him out with the Kawthar Pond ³⁶⁷, so all the people of Paradise are your guests in water, while they have wine, milk, and honey. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the ultimate request and aim of the two kingdoms ³⁶⁸, and the best of those who stand in gratitude and praise to God; concerning whom it is related that when he, peace and blessings be upon him, reached the high stations and lofty ranks during the Ascension ³⁶⁹, God Most High revealed to him: "O Muhammad, with what have I honored you?" He said: "O Lord, with my relation to You through servitude." So God Most High sent down: "Glory be to Him who took His servant by night." ³⁷⁰ O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of bringers of glad tidings and warners, and the most excellent of all who cling to God, having no protector or helper besides Him; concerning whom, when he was taken on the Night Journey ³⁷¹, some of the people of spiritual allusions ³⁷² said: God Most High said: "O Muhammad, I have given you a light by which you see My beauty, and hearing by which you hear My speech. O Muhammad, I make you know through the tongue of the state ³⁷³ the meaning of your ascension to Me. O Muhammad, I sent you to mankind as a witness, a bringer of glad tidings, and a warner; and the witness is required to testify to the truth of what he witnesses. So I show you My Garden that you may witness what I have prepared therein for My friends, and I show you My Fire that you may see what I have prepared for My enemies. Then I make you witness My Majesty and unveil to you My Beauty, that you may know that I am transcendent in My Beauty from any likeness, peer, minister, or advisor." So he, peace and blessings be upon him, saw Him with the light with which He strengthened him, without perception or encompassment, as One, Eternal, not in anything, nor from anything, nor subsisting in anything, nor upon anything, nor seeking anything: "Nothing is like Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing." ³⁷⁴ Enjoy, My beloved, in My beauty and My manifestation ³⁷⁵, and take your cup of pure wine ³⁷⁶ as a gift from al-Safa ³⁷⁷; and may the sash of love overwhelm you, O most noble of creation, and My union and intimacy in the enclosure of My seclusion, with the wine of My attributes that has refreshed the spirit of My chosen one. Adorn yourself with the sash of My love upon My eye, and take the robes of nearness, intimacy, and meeting. Adorn yourself, whenever you wish, with the garments that have been adorned with the ornaments of My beauty, and have turned away from other than Me, My beloved, from all of creation. And let your glances roam over all the worlds, to witness what your call guides you to; but there is nothing in them that fills the eye and the intellect except the beauty of My Face in witnessing and vision. So you have no sufficiency in them other than Our Essence and the variegation of the fruits of attributes in My presence. And My great favor upon you I have confined, and in you the fruits of My mercy have ripened. At your door comes everyone who seeks from them a portion; otherwise, they would not attain the worth of a speck. Then the interpreter of the tongue of the beloved, peace and blessings be upon him, responded: My time became pure through my connection and my vision, and I became proud over the people of union ³⁷⁸ through my rank. I journeyed to meet the Beloved at dawn, and I had precedence over the noble ones. Every veil before my eye He removed, that I might see what is in the Throne of my Lord and my Garden. I observed His manifestations exclusively and described, and I let loose in its garden the bird of my glance. He strengthened my heart that I might see the light of His face, and my delight is perfected in the vision of the Essence. He manifested without how or where to me, and I saw with my heart what I saw with my eye ³⁷⁹ from the Holy, Eternal Presence. I applied kohl to my eye with the beauty that appeared from the Divine, Eternal Presence. He spoke gently to me openly with the eye of His address, and intoxicated my hearing with speech and my innermost being. He brought me near above the prophets and the angels, and said: "Draw near to Me, My beloved and My chosen one. Ask, and you shall be given what you hope from Me." I said: "I ask You for alleviation, my God, for my community." He said: "We have granted you what you asked, and We have increased it, for bestowing gifts is My nature." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of grace, generosity, kindness, and glory, and the gatherer of the scattered parts of the religion; concerning whom, when he was at the distance of two bow-lengths or nearer ³⁸⁰, he said: "O Lord, You have punished some nations by transformation ³⁸¹ and some by engulfing ³⁸²; what will You do with my community?" He Most High said: "Send down mercy upon them, and I will replace their evil deeds with good deeds. Whoever among them visits Me in his house ³⁸³, and whoever asks Me, I will give him; whoever relies on Me, I will suffice him. In this world I conceal the sinners, and in the Hereafter I will make you intercede for them. Were it not that the beloved must be reproached by his Beloved, I would not have called your community to account, O Muhammad." * For Ahmad ³⁸⁴ there is a limit, but for his thought there is no limit. * Marks upon him appeared to all, but not the limit. * The perfection of the Messenger of God is the most vast of vast things. * His noble qualities are like sand, which number cannot count. * He ascended to heaven when he rose high, seeking the highest. * He saw God, his Master, and good fortune aided him. * He became chief and was guided in speech. * Happiness, request, and love became clear to him. * The Master taught him all praises, * And named him entirely; for him praise was perfected. * He fulfilled for his Master the covenants of peace, * At the appointment of the markets ³⁸⁵, and he intentionally maintained contact. * He granted him what he sought, as long as people sought, * And all of them, regarding what Ahmad possessed, they rejected. * His Master granted him joy beyond measure, * Streams of honor come to him as a constant flow. * Upon Ahmad the Most High be fragrant peace, * And upon his family and companions, who are lions to mankind. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the supported and victorious, the possessor of manifest grace and the unfurled banner; concerning whom, when he was taken on the Night Journey, peace and blessings be upon him, and saw what he saw, and wished to depart, he said: "O Lord, every people has a gift from a journey; what is the gift of my community?" God Most High said: "O Muhammad, I am for them when they live together, and I am for them when they die, and I am for them in the graves, and I am for them at the Resurrection." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, our means ³⁸⁶ in this world and the next, and the one through whose blessing the anxiety that has befallen us and our nakedness ³⁸⁷ depart; concerning whom it is related that Gabriel said to him, peace and blessings be upon him, at the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary ³⁸⁸: "O Muhammad, I have made you the means in a need in which my stratagem has failed and my means have been cut off, so I am bewildered in thought and stunned in secret. O Muhammad, He bewildered me when He stopped me in the arena of His pre-eternity and post-eternity. I roamed in the first arena and found no beginning for Him; I roamed in the last arena, and behold, He is in the last the first. So I sought a companion to that company, and Michael met me on the way and said: 'Where to, when the roads are blocked and the doors are closed before Him? He is not described by limited places.' I said: 'Then what is your standing in this station?' He said: 'He occupied me with the measure of the seas and the sending down of rain.'"

the rains, and their sending to all regions, so I know how much foam is in the seas, and I know the rains and the falling of dew, and I do not know any limit to His Oneness ³⁸⁹. I said, "Then where is Israfil?" He said, "In the school of instruction, reading the likes of that (171) — the decree of the Almighty, the All-Knowing. His glance is restricted from seeing, and his heart is confined from thought, and he remains thus until he blows into the Trumpet ³⁹⁰." I said, "Come, let us ask the Throne ³⁹¹ and seek guidance from it, and copy what it has, and dictate from it." When the Throne heard what we were discussing, it trembled with joy and swayed in agitation, and said: "Do not speak of it in your heart, nor move your tongue with it, for this is a secret that no veil unveils, no door opens before it, and a question for which there is no answer. And who am I in the midst that I should know where He is? He preceded me in His Istiwā' ³⁹² and subdued me by His domination. Were it not for His Istiwā', I would not have been established; and were it not for His domination, I would not have been guided. By His might, He created me, and in the wilderness of His Oneness He bewildered me, and in the seas of His Oneness He drowned me. Sometimes He brings me near to the stations of His proximity and comforts me; sometimes He veils Himself from me with the veil of His might and makes me desolate; and sometimes He joins me with the cup of His love and intoxicates me. Whenever I become immersed in the revelry of my intoxication, I say, 'My Lord, show me [Yourself] that I may look at You,' and He says, with the tongue of His Oneness: 'You shall not see Me' ³⁹³. When I recovered from my intoxication, He said: 'O lover, this is a beauty that We have preserved, and a comeliness that We have guarded, so none sees it except an orphan whom We have raised, and a beloved whom We have chosen. So when you hear 'Glory be to Him who took His servant by night' ³⁹⁴, pause on the path of his ascension to Us and his arrival to Us, that you might see the one who sees Us.' O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of the exalted station and the lofty rank, the tongue of wisdom speaking every clear goodness, who, when he was taken by night (peace be upon him) and reached the Throne, the Throne clung to his garments and called out with the tongue of its state: 'O Muhammad, you are in the purity of your time, secure from your wrath. I make you witness the beauty of His Oneness and inform you of the majesty of His Self-Sufficiency ³⁹⁵. I am the one thirsting for Him, yearning, and compelled in Him; I do not know from which direction to approach Him. He made me the greatest of His creation, so I became greater than them in awe, and more than them in His compulsion, and more severe than them in fear of Him. O Muhammad, He created me, and I trembled at the awe of His majesty, so He wrote on my pillar: 'There is no god but Allah,' and I increased in trembling and quaking at the awe of His name, so He wrote: 'Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah,' and my anxiety subsided and my terror calmed. Thus your name became a pollinator for my heart and a tranquility for my secret. So this is the blessing of the writing of your name upon me; how then when the beauty of your gaze settles upon me?' O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your beloved who never played nor engaged in idle talk, and through whom You subdued all who wronged and transgressed among the enemies of Your religion. When he was taken by night (peace be upon him) and reached the Throne, it called out with the tongue of its state: 'O Muhammad, you are the messenger sent as a mercy to the worlds, and I must have a share of this mercy: that you bear witness for me of my innocence from what the people of falsehood have attributed to me and the people of delusion have transmitted about me. They claimed that I encompass the One who has no like, and that I contain the One who has no modality. O Muhammad, how can He who has no limit to His Essence and no number to His attributes be in need of me and be carried upon me, when the All-Merciful is His name, and Istiwā' is His attribute, and His attribute is connected to His Essence? So how can it be connected to Him and separate from me? O Muhammad, by His might, I am not near to Him by connection, nor far from Him by separation, nor subtle to Him by carrying. He brought me into existence as a mercy and favor from Him; and if He annihilated me, it would be a right and justice from Him. O Muhammad, I am carried by His power and wrought by His wisdom.' Then the tongue of the state of the Chosen One (may Allah increase him in favor and honor) answered: 'O Throne, away from me! I am occupied with you not; do not disturb my purity nor disrupt my solitude, for he (peace be upon him) did not turn his glance away from Him, nor did he read a single letter from the lines of what was revealed to him, and 'the sight did not swerve, nor did it transgress' ³⁹⁶.' ❖ My friend, there is none in the cosmos like Muhammad, ❖ The Prophet of guidance, the treasure of glorified rectitude. ❖ Through him the Compeller scattered the assembly of unbelief, ❖ And the darkness of doubt vanished from every guided one. ❖ Through him God proclaimed on earth and in heaven, ❖ For him He raised the rank in every gathering (173). ❖ Through him God took him by night to the heavens riding ❖ Upon the mount of honor, pleasant and abstracted. ❖ Through him all the inhabitants of the heavens rejoiced, ❖ Through him the angels and messengers became guided. ❖ Upon the Throne he saw Him greatest in a dwelling, ❖ He saw wonders from His blazing light. ❖ He showed him of the signs what is not among mortals, ❖ Strong to see Him, not to be refuted. ❖ The call came to him from his Lord: 'O Our beloved, ❖ Advance and do not fear My beauty, so witness.' ❖ So take this cosmos before you and judge, ❖ And ask what you wish, you will be given it unbound. ❖ He saw his Lord with his eyes and was alone with Him, ❖ So do not doubt concerning this Muhammad. ❖ Upon him be the prayer of God, then His peace, ❖ And upon his family and the Companions, with every follower. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad.

The possessor of the radiant face, the smooth cheek, and the kohl-lined eye with a reddish tint, from whom it is narrated that he, may God bless him and grant him peace, said to me: "Return to your people and convey from me, and when a veil of blazing fire had come between me and him, burning with a blaze whose intensity is known only to God, He granted me the green canopy ³⁹⁷ upon which I stood, and He made it protect me and raise me, then it swooped me down to Gabriel, and the canopy rose until it disappeared from me. Gabriel said: 'Rejoice, O Muhammad, for you are God's chosen from His creation and His elect from humanity. Indeed, the Merciful has brought you near to Him, near His Throne, to a place that none of the inhabitants of the heavens and the earths can reach.' So I praised God for that. Then he said: 'Proceed, O Muhammad, to Paradise so that I may show you what you have therein, that you may know that I do not fail after death, and thus gain additional renunciation to your renunciation and desire for the Hereafter to your desire.' So I went with him, and he guided me faster than an arrow until we reached Paradise by God's permission. Then Ridwan ³⁹⁸, the keeper of the Gardens, came forward, and behind him was Rifya'il ³⁹⁹, each of them accompanied by one hundred thousand angels, raising their wings and heads, pointing at me with their fingers, saying: 'God has honored this unlettered Prophet. Welcome, O Gabriel and those with you!' So Paradise was displayed to me, and its meadows were like pearls, its birds like the Bactrian camel ⁴⁰⁰, and therein were pearls of crystal ⁴⁰¹ and its soil was fragrant musk ⁴⁰²." O God, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, possessor of beautiful character, and upon him who weeps and wails much at the sight of his noble grave. It is narrated that when he, may God bless him and grant him peace, reached the gate of Paradise, Ridwan came forward with the angels of the veils, their faces like the full moon on the night of the full moon, the scent of musk emanating from their garments, crowned with crowns of light, their belts of emerald plates. When I entered it, my soul calmed and my fear left me. I left no place in it without seeing it. I saw palaces of pearl, ruby, emerald, and trees of red gold, their branches of pearl, their roots of silver, firmly planted in musk. And I saw a tree whose trunk was in a thickness ⁴⁰³ known only to God Almighty, and its branches were more numerous than the plants of the earth, and one of them would cover the world, and upon it were various kinds of good. I said: 'O Gabriel, what is this tree?' He said: 'It is for you, your wives, your children, and many of your community. Beneath this tree is a great angel and a magnificent life.' And I saw a river flowing from its base, whiter than milk and sweeter than honey, over pebbles of pearl, ruby, and white musk. Gabriel said: 'This is al-Kawthar ⁴⁰⁴, which your Lord has given you, and it is al-Tasnim ⁴⁰⁵, issuing from beneath the Throne to their dwellings and palaces.' Then he proceeded with me to another tree, and its leaves were fine garments of Paradise, red, white, yellow, and green, and its fruits were like large vessels ⁴⁰⁶ of various colors and fragrances. I said: 'O Gabriel, what is this tree?' He said: 'This is the one mentioned by God Almighty: "Those who believe and do righteous deeds, for them is blessedness ⁴⁰⁷ and a good return." It is for you, O Messenger of God, and for many of your community. For you in it is a good reception and long bliss.' O God, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, lofty in rank and station, whose noble face is more beautiful than any sun or moon. He said: "Then he took me and made me tour [Paradise]. There was a palace of red ruby, within which were seventy thousand palaces, in each palace seventy thousand houses, in each house seventy thousand rooms, in each room seventy thousand tents of white pearl, each with four thousand doors, the inside of the tent visible from the outside and the outside from the inside. Within it were couches of gold, that gold had a radiance, and the sun's radiance was overshadowed by pearl and jewels. Upon those couches were furnishings of silk brocade ⁴⁰⁸, and much jewelry whose description is beyond me. In each palace, house, and room were many trees, their trunks shaded by gold, their branches of ruby, their fruits like large vessels. In each tent were spouses from the houris ⁴⁰⁹; each of them was given a handful of desire, and if she gave away the light of the sun, she would pour it out and await her companion. Then He brought me out of Paradise, and we passed through the heavens descending from heaven to heaven. I saw Adam, Noah, Abraham, and Jesus, and I greeted them, and they received me with welcome and gladness, and all of them said: 'What have you done, O Prophet of Mercy?' I informed them, and they rejoiced at that, praised God, and asked for more for me. Then I returned with Gabriel, neither overtaking me nor being overtaken by me, until He placed me in the eighth [heaven?] on the earth that had carried me, and He showed me the wonders of the earth and what is in it. All that was in one night. So I am the master of the children of Adam, and I do not boast." O you whose merit is ancient with God * O master of creation, Arabs and non-Arabs O elect of the universe, O highest of people in rank * Exalted in existence, unequaled in greatness O you who encompass all good qualities * O you who ascend in the heaven of glory and generosity You are the one whose grace the Merciful spread * Across horizons and among all nations Were it not for you, no sun would rise or set * Were it not for you, no world would emerge from non-existence Who can match Ahmad in his virtues? * His light has dispelled the darkness around God took him on the Night Journey ⁴¹⁰ specially to His presence * Blessed is he, witness of the described with pre-eternity On Buraq ⁴¹¹ he ascended the seven heavens, and this * Gabriel was among the servants And the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary ⁴¹² he truly passed * And the Chosen One appeared as a light upon a banner Or the angels and messengers, and they had * The best Imam by permission of the Generous One He showed him His greatest signs and comforted him * And he saw the Throne and the Footstool ⁴¹³ with the Pen ⁴¹⁴ He called him in the presence of the Night Journey and brought him near * Nearness of station, not by walking on foot He gave him beyond what he desired and gave him glad tidings * Of every good that pleases him in the portions He gave him the keys of the universe and said to him * 'These are the treasures; take what you wish and decide' From the point of the secret He gave him to drink and His subtlety * By the rank of him whose time is with knowledge and wisdom He attained the station that none has attained * Muhammad, possessor of banners and flags So ask through him what you wish from God, and you will succeed * In every good; his intercession is not to be shyed from And call upon him when the night of calamities darkens, and say * Your word will be heard immediately, without suspicion O my master, O Messenger of God, O my support * O pure of heart, character, and nature O my master, O Messenger of God, O my hope * O lofty in rank, attributes, and aspirations O my master, O Messenger of God, take my hand * For other than your door in the goal I have not sought O my master, O Messenger of God, my sin weighs me down * And you are the most faithful of creation to covenants Far be it from you to be stingy with a servant who comes to you * With good opinion; whoever comes to your sanctuary is protected My aim is wealth and righteousness of state, O my master * My aim is healing for what is in the heart of sickness My aim is your intercession that encompasses me * And my parents, companions, and relatives My aim is to visit the noble grave and to * Be among the visitors of the sanctuary My aim, by your right with God, that You accept what * I have composed of praise in verse and words So that I may not be among those who praise in a state * But rather be honored and respected For you are the most generous whom a supplicant meets * Hoping for success and seeking safety from punishments

Your generosity has encompassed all people entirely, and you have surpassed the people of generosity and nobility in giving. Far be it from you to withhold from me what I desire, while your protection is among the most secure fortresses and refuges. I have never sought the Messenger of Allah ⁴¹⁵ in hope except that I awoke in goodness and blessings. May the God of the Throne bless him, and a sun and a moon appeared in the deep darkness, and his noble family and all his Companions, as long as the cooing doves in the groves repeat the blessings. O Allah, I ask You, O my Master, by the rank of this noble Prophet and the Messenger, the master of the great support, and by what was between You and him on the night of sweetness, manifestation, drawing near, and honoring, that You bless him and his family with a blessing ⁴¹⁶ that illuminates our hearts with the light of faith, makes us among the people of unveiling, witnessing, and gnosis ⁴¹⁷, and raises our status and standing among Your servants. O Allah, I ask You by the love of this Prophet, whom You singled out for the highest station, brought near, and drew close to the proximity of the Divine Presence, spoke to him at the distance of two bow-lengths or nearer ⁴¹⁸, honored him above all Your creation, and named him with the greatest of Your beautiful names, that You bless him and his noble family and his illustrious Companions with a blessing that becomes for us a means to fulfill every desire. And make us, O Allah, through it, among those upon whom You have bestowed blessings, from whom You have repelled afflictions, whom You have protected from the accidents of weeping and sickness, whose pages You have purified from great sins, and whom You have alerted on the Path on the Day when feet slip. And place me, my parents, my brothers, and those who love me in the protection of Your Messenger, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and seal for us all with happiness, and make us among the people of goodness and increase. Amen, O Lord of the worlds. The master of truthfulness and verification, the support of the people of spiritual knowledge and alleviation, about whom it is narrated that when he ⁴¹⁹ was taken by night to the Masjid al-Aqsa ⁴²⁰, he began to tell the people about it, and some of those who had believed apostatized. A man went to Abu Bakr ⁴²¹ and said to him, 'Do you know that your companion claims he was taken by night to Bayt al-Maqdis ⁴²²?' He said to them, 'If he said that, then he has spoken the truth.' They said, 'Do you believe that he went to Bayt al-Maqdis and came back before morning?' He said, 'I believe him in what is more distant than that: the news of heaven in a morning or an evening.' For that reason, he is called Abu Bakr al-Siddiq ⁴²³. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who are guided by his guidance, the most excellent of those who have won the race in the love of his Lord and attained His pleasure, who ⁴²⁴ when he returned from the Night Journey and related what he saw, Abu Bakr came to him and said, 'O Prophet of Allah, these people say that you came from Jerusalem tonight.' He said, 'Yes.' He said, 'Describe it to me, for I have visited it.' Then the House was raised up for him until he looked at it, and the Prophet began to describe it to Abu Bakr, and Abu Bakr said, 'You have spoken the truth. I bear witness that you are the Messenger of Allah.' O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of everyone to whom Allah has granted the secret of opening and understanding, the most excellent of those whom Allah has raised to the highest degree and the loftiest station, about whom it is narrated that when he returned from the journey of the Night Journey, he informed his people of what he saw and said to them, 'Among the signs is what I tell you: I passed by a camel of yours at Rawha' ⁴²⁵ while they had lost a camel of theirs, which so-and-so had collected, and their journey will be such that they will alight at such-and-such a place and come to you on such-and-such a day, preceded by a gray camel with a black sack and two saddlebags.' When that day came, the people looked out until near midday, when the caravan arrived, preceded by that camel as he described, peace be upon him. So He folded the earth as He traveled, and the high heavens above it were for him a Night Journey. Describe the night when the Chosen One was mounted on al-Buraq ⁴²⁶, and he ascended by it to the distance of two bow-lengths, and the lofty lordship was his. Stations before which hopes fall in despair, behind them from behind. Then he came relating to the people in gratitude, when the blessings from his Lord came to him. The second part ends with the praise of Allah Most High, His help, and His success, at the hand of its scribe, the servant of his Lord, the most contemptible of creatures and the weakest of them, the sinful, erring al-Zahir ibn Ibrik al-Zar'i al-Marrakishi ⁴²⁷ by birth, upbringing, and residence. May Allah forgive him, his parents, his teachers, those who love him, his relatives, everyone who calls for mercy and forgiveness for him, its copyist, reader, author, and all Muslim men and women, believing men and women, the living among them and the dead. The completion was on Sunday, 24 Jumada al-Ula, the year 1330 ⁴²⁸. O Allah, make the last minute of my life be 'There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah,' may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

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1. al-dhikr al-ḥakīm : The 'wise Remembrance' refers to the Quran, which is described as wise (ḥakīm) due to its profound wisdom and guidance.
2. al-ghāyat al-quṣwā : The 'utmost limit' or 'farthest goal' indicating the highest degree of perfection attainable by a human being, which only the Prophet Muhammad achieved.
3. awsaʿ al-ʿuqūl : The 'most expansive of intellects' meaning the most comprehensive and vast intellect, encompassing all knowledge and wisdom.
4. mā uḥādhiru fawtahu : Literally 'what I fear missing him'—Umar refers to his concern that if he were to strike Zayd, he might miss the opportunity to see the Prophet's forbearance and forgiveness, which would confirm the signs of prophethood.
5. al-insān al-kāmil : The Perfect Human; a Sufi term referring to the ideal human being who perfectly manifests divine attributes, often identified with the Prophet Muhammad.
6. maskh wa khasf : Transformation (maskh) refers to being turned into an animal or disfigured form; swallowing (khasf) refers to being swallowed by the earth. Both are punishments mentioned in Islamic tradition.
7. wāṣil wa murīd : A wāṣil is one who has reached God through spiritual realization; a murīd is a disciple or seeker on the Sufi path.
8. al-Ḥasan al-Sibṭ : Al-Hasan ibn Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, known as al-Sibṭ (the grandson).
9. nughar : A small bird, specifically a nightingale or similar, that children played with.
10. al-nughayr : A diminutive form of 'nughar', meaning a small bird. This is part of a famous hadith where the Prophet (peace be upon him) joked with a child named Abu 'Umayr about his pet bird.
11. al-qurfuṣā' : A sitting posture where one sits on the buttocks with knees drawn up and arms wrapped around the legs, or sitting cross-legged.
12. al-ḥāshir : One of the names of the Prophet Muhammad, meaning 'the Gatherer' – he will be the first to be resurrected and will gather people on the Day of Judgment.
13. al-'āqib : One of the names of the Prophet Muhammad, meaning 'the Final Prophet' – there is no prophet after him.
14. al-najm al-thāqib : A metaphorical description of the Prophet Muhammad as a 'piercing star', indicating his brilliance and guidance.
15. al-khuṣūṣiyyah wa al-sirr wa al-'irfān : Terms referring to special spiritual status, inner secrets, and gnostic knowledge in Sufi terminology.
16. al-wāḥid al-ṣamad : Two of the names of Allah: 'the One' and 'the Eternal, the Self-Sufficient'.
17. Rukana : Rukana ibn 'Abd Yazid, a famous wrestler of the Quraysh who later embraced Islam.
18. al-Bara' ibn 'Azib : A companion of the Prophet, known for narrating many hadiths.
19. Hunayn : A battle in 630 CE between the Muslims and the Hawazin tribe.
20. Hawazin : A large Arab tribe that fought the Muslims at Hunayn.
21. Sufyan ibn al-Harith : A companion who held the reins of the Prophet's mule during the battle.
22. 'Abd al-Muttalib : The grandfather of the Prophet Muhammad.
23. Anas : Anas ibn Malik, a close companion and servant of the Prophet.
24. Safwan ibn Umayya : A Quraysh leader who initially opposed Islam but later embraced it after the conquest of Mecca.
25. 'Ali : Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet, and the fourth caliph.
26. Ansar : The 'Helpers,' the Muslim inhabitants of Medina who supported the Prophet after his migration.
27. five hundred thousand thousand : A hyperbolic expression meaning an enormous number; literally 500,000,000.
28. Fatima : Fatima al-Zahra, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad and wife of Ali.
29. glorification : Arabic: tasbih, saying 'Subhan Allah' (Glory be to Allah).
30. magnification : Arabic: takbir, saying 'Allahu Akbar' (Allah is the Greatest).
31. praise : Arabic: tahmid, saying 'Alhamdulillah' (Praise be to Allah).
32. Suffa : A shaded platform in the Prophet's mosque in Medina where poor and homeless companions stayed.
33. Muhammad : The Prophet of Islam, peace be upon him.
34. Ahmad : Another name of the Prophet Muhammad, meaning 'most praiseworthy'.
35. al-Muhaymin : One of the names of Allah, meaning 'the All-Dominating' or 'the Guardian'.
36. al-Dhikr : The Remembrance, referring to the Quran.
37. Hadith : A saying or tradition of the Prophet Muhammad.
38. Yathrib : The former name of Medina, the city of the Prophet.
39. Aisha : The wife of the Prophet Muhammad, known for her knowledge and narrations.
40. Abu Huraira : A prominent companion of the Prophet, known for narrating many hadiths.
41. Sa'ir : One of the names of Hellfire.
42. Ibn Abbas : A cousin of the Prophet and a renowned scholar of the Quran.
43. Hawd : The celestial pool of the Prophet Muhammad in Paradise.
44. Sunna : The practices and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad.
45. Al-Hasan al-Basri : A famous early Islamic scholar and ascetic.
46. Sa' : A unit of measurement for dry volume, approximately 2-3 kilograms.
47. Hadith : A saying or tradition of the Prophet Muhammad.
48. al-Nu'man ibn Bashir : A companion of the Prophet and a narrator of hadith.
49. Urwa : Urwa ibn al-Zubayr, a prominent scholar and nephew of Aisha.
50. Ansar : The 'Helpers', the inhabitants of Medina who supported the Prophet after his migration.
51. Utba ibn Ghazwan : A companion of the Prophet and a military commander.
52. Samur : A type of acacia tree, the leaves of which were used as food in times of scarcity.
53. Arif : A gnostic or one who has deep spiritual knowledge of Allah.
54. Abu Hazim : A narrator of hadith, possibly Abu Hazim Salama ibn Dinar.
55. Sahl ibn Sa'd : A companion of the Prophet and a narrator of hadith.
56. manākhil : Plural of munkhul, meaning 'sieve'.
57. al-Nabī : The Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him.
58. Muhammad : The Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him.
59. al-Ḥaramayn : The two sanctuaries: Mecca and Medina.
60. al-qamarayn : The two moons: the sun and the moon.
61. Abū Ṭalḥa al-Anṣārī : A companion of the Prophet, known for his generosity.
62. Bilāl : Bilal ibn Rabah, the first muezzin of Islam.
63. Ibn ʿAbbās : Abdullah ibn Abbas, a cousin of the Prophet and a renowned scholar.
64. Jibrīl : The angel Gabriel, the messenger of revelation.
65. al-Ṣafā : A hill in Mecca, part of the Sa'i ritual.
66. sawīq : A type of roasted barley or wheat flour mixed with dates or sugar.
67. Isrāfīl : The angel responsible for blowing the Trumpet on the Day of Resurrection.
68. Tihāma : A region in the Arabian Peninsula, including Mecca.
69. al-jibāl al-shumm : The lofty mountains, metaphorically referring to worldly temptations.
70. tharīd : A dish of bread soaked in broth, often with meat.
71. ḥays : A mixture of dates, butter, and dried curd.
72. ʿAbdullāh ibn Jaʿfar : A companion of the Prophet, known for his generosity.
73. Abū Hurayra : A companion of the Prophet, known for narrating many hadiths.
74. ṣāʿ : A unit of dry measure used in Islamic law, approximately 2.5-3 kilograms.
75. mudd : A unit of dry measure, about 0.5-0.75 kilograms, often used for dates and grains.
76. shaykh : A spiritual master or teacher in Sufism.
77. murīd : A disciple or seeker in Sufism.
78. talbīnah : A barley porridge or soup, considered beneficial for health.
79. Sukyā : A place or wells known for sweet water near Medina.
80. Rahmat al-bilad wa al-'ibad : A phrase meaning 'mercy for the lands and servants,' emphasizing the Prophet's universal mercy.
81. Isra' : The Night Journey of the Prophet from Mecca to Jerusalem, and then his ascension to the heavens.
82. Shahid al-bashir : The witness and bringer of good news, referring to the Prophet's role as a witness over his community and a bearer of glad tidings.
83. Aqbiyat al-riyah : Garments or cloaks described as 'of the wind,' possibly a type of fine, light cloak.
84. Ka'b and Hatim : Famous pre-Islamic Arab figures known for their extreme generosity.
85. Khatam : The seal of prophethood, a physical mark between the Prophet's shoulder blades.
86. al-Sahab : Meaning 'the cloud,' the name of a turban worn by the Prophet.
87. Hibara : A type of striped Yemeni garment made of cotton or silk.
88. ʿĀʾisha : Aisha bint Abi Bakr, a wife of the Prophet Muhammad, known for her knowledge and narration of hadith.
89. the Prophet : Muhammad, the final prophet in Islam, peace and blessings be upon him.
90. mirṭ : A type of cloak or wrap, often made of wool or hair.
91. Malik ibn Nadla : A companion of the Prophet, known for this narration.
92. imam : A leader, especially in prayer or religious knowledge.
93. ʿUrwa ibn al-Zubayr : A prominent early Muslim scholar and narrator of hadith.
94. seal ring : A ring used for sealing documents, often engraved with the owner's name.
95. Ibn ʿUmar : Abdullah ibn Umar, a companion of the Prophet and prolific narrator.
96. well of Aris : A well in Medina, near the Quba Mosque.
97. Anas : Anas ibn Malik, a companion and servant of the Prophet, known for many narrations.
98. Abyssinian stone : A gemstone from Abyssinia (Ethiopia), possibly carnelian or similar.
99. al-Barāʾ : Al-Bara' ibn 'Azib, a companion of the Prophet.
100. mithqāl : A unit of weight, approximately 4.25 grams.
101. Negus : The title of the ruler of Abyssinia (Ethiopia) at the time of the Prophet.
102. Dihya : Dihya ibn Khalifa al-Kalbi, a companion known for his handsome appearance.
103. two straps : Sandals with two thongs, one between the big toe and second toe, and another between the third and fourth toes.
104. ʿĪsā ibn Ṭahmān : A narrator of hadith, a student of Anas ibn Malik.
105. jardaʾayn : Sandals without hair, i.e., made of smooth leather.
106. Thābit : Thabit al-Bunani, a narrator and student of Anas ibn Malik.
107. ʿUbayd ibn Jurayj : A narrator of hadith, known for questioning Ibn Umar.
108. sibtiyya sandals : Sandals made from tanned leather, possibly from the Sibt tribe or a type of fine leather.
109. ‘Ālij : A place known for its abundant sand; used metaphorically to indicate vastness.
110. tongue : Refers to the tongue-like flap or strap of the sandal.
111. Fatḥ : Likely the author’s name, meaning 'opening' or 'victory'.
112. Fatḥ al-Muta‘āl : Title of a work by al-Maqrī, meaning 'The Opening of the Most High'.
113. al-Maqrī : A scholar, possibly Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Maqrī (d. 1041/1632), known for works on the Prophet's sandal.
114. ‘Aqīq : A valley near Medina, often mentioned in poetry as a place of beloved memories.
115. al-budalā' wa al-afrād : Terms in Sufism: 'al-budalā'' (substitutes) are saints who act as spiritual substitutes for the Prophet; 'al-afrād' (solitary ones) are saints who are unique in their spiritual station.
116. al-ʿārifīn : Gnostics; those who have direct experiential knowledge of God (maʿrifa).
117. Laylat al-Isrā' : The Night of the Ascension; the Prophet Muhammad's night journey from Mecca to Jerusalem and his ascension to heaven.
118. al-Muṣṭafā : The Chosen One; an epithet of the Prophet Muhammad.
119. arāk : A type of tree (Salvadora persica) whose twigs are used as miswak (toothbrush); commonly found in Arabia.
120. jāh : Intercessory power or high rank with Allah, often used in Sufi contexts to denote the Prophet's ability to intercede.
121. tawassul : Using a means or intermediary to draw closer to Allah, often through the Prophet or saints.
122. walāyah : Sainthood or divine friendship; a state of closeness to Allah.
123. quṭb : Pole or axis; in Sufism, the highest-ranking saint who is the spiritual center of the universe.
124. sharī‘ah : The external, legal dimension of Islam.
125. ḥaqīqah : The inner, spiritual reality or truth.
126. al-Muṣṭafā : The Chosen One, a title of the Prophet Muhammad.
127. khuṣūṣiyyah : Special distinction or exclusivity, often referring to the elite among the Prophet's followers.
128. al-‘ulūm al-wahbiyyah : Sciences that are divinely bestowed, not acquired through learning.
129. Yawm al-Jamal : The Battle of the Camel (656 CE), a battle between forces of ‘Ali and ‘A’isha.
130. نَخْضَـ : Literally 'we submit' or 'we humble ourselves'; here part of a poetic line referring to humility before the Prophet's sandal.
131. نَعْلُ : Sandal; specifically the sandal of the Prophet Muhammad, venerated in Islamic tradition.
132. أَخْمَصِ : The sole of the foot; here referring to the blessed sole of the Prophet Muhammad.
133. خَيْرِ الْخَلْقِ : The best of creation; a title for the Prophet Muhammad.
134. بَدْرٌ : Full moon; often used metaphorically for the Prophet's beauty.
135. مِثَالٍ : Image or representation; here referring to a physical depiction of the Prophet's sandal.
136. مِثَالِ النَّعْلِ : The sandal image; a talismanic representation of the Prophet's sandal used for blessings.
137. مَعْدِ قَحْطَانَ : Source of Qahtan; Qahtan is the legendary ancestor of South Arabian tribes.
138. كِسْرَى : Chosroes; title of the Sassanid Persian emperors.
139. قَيْصَرُ : Caesar; title of the Roman/Byzantine emperors.
140. السَّبْعِ الْمَثَانِي : The Seven Oft-Repeated Verses, referring to Surah al-Fatiha or the seven long surahs.
141. السِّوَاكِ : Tooth-stick, a twig used for cleaning teeth, traditionally from the arak tree.
142. ذَاكِرًا لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى : Mindful of Allah, i.e., in a state of remembrance (dhikr).
143. نَفَخَ : He blew lightly, i.e., exhaled softly, possibly while sleeping.
144. قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ : Surah al-Ikhlas (112:1-4).
145. قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ : Surah an-Nas (114:1-6).
146. حم تَنزِيلٌ مِّنَ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ كِتَابٌ فُصِّلَتْ آيَاتُهُ : Surah Fussilat (41:1-3).
147. فَإِنْ أَعْرَضُوا فَقُلْ أَنذَرْتُكُمْ صَاعِقَةً مِّثْلَ صَاعِقَةِ عَادٍ وَثَمُودَ : Surah Fussilat (41:13).
148. الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ : The pre-Islamic period of ignorance.
149. إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَالْإِحْسَانِ وَإِيتَاءِ ذِي الْقُرْبَى : Surah an-Nahl (16:90).
150. fī 'ayni jam'in : A poetic expression meaning 'in the sight of a gathering' or 'in the eye of a group', referring to the Qur'an's clarity and comprehensiveness.
151. ḥadīth : Here refers to the Qur'an as 'speech' or 'discourse', emphasizing its eternal and uncreated nature in Islamic theology.
152. al-Furqān : One of the names of the Qur'an, meaning 'the Criterion' that distinguishes truth from falsehood.
153. inshiqāq al-qamar : The splitting of the moon, a well-known miracle of Prophet Muhammad, mentioned in the Qur'an (54:1).
154. ṣāḥib al-fi‘l wa al-khabar : A phrase meaning 'possessor of action and report', referring to the Prophet as one whose deeds and words are exemplary.
155. usriya bihi : Refers to the Night Journey (Isra') of Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalem, and then his Ascension (Mi'raj) to the heavens.
156. bayna al-rukn wa al-maqām : The area between the Black Stone (al-Rukn) and the Station of Abraham (Maqam Ibrahim) in the Kaaba, where the Prophet performed prayers.
157. tharīd : A traditional Arab dish made of bread soaked in broth, often with meat.
158. Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq : Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq (the Truthful) is the sixth Shia Imam, a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad through his grandson Husayn, known for his knowledge and piety.
159. knowers : ‘Ārifūn (singular ‘ārif) refers to those who have experiential knowledge (ma‘rifa) of God, often used in Sufi contexts for spiritual adepts.
160. ṣiddīq : Ṣiddīq means 'truthful' or 'veracious,' a title given to Abū Bakr, the first Caliph, and used for those of utmost truthfulness in faith.
161. ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam : Standard Islamic blessing upon the Prophet Muhammad, meaning 'may Allah bless him and grant him peace'.
162. ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam : Standard Islamic blessing upon the Prophet Muhammad, meaning 'may Allah bless him and grant him peace'.
163. ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam : Standard Islamic blessing upon the Prophet Muhammad, meaning 'may Allah bless him and grant him peace'.
164. ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam : Standard Islamic blessing upon the Prophet Muhammad, meaning 'may Allah bless him and grant him peace'.
165. Yathrib : The ancient name of Medina, the city of the Prophet Muhammad.
166. al-dhi'bu rabban wa al-dhi'bu : A phrase meaning 'the wolf is a lord, and the wolf,' possibly indicating the wolf's status or a play on words; exact interpretation varies.
167. Yazid ibn Shihab : A name mentioned in the narration; possibly the ancestor of the donkey.
168. Ya'fur : The name of the donkey that spoke to the Prophet; means 'dust-colored' or 'gazelle-like.'
169. dabb : A type of lizard, specifically the spiny-tailed lizard (Uromastyx), common in Arabia.
170. tashahhud : The testimony of faith recited during the sitting position in Islamic prayer.
171. adhan : The Islamic call to prayer.
172. al-Lat and al-Uzza : Two pre-Islamic Arabian goddesses worshipped by polytheists.
173. al-Fatiha : The opening chapter of the Quran, recited in every unit of Islamic prayer.
174. al-Ikhlas : Chapter 112 of the Quran, titled 'Sincerity,' affirming the oneness of God.
175. al-basit : Literally 'the extended'; here possibly referring to a type of poetic meter or a collection of poetry.
176. al-wajiz : Literally 'the concise'; possibly referring to a type of poetic meter or a collection of poetry.
177. al-'ashshar : One who takes usury or excessive interest; a severe sin in Islam.
178. dajin : A domestic animal that is accustomed to the house, such as a chicken or a goat.
179. awliya' : Saints; friends of Allah, often referring to righteous and spiritually advanced individuals.
180. Anas : Anas ibn Malik, a prominent companion of the Prophet Muhammad and a narrator of many hadiths.
181. Tabuk : A location in northwestern Arabia; the expedition of Tabuk took place in 9 AH (630 CE).
182. asr : The afternoon prayer, one of the five daily prayers in Islam.
183. wudu' : Ritual ablution performed before prayer.
184. Quba' : A place near Medina, known for the Quba Mosque, the first mosque built in Islam.
185. mihan : Trials or afflictions.
186. Jabir : Jabir ibn 'Abdullah, a companion of the Prophet known for narrating many hadiths.
187. Hudaybiyyah : A location near Mecca where the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was signed in 6 AH (628 CE).
188. rakwah : A small leather water vessel used for drinking or ablution.
189. Mu'adh ibn Jabal : A prominent companion known for his knowledge of Islamic jurisprudence.
190. duha : The forenoon, the time after sunrise.
191. shirak : A shoelace or strap; used here to describe the thin flow of water.
192. jinan : Gardens; often used to refer to paradise or lush gardens.
193. tamad : A well or spring with little water.
194. kinanah : A quiver for holding arrows.
195. sannah : A drought or year of hardship.
196. khutbah : The sermon delivered during the Friday congregational prayer.
197. a'rabi : A Bedouin; an Arab from the desert.
198. al-kitab al-'aziz : The Mighty Book; refers to the Quran.
199. Abu Talib : The uncle of the Prophet Muhammad who raised him after his grandfather's death.
200. Dhu al-Majaz : A market near Mecca in pre-Islamic times.
201. 'Umar : 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Caliph of Islam.
202. farth : The contents of the stomach or intestines of an animal.
203. kabid : The liver; placing something on the liver was a practice to cool the body.
204. Abu Bakr : Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, the first Caliph of Islam and close companion of the Prophet.
205. jihad : Struggle or striving; often used for military expeditions in defense of Islam.
206. isra' : The Night Journey of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalem.
207. Jabir ibn 'Abdullah : A companion of the Prophet, known for narrating many hadiths.
208. Khandaq : The Trench; the Battle of the Trench took place in 5 AH (627 CE).
209. khamas : Severe hunger; emptiness of the stomach.
210. sa' : A unit of volume measurement, approximately 2.5-3 kg of grain.
211. farq : A large vessel or measure, typically holding about 12 sa' (approximately 24-30 liters).
212. sa' : A unit of volume, roughly equivalent to 2-3 liters, used for measuring grains and liquids.
213. mudd : A small measure of volume, about 0.5-0.75 liters, often used for dry goods.
214. People of the Suffa : Poor and homeless Companions who lived in the covered portico (suffa) of the Prophet's Mosque in Medina.
215. Mubarak al-Yamama : Literally 'the blessed one of al-Yamama,' a title given to the boy who spoke as an infant and then remained silent until adulthood.
216. Idrīs : The prophet Enoch in Islamic tradition, known for his high station.
217. Miʿrāj : The ascension of Prophet Muhammad to heaven.
218. khulla : The station of intimate friendship with God, granted to Prophet Abraham.
219. maḥabbah : The station of divine love, granted to Prophet Muhammad.
220. al-Ḥajar al-Aswad : The Black Stone in the Kaaba, believed to be from Paradise.
221. ḥanīn al-jidhʿ : The moaning of the palm trunk that used to lean on during sermons, which missed him.
222. al-yad al-bayḍāʾ : The white hand, a miracle of Moses when his hand shone brightly.
223. shakwā al-baʿīr : The complaint of the camel to the Prophet about its harsh treatment.
224. Kawthar : A river in Paradise, also a name of a sura in the Quran.
225. Sūrat al-Fatḥ : Chapter 48 of the Quran, 'The Victory'.
226. Sūrat al-Naṣr : Chapter 110 of the Quran, 'The Divine Support'.
227. al-asrār al-malakūtiyyah : The celestial secrets; refers to the hidden spiritual realities of the divine kingdom (malakūt).
228. al-Burāq : The mythical steed that carried the Prophet Muhammad during the Night Journey (Isrāʾ).
229. Iblīs : The personal name of Satan in Islam.
230. Qatādah : A companion of the Prophet; his eye was restored after being injured.
231. Muʿādh ibn ʿAfrāʾ : A companion of the Prophet; his wife was cured of leprosy.
232. every red and black : A phrase meaning all of humanity, regardless of race or color.
233. victory by terror : The Prophet was given the ability to instill fear in his enemies from a distance of a month's travel.
234. intercession : The Prophet's special intercession on the Day of Judgment for his community.
235. Am I not your Lord? : Reference to the primordial covenant (Qurʾān 7:172) where all souls testified to Allah's lordship.
236. Ṭūbā : A tree in Paradise mentioned in Islamic tradition.
237. Sidrat al-Muntahā : The Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary, a celestial tree marking the end of the seventh heaven.
238. Ḥūr : The beautiful companions of Paradise.
239. constant contemplation : The Prophet's heart was always in a state of witnessing divine realities.
240. Fāṭimah al-Naqiyyah : A woman who witnessed the stars drawing near at the Prophet's birth.
241. The heart did not lie about what it saw : Qurʾān 53:11, referring to the Prophet's vision during the Night Journey.
242. Nor does he speak from desire : Qurʾān 53:3, affirming the divine origin of the Prophet's speech.
243. The sight did not swerve, nor did it transgress : Qurʾān 53:17, describing the Prophet's vision.
244. We have seen the turning of your face to the heaven : Qurʾān 2:144, regarding the change of the qiblah.
245. And do not make your hand chained to your neck : Qurʾān 17:29, a metaphor for stinginess.
246. ṣadr : Literally 'chest' or 'breast', here referring to the heart or inner being, as in the Qur'anic verse (94:1).
247. sirāj al-akwān : Lamp of the worlds; a metaphorical description of the Prophet Muhammad as a source of spiritual light.
248. jinān : Gardens, i.e., Paradise.
249. imām : Leader, especially in prayer; here meaning the foremost leader of the prophets.
250. tamīma : Talisman or amulet; here used metaphorically to mean a source of protection and honor.
251. khātam al-nubuwwa : Seal of prophethood; a physical mark between the Prophet's shoulder blades, considered a sign of his prophethood.
252. Burāq : A mythical steed that carried the Prophet during the Night Journey (Isrā').
253. al-Masjid al-Aqṣā : The Farthest Mosque, in Jerusalem, the destination of the Night Journey.
254. Miʿrāj : Ascension; the Prophet's ascent through the heavens.
255. ahl al-ḥall wa-l-ʿaqd : Those who bind and loose; the authorities or decision-makers in the community.
256. sabʿat aḥruf : Seven modes; the Qur'an was revealed in seven different modes of recitation for ease.
257. Āyat al-Kursī : The Throne Verse (Qur'an 2:255).
258. al-mufaṣṣal : The detailed chapters; the shorter surahs at the end of the Qur'an.
259. al-mathānī : The oft-repeated verses; usually referring to Surah al-Fatiha or the seven long surahs.
260. al-sabʿ al-ṭiwāl : The seven long surahs: al-Baqara, Āl ʿImrān, al-Nisā', al-Mā'ida, al-Anʿām, al-Aʿrāf, and al-Anfāl or al-Tawba.
261. al-Fātiḥa : The Opening; the first surah of the Qur'an.
262. al-Kawthar : The Abundance; Surah 108.
263. khawātīm sūrat al-baqara : The endings of Surah al-Baqara; the last two verses (2:285-286).
264. Basmala : The phrase 'Bismillāh al-Raḥmān al-Raḥīm' (In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful).
265. al-ḥawḍ : The Pond; a celestial pool from which the Prophet's followers will drink on the Day of Resurrection.
266. al-Kawthar : Here referring to the river in Paradise, also the name of Surah 108.
267. jawāmiʿ al-kalim : Comprehensive speech; the ability to express much in few words.
268. Isrāfīl : The angel who will blow the Trumpet on the Day of Resurrection.
269. ruʿb : Terror; the Prophet was aided by being feared by his enemies from a distance of a month's journey.
270. khaṣāʾiṣ : Special characteristics or prerogatives unique to the Prophet Muhammad.
271. qarīn : Companion; here referring to Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, whose Islam is considered a special sign.
272. nasab wa sabab : Lineage (nasab) and cause (sabab) refer to blood relations and marital ties; the Prophet's lineage and cause remain valid in the afterlife.
273. al-sharʿ : The Sacred Law of Islam; children of the Prophet's daughters (e.g., Fatima) are attributed to him.
274. tanshaqqu ʿanhu al-arḍ : The earth will split open for him first on the Day of Resurrection.
275. al-ṣirāṭ : The bridge over Hell that all must cross on Judgment Day.
276. mā yakhruju minhu : Refers to his bodily excretions, which were swallowed by the earth as a miracle.
277. al-burāq : A mythical steed that carried the Prophet during the Night Journey (Isra').
278. kitābuhu : His Book, i.e., the Quran.
279. al-ghusl : Ritual washing (ghusl) recommended before reading hadith.
280. ḥadīth : The sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad.
281. ḥuffāẓ : Plural of ḥāfiẓ, a title for those who memorize the Quran or hadith.
282. umarāʾ al-muʾminīn : Commanders of the Faithful; a title given to leading hadith scholars.
283. ṣuḥba : Companionship; a person who met the Prophet in faith is considered a Companion.
284. ʿudūl : Upright, just; all Companions are considered trustworthy in Islamic tradition.
285. al-ḥujurāt : The apartments of the Prophet's wives; referring to Quran 49:4.
286. maʿṣūm : Protected from sin; infallible.
287. Ismāʿīl : An angel associated with the air, distinct from the Angel of Death.
288. laylat al-isrāʾ : The Night Journey of the Prophet to Jerusalem and ascension to heaven.
289. imām : Leader of prayer; here meaning they will come without a designated leader.
290. ḥawḍ : The Basin (al-Kawthar) from which the Prophet's community will drink on Judgment Day.
291. al-maqām al-maḥmūd : The Praiseworthy Station, a rank of intercession granted to the Prophet.
292. āya : Quran 3:110.
293. umma wasaṭ : Middle community; justly balanced, as in Quran 2:143.
294. رُوِيَ : It is narrated; a common phrase introducing a transmitted report (hadith or athar).
295. كَتَبْتُ : I wrote; referring to the pre-eternal inscription of the Prophet's name on the Throne.
296. مُتَقَلَّبِهِمْ : Their movements or places of activity; a term encompassing all states and actions.
297. Āl : Family or household; here refers to the Prophet's family and descendants.
298. Isrā' : The Night Journey of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalem.
299. al-Ḥajar : The Black Stone in the Kaaba; or the area of the Hijr adjacent to the Kaaba.
300. Bayt al-Maqdis : The Holy House; Jerusalem, specifically the Al-Aqsa Mosque.
301. Khalīl : Intimate friend; a term used for Abraham and also for Muhammad in Sufi tradition.
302. al-Ḥaḍra al-Ilāhiyya : The Divine Presence; a Sufi term for the station of proximity to God.
303. Ahl al-Ishāra : People of allusion; Sufi masters who interpret spiritual meanings.
304. al-Ḥijr : A semicircular wall opposite the Kaaba; also called the Hijr of Ishmael.
305. al-Burāq : The mythical steed that carried the Prophet during the Night Journey.
306. Idrīs : The prophet Enoch in Islamic tradition.
307. Sidrat al-Muntaha : The Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary, a tree in the seventh heaven marking the limit of angelic knowledge and beyond which no creature can pass.
308. Hajar : A region in Arabia known for its large water jars (qilal).
309. al-Bayt al-Ma'mur : The Much-Frequented House, a celestial counterpart of the Kaaba in the seventh heaven, visited daily by angels.
310. fitrah : The primordial natural disposition of humans, inclining towards monotheism and righteousness.
311. Buraq : A mythical steed, white and swift, that carried the Prophet Muhammad during the Night Journey.
312. Bayt al-Maqdis : The Sacred House in Jerusalem, referring to the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound.
313. rak'ah : A unit of Islamic prayer, consisting of a sequence of standing, bowing, prostrating, and sitting.
314. Idris : The prophet Enoch in Islamic tradition, known for his wisdom and elevated status.
315. Quran 19:57 : A verse from the Quran referring to the prophet Idris being raised to a high station.
316. Buraq : A mythical creature, often described as a white animal larger than a donkey but smaller than a mule, that carried the Prophet Muhammad during the Night Journey (Isra').
317. Isra' : The Night Journey of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalem, and then his ascension to heaven (Mi'raj).
318. Khalil : Intimate friend; a title given to Prophet Abraham, meaning 'friend of Allah'.
319. Al-Furqan : The Criterion; a name for the Quran, indicating it distinguishes truth from falsehood.
320. Mi'raj : The ascension of the Prophet Muhammad through the heavens to the presence of Allah.
321. Firdaws : The highest level of Paradise, often translated as 'Garden of Paradise'.
322. Sidrat al-Muntaha : The Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary, a tree in the seventh heaven marking the end of knowledge for angels and prophets.
323. Quran 53:16 : Reference to the verse: 'When there covered the Lote Tree that which covered [it].'
324. ar-Rahman : The All-Merciful, one of the names of Allah.
325. as-Sab' al-Mathani : The Seven Oft-Repeated verses, referring to Surat al-Fatiha.
326. Surat al-Baqara : The second chapter of the Quran.
327. al-'arifin : The gnostics or those who have deep spiritual knowledge of Allah.
328. al-Isra' : The Night Journey of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalem.
329. Yathrib : The ancient name of Medina.
330. Madyan : A place associated with the Prophet Shu'ayb, located in northwestern Arabia.
331. al-Hashir : The Gatherer, a title of the Prophet Muhammad as the one who will gather people on the Day of Resurrection.
332. Iblis : The name of Satan in Islam.
333. Yawm al-Mazid : The Day of Increase, a term for a special day in Paradise when believers see Allah.
334. az-Zaqqum : A tree in Hell with bitter fruit that the damned are forced to eat.
335. az-Zakat : The obligatory alms tax in Islam.
336. Buraq : The mythical steed that carried the Prophet Muhammad during the Night Journey (Isra') from Mecca to Jerusalem.
337. Aqsa : Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, the third holiest site in Islam.
338. Qur'an 43:45 : Reference to the Quranic verse: 'And ask those We sent before you of Our messengers: Did We appoint besides the Most Merciful gods to be worshipped?'
339. Malakut : The realm of dominion or sovereignty, often referring to the spiritual or angelic world.
340. Ar-Ra'd : The angel of thunder, responsible for clouds and rain.
341. Subbuh : A divine attribute meaning 'Most Glorified' or 'All-Perfect'.
342. Quddus : A divine attribute meaning 'Most Holy' or 'All-Pure'.
343. al-Isrā' : The Night Journey of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalem and then to the heavens.
344. Lā ilāha illā Allāh : The declaration of faith: 'There is no god but Allah.'
345. al-Ḥamdu lillāh : Praise be to Allah.
346. Subḥāna Allāh : Glory be to Allah.
347. Allāhu Akbar : Allah is the Greatest.
348. Lā ḥawla wa lā quwwata illā billāh : There is no power and no strength except with Allah.
349. al-Karūbiyyūn : Cherubim; a high rank of angels.
350. tasbīḥ : Glorification of Allah, e.g., saying 'Subḥāna Allāh'.
351. tahlīl : Declaration of Allah's oneness, e.g., saying 'Lā ilāha illā Allāh'.
352. ḥamalat al-‘Arsh : The angels who bear the Throne of Allah.
353. wa saqāhum rabbuhum sharāban ṭahūran : Quranic verse (76:21): 'And their Lord gave them a pure drink.'
354. al-Kawthar : A river in Paradise, also the name of a chapter in the Quran.
355. ḥujub : Veils of light that separate the created from the Divine, often mentioned in descriptions of the Prophet's ascension (Mi'raj).
356. uns : Familiarity or intimacy; the sense of being at ease with one's surroundings.
357. Abū Bakr : The first Caliph and close companion of the Prophet, known for his deep faith and closeness to the Prophet.
358. yuṣallī : To send blessings; here, it refers to divine mercy and favor, not prayer as humans perform.
359. qāba qawsayn aw adnā : A Qur'anic phrase (53:9) describing the Prophet's proximity to God during the Mi'raj, meaning 'two bow-lengths or nearer.'
360. jāh : Intercessory power or high status with God, often used to describe the Prophet's ability to intercede for his community.
361. takyīf : Modality; specifying 'how' something is, which is avoided in describing divine actions.
362. taḥrīr : Specification or delineation; here, it means without limiting or defining the divine act.
363. li-yukhrijakum min al-ẓulumāt ilā al-nūr : Qur'anic phrase (57:9) meaning 'to bring you out of darkness into light,' referring to divine guidance.
364. fa-awḥā ilā 'abdihi mā awḥā : Qur'anic verse (53:10) meaning 'Then He revealed to His servant what He revealed,' referring to the divine revelation given to the Prophet during the Mi'raj.
365. āyāt : Qur'anic verses, specifically Surah ad-Duha (93:6-8).
366. āyāt : Qur'anic verses, Surah ash-Sharh (94:1-4).
367. ḥawḍ al-kawthar : The Pond of Abundance in Paradise, granted to Prophet Muhammad for his community.
368. al-mulkayn : The two kingdoms: the earthly and heavenly realms, or the dominion of this world and the Hereafter.
369. al-miʿrāj : The Ascension of the Prophet Muhammad through the heavens to the Divine Presence.
370. āyah : Qur'anic verse, Surah al-Isra (17:1).
371. al-isrāʾ : The Night Journey from Mecca to Jerusalem.
372. ahl al-ishārāt : People of spiritual allusions; Sufi masters who interpret inner meanings.
373. lisān al-ḥāl : The tongue of the state; a spiritual communication without words.
374. āyah : Qur'anic verse, Surah ash-Shura (42:11).
375. jalwah : Manifestation or unveiling of Divine beauty.
376. al-aṣfād : Pure wine; a metaphor for spiritual intoxication.
377. al-Ṣafā : A hill in Mecca; also a symbol of purity.
378. ahl al-wiṣāl : People of union; those who have attained closeness to God.
379. raʾaytu bi-qalbī mā raʾaytu bi-muqlatī : A reference to the vision of the heart surpassing physical sight.
380. qāba qawsayn aw adnā : The distance of two bow-lengths or nearer; a Qur'anic description of the Prophet's proximity to God during the Ascension (Surah an-Najm 53:9).
381. al-maskh : Transformation; punishment by changing form, e.g., into apes or pigs.
382. al-khasf : Engulfing; punishment by being swallowed by the earth.
383. man waʿānī minhum baytahu : Whoever visits Me in his house; possibly a reference to visiting the Prophet's mosque or a spiritual state.
384. Aḥmad : Another name of Prophet Muhammad, meaning 'most praiseworthy'.
385. mawʿid al-aswāq : The appointment of the markets; possibly a reference to a specific event or spiritual station.
386. wasīlatunā : Our means; the Prophet as an intermediary or means of approach to God.
387. ʿurānā : Our nakedness; metaphor for vulnerability or sin.
388. sidrat al-muntahā : The Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary; a celestial tree marking the end of knowledge for angels and prophets.
389. Aḥadiyyah : Oneness; the absolute, indivisible unity of God, a key concept in Sufi metaphysics.
390. Ṣūr : The Trumpet; the horn that will be blown by the angel Israfil to signal the Day of Resurrection.
391. ‘Arsh : The Throne of God; the greatest of all created things, often symbolizing divine sovereignty.
392. Istiwā' : God's 'establishing Himself' or 'rising over' the Throne; a divine attribute mentioned in the Quran, interpreted by Sufis as a mode of divine presence.
393. Lan tarānī : Arabic for 'You shall not see Me'; God's response to Moses when he asked to see Him (Quran 7:143).
394. Subḥāna alladhī asrā bi‘abdihi : Opening of Quran 17:1, referring to the Night Journey (Isra') of Prophet Muhammad.
395. Ṣamadiyyah : Self-Sufficiency; the attribute of God as the Eternal, Absolute, upon whom all depend.
396. Mā zāgha al-baṣaru wa mā ṭaghā : Quran 53:17, describing the Prophet's vision during his ascension: 'The sight did not swerve, nor did it transgress.'
397. al-rafraf al-akhḍar : The green canopy or carpet; a celestial object that transported the Prophet during the Mi'raj.
398. Riḍwān : The angel keeper of Paradise.
399. Rifyā’īl : An angel; possibly a variant of Rafa'il or another angelic name.
400. al-bakht : Bactrian camel; here used metaphorically for the beauty of the birds of Paradise.
401. janādil al-lu’lu’ : Pebbles or crystals of pearl; precious stones in Paradise.
402. al-misk al-adhfar : Fragrant musk; a type of musk with a strong, pure scent.
403. katāfah : Thickness or magnitude; here referring to the immense size of the tree's trunk.
404. al-Kawthar : A river in Paradise, meaning 'abundance'; also the name of Sura 108.
405. al-Tasnīm : A fountain or drink in Paradise, mentioned in Quran 83:27.
406. al-qilāl : Large vessels or jars; used to describe the size of the fruits.
407. Ṭūbā : Blessedness or a tree in Paradise; from Quran 13:29.
408. sundus : Fine silk brocade; a type of luxurious fabric in Paradise.
409. ḥūr al-‘īn : Houris; beautiful, pure companions in Paradise with large eyes.
410. al-Isrā’ : The Night Journey of the Prophet from Mecca to Jerusalem.
411. al-Burāq : The mythical steed that carried the Prophet during the Night Journey.
412. Sidrat al-Muntahā : The Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary; a celestial tree marking the end of the seventh heaven.
413. al-Kursī : The Footstool of God; a cosmic entity mentioned in Quran 2:255.
414. al-Qalam : The Pen; the first created thing, used to write destiny.
415. Rasul Allah : Messenger of Allah, referring to the Prophet Muhammad.
416. salat : Blessing or prayer upon the Prophet, often understood as asking for divine mercy and exaltation.
417. kashf, shuhud, 'irfan : Unveiling (spiritual insight), witnessing (direct perception of divine realities), and gnosis (experiential knowledge of God).
418. qaba qawsayn aw adna : A Qur'anic phrase (53:9) describing the Prophet's proximity to God during the Ascension, meaning 'two bow-lengths or nearer.'
419. huwa : Refers to the Prophet Muhammad.
420. al-Masjid al-Aqsa : The Farthest Mosque in Jerusalem, the destination of the Prophet's Night Journey.
421. Abu Bakr : The first Caliph and close companion of the Prophet, known for his unwavering faith.
422. Bayt al-Maqdis : Jerusalem, also known as the Holy House.
423. al-Siddiq : The Truthful, a title given to Abu Bakr for his immediate belief in the Prophet's Night Journey.
424. alladhi : Refers to the Prophet Muhammad.
425. al-Rawha' : A place near Medina on the road to Mecca.
426. al-Buraq : The mythical steed that carried the Prophet during the Night Journey.
427. al-Zahir ibn Ibrik al-Zar'i al-Marrakishi : The scribe's name, indicating his lineage and origin from Marrakech.
428. sanat 1330 : The Islamic year 1330 AH, corresponding to 1912 CE.