The one who remembers [1] is the one who is remembered [2].

In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. And may God bless our master and lord Muhammad and his family. O God, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your Prophet, pure in soul and essence, and Your Beloved, who seizes by the forelocks (al-ḥujuzāt), concerning whom the scholars said regarding His (Exalted is He) words: "And He raised some of them in degrees" (Qur'an 2:253). They mean our master Muhammad (may God bless him and grant him peace): God raised him in three aspects: in essence during the Ascension (al-miʿrāj), in sovereignty over all of humanity, and through miracles. O God, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the people of trust (al-tawakkul) and certainty (al-yaqīn), who established the people of remembrance (al-dhikr) and instruction (al-talqīn), concerning whom God, without doubt, made his miracles (may God bless him and grant him peace) the most manifest, the most dazzling, the most numerous, the most enduring, and the most powerful, and his station the highest, his dominion the greatest and most abundant, his essence the most excellent and purest, and his particular distinctions over all the prophets more famous than can be mentioned. So his rank (may God bless him and grant him peace) is higher than the ranks of the messengers, and his essence is more pure and more excellent than all of (1) creation. O God, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your Prophet, who attained the degree of might and uprightness, and Your Beloved, who succeeded in winning Your greatest good pleasure in this world and the abode of honor, concerning whom it is narrated from him (may God bless him and grant him peace) that he said: "I am the master of the children of Adam, and the first from whom the earth will split open on the Day of Resurrection." O God, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the people of valor and patience, who established the people of generosity and consolation, concerning whom it is narrated from him (may God bless him and grant him peace) that he said: "I am the first of people to emerge when they are resurrected, and I am their orator when they assemble, and I am their bringer of glad tidings when they despair. The banner of praise (liwāʾ al-ḥamd) on that day will be in my hand, and I am the most honored of the children of Adam before my Lord, and I say this without pride." O God, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, from whose praise and blessing upon him is my treatment and my cure, and from whose noble presence is my refuge and my shelter, concerning whom it is narrated from him (may God bless him and grant him peace) that he said: "I am the master of the children of Adam on the Day of Resurrection, and I say this without pride. In my hand is the banner of praise, and I say this without pride. There is no prophet—from Adam to those besides him—except under my banner." (2) O God, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, upon whom You have magnified Your favor and goodness, and who was constant in every state in praising and thanking You, concerning whom You said, addressing him (may God bless him and grant him peace): "Did We not expand for you your breast, and remove from you your burden, which weighed down your back, and raise high for you your remembrance?" (Qur'an 94:1-4). O God, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, through blessing upon whom is my Lord and my intercessor, and in whose intercession in this world and the Hereafter is my hope and my desire, concerning whom it is narrated from him (may God bless him and grant him peace) that he said: "Gabriel came to me and said: 'Indeed, my Lord and your Lord says to you: Do you know how I raised your remembrance?' I said: 'God knows best.' He said: 'When I am mentioned, you are mentioned along with Me.'" O God, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whom his Lord treated with the utmost kindness and comforted, and gifted with every beautiful gift and adorned him, concerning whom God raised his remembrance (may God bless him and grant him peace), so that there is no orator, nor one reciting the testimony (tashahhud), nor one performing prayer, except that he says: "I bear witness that there is no god but God, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of God." (3) O God, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your Prophet, distinguished with the utmost beauty and splendor, and Your attendant, surpassing those of intellect and understanding, concerning whom it is narrated from him (may God bless him and grant him peace) that he said: "When Adam (peace be upon him) descended in India, he felt lonely. So Gabriel (peace be upon him) descended and called out the call to prayer (adhān): 'God is Most Great, God is Most Great' twice, 'I bear witness that there is no god but God' twice, 'I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of God' twice, and that God (Exalted is He) wrote his noble name (may God bless him and grant him peace) upon the Throne (al-ʿarsh), and upon every heaven, and upon the Gardens (al-jinān) and what they contain of palaces and chambers, and upon the bosoms of the wide-eyed maidens (al-ʿīn), and upon the leaves of the Tree of Ṭūbā, and upon the edges of the veils (al-ḥujub), and between the eyes of the angels, and upon the navel of the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary (sūrat al-muntahā)." O God, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the Beloved of goodness, the Kind, and the master of every pure and chaste knower (ʿārif), from whose name God (Mighty and Majestic is He) derived his name (may God bless him and grant him peace), and named him with a sum of His Most Beautiful Names, and blessed him among His angels, and commanded the believers to bless him, and wrote him as a prophet while Adam was between spirit and body, and sealed with him prophethood and messengerhood, and exalted his noble remembrance among the first (4) and the last, and made his lofty rank renowned when He took the covenant from all the prophets, and placed his mention in the openings of letters and their conclusions, and honored through him the eloquent upon the pulpits, and adorned with his mention the masters of pens and inkwells, and spread his mention across the horizons, east and west, sea and land, even in the seven heavens and at the place of the Footstool (al-mustawā), the Throne (al-ʿarsh), the Pedestal (al-kursī), and all the angels brought near, and placed him in the hearts of the believers, such that they find his mention sweet, and their souls find rest, and perhaps their bodies sway from the joy of hearing his noble name. O God, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the Imam of those who bow and those who prostrate, and the master of the devout and the ascetics, concerning whose great rank (may God bless him and grant him peace) it is narrated from some of the people of allusion (ahl al-ishāra) that they said: God (Exalted is He) used to say: "O Muhammad, fill all existence with your followers; all of them praise and bless you and preserve your Sunnah. Indeed, there is no obligatory act (farīḍah) among the obligations of prayer except that it is accompanied by a Sunnah. So they adhere in the obligatory act to My command, and in the Sunnah to your command. And I have made obedience to Me obedience to you, and allegiance to Me allegiance to you. So the Qur'an preserves the words of your revealed book, and the commentators interpret the meanings of your Criterion (Furqān), and the preachers convey the eloquence of your preaching, and the kings and sultans stand in your service and greet you from behind the door (5) and wipe their faces with the dust of your garden (rawḍah) and hope for your intercession. So He honored you, O Muhammad, for all eternity."

O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the intercessor of the disobedient and their firmest handhold ¹, and he who used to spend the entire night weeping out of love and passion for You. It is narrated that when the verse was revealed to him: "O you who are wrapped in garments, arise to pray the night except for a little" ², he stood the entire night until his feet became swollen, and he would lift one leg and put down the other. Then Allah revealed to him: "Ta Ha, We have not sent down the Qur'an upon you to cause you distress" ³. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your purest and most purified Prophet, whose miracles were made more famous and numerous than any other miracle. You bestowed upon him abundant good encompassing Islam, prophethood, knowledge, many children and followers, and the river of Paradise ⁴, saying to him: "Indeed, We have given you al-Kawthar, so pray to your Lord and sacrifice. Indeed, your enemy is the one cut off" ⁵. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of beautiful character and great morality, the best prophet through whom Allah saved the community from every painful punishment. From the greatness of his rank and station with his Lord, He called the prophets by their names, but called him by the titles "Prophet" and "Messenger," and gave him precedence over them in mention, and took from them a covenant and pledge to believe in him if they met him and to support him. And He answered through him the prayer of his forefathers Abraham and Ishmael when they said: "Our Lord, send among them a messenger from themselves who will recite to them Your verses and teach them the Book and wisdom and purify them. Indeed, You are the Exalted in Might, the Wise" ⁶. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, pure in character and disposition, and honor the one at whose door the sinner sets down his saddle and tent. It is narrated from him that he said: "I am the prayer of Abraham and the glad tidings of Jesus" ⁷, and in another narration: "I am the last of those who gave glad tidings of me, Jesus son of Mary" ⁸. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, for whom felicity and care preceded from You, and who attained the ultimate limit of virtue and honor. You bestowed him as a favor upon the believers and completed the blessing upon them, saying: "Indeed, Allah conferred a great favor upon the believers when He sent among them a messenger from themselves, reciting to them His verses and purifying them and teaching them the Book and wisdom" ⁹. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of the sublime law and the firm religion, whom You singled out for the lofty station and the greatest rank. You testified to his messengership by Your saying: "It is He who has sent among the unlettered a messenger from themselves, reciting to them His verses and purifying them and teaching them the Book and wisdom, although they were before in manifest error" ¹⁰. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of all those to whom You gave abundant honor and favor, and the most excellent of those whom You made merciful to the believers and severe to the disbelievers. You testified to his messengership and said to those who sought a sign proving his truthfulness: "Say, 'The signs are only with Allah, and I am only a clear warner.' Is it not sufficient for them that We have sent down to you the Book which is recited to them? Indeed, in that is a mercy and a reminder for a people who believe. Say, 'Sufficient is Allah as a witness between me and you'" ¹¹. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom You supported against enemies and gave a famous victory, and from between whose noble fingers You caused abundant water to flow. You testified to his messengership by Your saying: "O Prophet, indeed We have sent you as a witness and a bringer of good tidings and a warner, and as one inviting to Allah by His permission and as a luminous lamp" ¹². O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whom Allah made a security for his community and an impregnable fortress, the best understander of Allah's will, obedient and hearing to His command. Allah Almighty testified to his messengership by His saying: "And Allah knows that you are His Messenger" ¹³, "Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah" ¹⁴, and "Say, 'O mankind, indeed I am the Messenger of Allah to you all'" ¹⁵. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, who is worthy of every virtue, and who directs the drink of love to the people of the Divine Presence and special intimacy. Allah Almighty testified to his messengership when He addressed the People of the Book regarding his sending to them, saying: "O People of the Book, there has come to you Our Messenger making clear to you after a period of cessation of messengers, lest you say, 'There came not to us any bringer of good tidings or a warner.' But there has come to you a bringer of good tidings and a warner. And Allah is over all things competent" ¹⁶. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your established Prophet and Your Messenger given precedence over every truthful and trustworthy one. Allah Almighty gave him two of His names and testified to his messengership as a mercy, saying: "There has certainly come to you a messenger from among yourselves. Grievous to him is what you suffer; he is concerned over you and to the believers is kind and merciful" ¹⁷, and "And We have not sent you except as a mercy to the worlds" ¹⁸.

Whose name is in the seven heavens and written on the pillars of the Throne ¹⁹, and whose mention Allah has raised and made easy for him in this world and the Hereafter every sought thing; whom his Lord adorned with the adornment of mercy, so his existence is mercy and all his traits and attributes are mercy. How fortunate is the one who obtains something of it, for he is the saved in both abodes from every disliked thing, and the one who attains in them every beloved thing. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the companions of the right hand ²⁰, and the best of everyone who was righteous in oath and swearing, whose mercy encompassed all creatures, until he, peace and blessings be upon him, said to Gabriel, peace be upon him: Allah Almighty says: {And We have not sent you ²¹ except as a mercy to the worlds} ²². Has anything of this mercy reached you? He said: Yes, I used to fear the outcome, but I became secure through you because of Allah's praise of me in His saying: {Possessor of power, with the Lord of the Throne, secure, obeyed there and trustworthy} ²³. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the intercessor of the disobedient and sinners, and the best of those who pardon and overlook the wrongdoers; for whom Allah Almighty testified to his messengership and that he is the seal of the prophets, saying: {Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the seal of the prophets} ²⁴. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every righteous person and saint ²⁵, and the subduer of every ignorant and foolish person; from whom it is narrated, peace and blessings be upon him, that he said: "Indeed, messengership and prophethood have ceased, so there is no messenger after me nor prophet." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the obedient, the pious, the righteous, and the imam of the people of knowledge ²⁶, the chosen, the elite; from whom it is narrated, peace and blessings be upon him, that he said: "My example and the example of the prophets is like a man who built a house and completed it and beautified it, except for the place of a brick. Whoever entered it would say, 'How beautiful it is, except for the place of this brick.' So I am the place of the brick; I came and the prophets were completed." A section on the mention of him, peace be upon him, in previous scriptures. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom Allah praised and commended in the clear revelation ²⁷, and the most virtuous of those whom Allah honored and distinguished with the utmost veneration and glorification; whose proofs of prophethood, peace and blessings be upon him, were abundant in the Torah and the Gospel, and the signs of his laws and messages were manifest in them. Allah Almighty said: {Those who follow the Messenger, the unlettered prophet, whom they find written with them in the Torah and the Gospel} ²⁸. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the spirit of the spirits of the great ones and the eye of the chosen ones ²¹, and upon whom the Wise Book was revealed, containing guidance, mercy, and clarification; from whom it is narrated that when Abdullah ibn Salam heard of his emergence, peace and blessings be upon him, in Mecca, he went out and met him. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, when he looked at him, said: "Are you Ibn Salam, the scholar of Yathrib?" He said: "Yes." The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "I adjure you by Allah who sent down the Torah to Moses, do you find my description in the Book of Allah?" He said: "Describe your Lord, O Muhammad." The Prophet ²⁹, peace and blessings be upon him, trembled and shook until he fell unconscious. Gabriel said to him: {Say: He is Allah, the One, Allah the Eternal, He neither begets nor is born, nor is there to Him any equivalent} ³⁰. Ibn Salam said to him: "I bear witness that you are the Messenger of Allah, and that Allah will make you and your religion prevail over all religions." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those to whom You have granted mercy and affection, and for whom Gabriel the Trustworthy was a servant, a beloved, and a companion; from whom it is narrated from Ata that he said: I met Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As and said: "Tell me about the description of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him." He said: "Yes, by Allah, he is described in the Torah with some of his description in the Quran: {O Prophet, indeed We have sent you as a witness, a bearer of good news, and a warner, and a protector for the unlettered. You are My servant and My messenger; I have named you al-Mutawakkil ³¹. He is not harsh, nor coarse, nor clamorous in the markets, nor does he repay evil with evil, but he pardons and forgives. Allah will not take him until He straightens through him the crooked religion, so that they say: 'There is no god but Allah,' and through him He opens blind eyes, deaf ears, and sealed hearts.'" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad ³², the physician of souls, and the one protected by the eye of Your care from every rebellious and sneaking devil ³³; whose description, peace and blessings be upon him, You found in the Torah: "Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; he is not harsh, nor coarse, nor clamorous in the markets, nor does he adorn himself with obscenity, nor does he speak indecency. I guide him with every beautiful thing, and I grant him every noble character. Then I make tranquility his garment, righteousness his emblem, piety his conscience, wisdom his intellect, truthfulness and loyalty his nature, pardon and goodness his character, justice his conduct, guidance his leader, Islam his religion, and Ahmad his name. I guide through him after misguidance, I teach through him after ignorance, I raise through him after lowliness, I make known through him after obscurity, I multiply through him after scarcity, I enrich through him after poverty, I unite through him after division, I reconcile through him between differing hearts, scattered desires, and divided nations, and I make his community the best community brought forth for mankind." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the people of the Hereafter and this world, and the one through whom Allah opened sealed hearts, deaf ears, and blind eyes; from whom it is narrated from Ibn Abbas that he said: Al-Jarud ibn al-Mu'alla al-Abdi came and embraced Islam and said (meaning to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him): "By Him who sent you with the truth, I found your description in the Gospel, and the son of the Virgin ³⁴ gave glad tidings of you." And it is narrated that when Ibrahim ³⁵ the Friend was commanded to take out Hajar, he rode on al-Buraq ³⁶. Ibrahim would not pass by a sweet, soft land without saying: "Shall we descend here, O Gabriel?" He would say: "No, until I come to Mecca." Gabriel said: "Descend, O Ibrahim." He said: "Where there is no milk nor cultivation?" He said: "Yes; here will emerge the prophet from the descendants of your son Ishmael, through whom the supreme word will be completed."

O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who spoke with wisdom and exhortation and uttered words, and the most excellent prophet to whom Allah bequeathed the knowledge of the ancients and the later ones, so he spread and taught. It is narrated from Hisham ibn al-‘Asi al-Umawi who said: I was sent along with another man from Quraysh, meaning during the time of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, to Heraclius, the ruler of the Byzantines, to invite him to Islam. We stopped by Jabalah and invited him to Islam. He was wearing black garments, so we asked him about that, and he said: I swore that I would not take them off until I expel you from Syria. We said to him: By Allah, we will surely take this seat of yours and we will take the kingdom of the greatest king; our Prophet informed us of that. He said: Then Heraclius sent for us at night, and we entered upon him. He said: He called for something like a large box ³⁷ gilded, containing small compartments with doors. He opened it and took out a black scroll ³⁸ and unrolled it. Therein was a red image, and there was a man with large eyes, huge buttocks, and a neck of a length I had never seen, and he had two braids ³⁹, the most beautiful of Allah's creation. Do you recognize this? We said: No. He said: This is Adam, peace be upon him. Then he opened another door and took out a black scroll, and therein was a white image, and there was a man with red eyes, a large head, and a handsome beard. He said: Do you recognize this? We said: No. He said: This is Noah, peace be upon him. Then he opened another door and took out a scroll, and therein was a white image, and by Allah, therein was the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He said: Do you recognize this? We said: Yes, Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah and our Prophet. By Allah, Heraclius stood up and then sat down out of reverence for his image, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said: Is it really him? We said: Yes, it is really him, as if you are looking at him. He paused for a while looking at it, then said: By Allah, the compartments were delayed, but I hastened them for you to see what you have. We said to him: Where did you get these images? He said: Adam asked his Lord to show him the prophets from his offspring, so He sent down their images to him. They were in Adam's treasury at the place of sunset ⁴⁰. Dhul-Qarnayn ⁴¹ extracted them and gave them to Daniel ⁴². Then Heraclius said: If my soul were content with leaving my kingdom, I would wish to be a servant to your commander until I die. When we returned, we told Abu Bakr, and he wept and said: If Allah had intended good for him, He would have done it. The Messenger of Allah and the Jews informed us that they recognize his mission, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. ⁴³ O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whose virtue Allah spread in the world and manifested, and upon whom sending blessings is the clearing of the believer's heart from its darkness and rust. He whom Allah, Mighty and Majestic, described in the Psalms ⁴⁴ by saying, addressing him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: Grace is poured upon your lips; therefore, I bless you forever. Gird your sword upon your thigh, O mighty one, for your canon ⁴⁵ and laws are coupled with the majesty of your right hand. Your arrows are sharpened, and all nations fall beneath you. And from Wahb ibn Munabbih ⁴⁶ who said: I saw in some ancient books that Allah, Blessed and Exalted, said: By My might and majesty, I will surely send down upon the mountains of the Arabs a light that fills what is between the east and the west, and I will surely bring forth from the offspring of Ishmael an Arab prophet, unlettered ⁴⁷, whom a number equal to the stars of the sky and the plants of the earth will believe; all of them will believe in Me as Lord and in him as Messenger, and they will disbelieve in the religions of their fathers and flee from them. Moses said: Glory be to You, and sanctified are Your names; You have indeed honored and ennobled this prophet. Allah said: O Moses, I will take vengeance on his enemy in this world and the Hereafter, and I will make his call prevail over every call, and I will humiliate whoever opposes his law. With justice I have adorned him, and for equity I have brought him forth. By My might, I will surely rescue through him a name from the Fire. I opened the world with Abraham and sealed it with Muhammad. Whoever reaches him and does not believe in him and does not enter into his law is free from Allah. ⁴⁸ Section on His, Exalted is He, oath confirming his message, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the establishment of what was revealed to him of His signs. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who humbled themselves before the majesty of the All-Knowing, and the most excellent of those whom the visitor seeks and is honored by kissing the threshold of his noble door. Among his miracles, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, from his Lord is that He swore by what He distinguished him with of the great character and bestowed upon him of abundant grace, saying: { Nun ⁴⁹. By the pen and what they inscribe, you are not, by the grace of your Lord, a madman. And indeed, for you is a reward uninterrupted. And indeed, you are of a great character. } ⁵⁰ O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whom You brought near on the Night of the Ascension ⁵¹ and gifted with every good, completing his joy and happiness, and whom You created in the most perfect description and the most beautiful form. Among his miracles, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, from his Lord is that He, Exalted, swore by His favor upon him, His honoring him, and His giving him what pleases him, by His saying: { By the morning brightness, and by the night when it covers with darkness, your Lord has not taken leave of you, nor has He detested you. } ⁵² to the end of the surah. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who spent the night in Your obedience, awake and fasting. Through the blessing of sending blessings upon him, the servant is given what he intended and aimed for with You. Among his miracles regarding what he brought of His revelation and His exaltation and his innocence from what his enemies attributed to him of error and transgression, by His saying: { By the star when it descends, your companion has not strayed, nor has he erred, nor does he speak from [his own] desire. } ⁵³ O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, possessor of manifest virtue and abundant good. Sending blessings upon him is a cure for every sick heart. Among his miracles, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, from his Lord is that He, Exalted, swore to confirm his message in the Qur'an by His saying: { Ya Sin ⁵⁴. By the wise Qur'an, indeed you are from among the messengers, on a straight path. } ⁵⁵ O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who strove in obedience and exerted effort, and who is dearer than self, wealth, family, and child. Among his miracles, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, from his Lord is that He, Mighty and Majestic, swore by the duration of his life and by his city, conditioned upon his residence therein, saying: { By your life [O Muhammad], indeed they were, in their intoxication, wandering blindly. } ⁵⁶ and { I swear by this city, and you are free [of restriction] in this city. } ⁵⁷ O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, bearer of the banner of honor and victory. Through the blessing of sending blessings upon him, the poor are enriched and the broken are mended. Among his miracles, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, from his Lord is that He, Mighty and Majestic, swore by his time, peace be upon him, saying:

By the time, indeed mankind is in loss. And His description, may He be exalted and glorified, of him, peace be upon him, as light and a luminous lamp, and what it entails of the obligation to obey him and follow his Sunnah. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the Ka'ba of visitors and lovers, the most beautiful of creation in face and the clearest of them in brow, from whose honors, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, upon his Lord is that He, exalted and glorified, described him as a luminous lamp and light, saying: "Indeed, We have sent you as a witness, a bearer of good news, and a warner, and as one inviting to Allah by His permission, and as a luminous lamp." And He said: "There has come to you from Allah a light and a clear Book." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom Allah protected from creation and sufficed him, the most excellent prophet whose unjust enemy Allah abased and banished, from whose honors, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, upon his Lord is that He, exalted and glorified, linked obedience to him with obedience to Him, saying: "Obey Allah and His Messenger" and "Whoever obeys the Messenger has indeed obeyed Allah." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of the successful, the master of Your sincere servants, from whose honors, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, upon his Lord is that He, exalted and glorified, threatened with severe punishment for opposing him, and promised abundant reward for obeying him, saying: "But if they turn away, then indeed Allah does not love the disbelievers. And whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger, those will be with those upon whom Allah has bestowed favor of the prophets, the steadfast affirmers of truth, the martyrs, and the righteous." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the one besides whom the believers have no pride, and under whose banner and standard the prophets will be on the Day of Resurrection, from whose honors, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, upon his Lord is that He, exalted and glorified, commanded to follow him, saying: "But no, by your Lord, they will not [truly] believe until they make you judge concerning that over which they dispute among themselves" and "Say, [O Muhammad], 'If you should love Allah, then follow me, [so] Allah will love you.'" A section on what entails proper conduct with him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and His reply, exalted, by His own sacred Self against his enemy. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your noble master prophet, Your forgiving, clement messenger, from whose honors, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, upon his Lord is that He, exalted and glorified, commanded us to show proper conduct with him, saying: "O you who have believed, do not put [yourselves] before Allah and His Messenger, and fear Allah. Indeed, Allah is Hearing and Knowing." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your kind, merciful prophet, Your messenger who saves his community from the fire of Hell, from whose honors, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, upon his Lord is that He, exalted and glorified, commanded us to show proper conduct with him and not to raise our voices above his voice, saying: "O you who have believed, do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet or be loud to him in speech like the loudness of some of you to others, lest your deeds become worthless while you perceive not. Indeed, those who lower their voices before the Messenger of Allah, they are the ones whose hearts Allah has tested for righteousness. For them is forgiveness and a great reward." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, the most noble of creation in soul, lineage, and honor, the most favored and pleasing to Allah, from whose honors, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, upon his Lord is that He, exalted and glorified, forbade us to call him by his name, saying: "Do not make the calling of the Messenger among you as the calling of one of you to another." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the treasure of guidance and the hidden secret, among the supererogatory, obligatory, and sunna acts, from whose honors upon his Lord, exalted and glorified, is that when the polytheists accused him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, of madness and said, "O you upon whom the Reminder has been sent down, indeed you are mad," He, glorified, replied against them by His own sacred Self without intermediary, elevating his status, by His saying: "Nun. By the pen and what they inscribe, you are not, by the favor of your Lord, a madman." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best helper and supporter for the believers, the treasure of the poor, the distressed, and the needy, regarding whom it is narrated that al-As ibn Wa'il al-Sahmi, one of the mockers, when he saw the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, leaving the mosque while he was entering, they met at the gate of Banu Sahm and spoke, while some of the chiefs of Quraysh were sitting in the mosque. When al-As entered, they said to him, "Who was that you were speaking with?" He said, may Allah curse him, "That one who is cut off," meaning the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for he, peace be upon him, had lost a son from Khadija. So Allah, glorified, replied against him and undertook His answer by His saying: "Indeed, your enemy is the one cut off." I am your hater and your enemy is the lowly, contemptible one. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every rightly guided and mature one, the imam of every successful and happy one, regarding whom when the disbelievers said about him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "He has invented a lie about Allah or is there madness in him?" Allah, glorified, replied against them by His saying: "But those who do not believe in the Hereafter are in punishment and far error." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the farthest of creation from sin and the most averse to it, the highest in rank and the greatest in light, regarding whom when the polytheists said to him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "You are not a messenger," Allah, exalted, answered on his behalf by His saying: "Ya Sin. By the wise Quran, indeed you are among the messengers." And when they said to him, "How can we abandon our gods for a mad poet?" Allah, glorified, replied against them by His saying: "Rather, he has come with the truth and confirmed the messengers." And when they said to him, "A poet for whom we await the vicissitudes of time. This is nothing but a lie he has invented, and another people have helped him," Allah, glorified, replied against them by His saying: "And We did not teach him poetry, nor is it befitting for him." And He called them liars by His saying: "For they have come with injustice and falsehood." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your prophet for whom Gabriel was an envoy on the night of the Ascension, and Your beloved whom You gifted with every good and granted a renowned favor, regarding whom when he recited to the polytheists the tales of the ancients and al-Nadr ibn al-Harith said, "If we wished, we could say the like of this; this is nothing but legends of the ancients," Allah, exalted, said in refutation of them: "Say, 'If mankind and jinn gathered together to produce the like of this Quran, they could not produce the like of it, even if they were to each other assistants.'" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad.

The delight of lovers, and from the vision of his noble face, weariness vanishes and yearnings cool. When al-Walid ibn al-Mughira said, "This is nothing but sorcery that is transmitted; this is nothing but the speech of a human," Allah the Exalted said, consoling him (peace and blessings be upon him): "Such is what came to those before them of every messenger; they said, 'A sorcerer or a madman.'" ⁵⁸ And when they said, "Muhammad has been forsaken by his Lord," and they said, "What is this messenger that he eats food and walks in the markets?" ⁵⁹ Allah the Exalted replied to them with His words: "Your Lord has not forsaken you, nor has He hated [you]," ⁶⁰ and "We sent not before you any messengers except that they ate food and walked in the markets." ⁶¹ O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, (25) the best of those to whom You have granted honor and noble character, and whom You made Gabriel a companion and servant. When the enemies of Allah, the Jews, envied him for his many marriages and wives, saying, "His only concern is marriage," Allah replied to them and defended His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), saying: "Or do they envy people for what Allah has given them of His bounty? Indeed, We gave the family of Abraham the Scripture and wisdom and gave them a great kingdom." ⁶² O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the treasure of provisions, and the best through whom glad tidings came to his community. He was protected by Allah before and after his mission from minor and major sins. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who fulfilled the covenant and delivered the trust, and whom Allah sent with the law and religion. He was protected by Allah, like other prophets, from slander, falsehood, lies, and betrayal. A section on the obligation of loving him and following his Sunnah (peace be upon him). O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the mine of generosity, loyalty, and affection, and the best beloved for whom the lover traverses deserts and distances in visiting him. Allah has made it obligatory upon us to love him (peace and blessings be upon him) and thank him, for through him He brought us out of the darkness of disbelief into the light of faith and delivered us from the fire of ignorance to the paradise of certainty. There is no greater favor than his favor (peace and blessings be upon him) to us, and no one after Allah has a greater claim upon us than he. If a person were to spend his entire life in sending blessings upon him and thanking him, he would still be incapable of repaying even a portion of what is due. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the later and earlier ones, and the Kaaba ⁶³ of yearning lovers. Allah has made it obligatory upon us to love him (peace and blessings be upon him), saying: "Say, 'If your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your wives, your relatives, wealth which you have obtained, commerce which you fear may decline, and dwellings which you love are more beloved to you than Allah and His Messenger and striving in His cause, then wait until Allah brings about His command. And Allah does not guide the defiantly disobedient people.'" ⁶⁴ O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the obedient, and the imam of the humble and submissive. It is narrated from him (peace and blessings be upon him) that he said: "None of you [truly] believes until I am (27) more beloved to him than his father, his child, and all people." ⁶⁵ O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of the prophets and the chosen messengers, and the one through whom Allah subdued the enemies of His religion from the hypocrites and the wicked. It is narrated from him (peace and blessings be upon him) that he said: "Three things, whoever has them, will taste the sweetness of faith: that Allah and His Messenger are more beloved to him than anything else; that he loves a person only for the sake of Allah; and that he would hate to return to disbelief after Allah has saved him from it as he would hate to be thrown into the Fire." ⁶⁶ O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the great in status, rank, and dignity, and the most excellent of creation and the most beloved to the Most Merciful. It is narrated from our master Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said to him (peace and blessings be upon him): "You are more beloved to me than everything except my own self." He (peace be upon him) said to him: "You will not be a believer until I am more beloved to you than your own self." He said: "By Him who sent down the Book to you, you are more beloved to me than my own self." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Now, O Umar, now, O Umar, your faith is complete." ⁶⁷ O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every one of Your servants whose station You have raised and honored, and the most excellent of those whom You have brought near to Your presence and drawn close. It is narrated from him (peace and blessings be upon him) that he said to Safwan ibn Qudama when he said to him, "I love you": "A person is with whom he loves." ⁶⁸ And a man came to him and said, "O Messenger of Allah, when is the Hour?" He said, "What have you prepared for it?" He said, "I have not prepared much prayer, fasting, or charity, but I love Allah and His Messenger." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "You are with whom you love." ⁶⁹ O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the treasure of gnosis and secrets, and the ocean of generosity overflowing upon the righteous people of love. It is narrated from our master Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) took

By the hand of al-Hasan and al-Husayn, may Allah be pleased with them both, and he said: "Whoever loves me and loves these two and their father and their mother will be with me in my station on the Day of Resurrection." And he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Love for me does not mix with the heart of a man who loves me except that Allah makes his body forbidden to the Fire." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the light of the believer's sight and insight, and the most precious thing he possesses, and the most beloved friend to whom the poor one turns with his need and seeks refuge. It is narrated that a man came to him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said: "O Messenger of Allah, you are more beloved to me than my family, my wealth, and my children. I remember you and cannot bear it until I come and look at you. And I have thought of my death and your death, and I know that when you enter Paradise, you will be raised with the prophets, and if I enter it, I will not see you." So Allah, exalted, revealed: "And whoever obeys Allah and the Messenger, those will be with those upon whom Allah has bestowed favor of the prophets, the steadfast affirmers of truth, the martyrs, and the righteous. And excellent are those as companions." ⁷⁰ Then he, peace be upon him, called him and recited it to him. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whose noble saliva was sweeter than sugar and honey, and the best of strivers who never experienced weariness or boredom in obedience to Allah. It is narrated that when the slain of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, were killed on the day of Uhud, and the wailing increased in Medina, a woman from the Ansar came out and encountered her brother, father, son, and husband slain, not knowing which of them she had encountered first. Whenever she passed by one of them lying dead, she said: "Who is this?" They said: "Your brother, your father, your husband, your son." She said: "What has happened to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace?" They said: "He is ahead of you." Until she went to him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and took hold of the edge of his garment, then began to say: "May my father and mother be sacrificed for you, O Messenger of Allah, I do not care [about any harm] if you are safe from harm." In another narration, she said: "Every calamity after you is insignificant." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the people of earth and heaven, and the imam of the masters and the generous. It is narrated from our master 'Amr ibn al-'As that he said: "No one was more beloved to me than the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, nor more majestic in my eyes. I could not fill my eyes with him out of reverence for him, so that if I were told to describe him, I could not describe him." And our master 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said when asked how their love for the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was: "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was more beloved to us than our wealth, our children, our fathers, our mothers, and than cold water on a thirsty day." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of Your righteous servants, and the best of those who devote themselves to Your love and wander [in contemplation]. It is narrated that when the people of Mecca brought out Zayd ibn al-Dathinah from the sanctuary to kill him, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb said to him: "I adjure you by Allah, O Zayd, do you wish that Muhammad were now in your place so that his neck be struck and you be with your family?" Zayd said: "By Allah, I do not wish that Muhammad were now in the place where he is, and a thorn should prick him, while I am sitting with my family." So Abu Sufyan said: "I have never seen anyone among people love anyone as the companions of Muhammad love Muhammad." And it is narrated that 'Abdullah ibn Zayd was working in a garden of his, and his son informed him of the death of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He said, may Allah be pleased with him: "O Allah, take away my sight so that I do not see anyone after my beloved Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace." So Allah took away his sight instantly. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the intelligent and wise, and the master of every sage and physician. It is narrated that a woman who was negligent of herself was seen in a dream after her death, and it was said to her: "What did Allah do with you?" She said: "He forgave me." It was said: "For what?" She said: "For my love of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and my desire to look at him." So it was proclaimed: "Whoever desires to look at Our Beloved, We are too shy to humiliate him with Our reproach; rather, We bring together him and the Beloved." Section on the love of his noble companions, upon him be the best of prayers and peace. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whom Allah adorned with the ornament of compassion and mercy, so he was compassionate and merciful. And studying his reports and biography suffices for every intimate friend and companion. He whom Allah praised and commended his companions by His saying: "Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; and those with him are forceful against the disbelievers, merciful among themselves. You see them bowing and prostrating, seeking bounty from Allah and [His] pleasure. Their mark is on their faces from the trace of prostration. That is their description in the Torah. And their description in the Gospel is as a plant which produces its offshoots and strengthens them so they grow thick and stand straight on their stems, delighting the sowers—so that He may enrage by them the disbelievers. Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds among them forgiveness and a great reward." ⁷¹ O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of the righteous imams, and he whom Allah specially honored with the concluding verses of Surat al-Baqarah. He whom Allah praised his companions, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, by His saying: "And the first forerunners among the Muhajirun and the Ansar and those who followed them with good conduct—Allah is pleased with them and they are pleased with Him, and He has prepared for them gardens beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever. That is the great attainment." ⁷² "Certainly was Allah pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you under the tree." ⁷³ O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best to whom journeys are made, and the most excellent generous one to whom the needy turns and hopes for what he has. He whom Allah, mighty and majestic, praised his noble companions by His saying: "Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allah." ⁷⁴ O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best to whom the sinner clings for protection, and the most excellent one to whom hopes are directed and journeys end at his door.

That which is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "My Companions are like the stars; by whichever of them you are guided, you will be rightly guided. And their example is like that of salt in food; food is not good except with it." O Allah, bless and grant peace to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad. He abandoned falsehood entirely and with its farthest, and better than his intention towards the poor, so he realized for him the good opinion and helped him. That which is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "Allah, Allah regarding my Companions; do not take them as targets after me. Whoever loves them loves them out of love for me, and whoever hates them hates them out of hatred for me. Whoever befriends them has befriended me, and whoever shows enmity to me has shown enmity to me. Whoever harms them has harmed me, and whoever harms me has harmed Allah, and whoever harms Allah, He is about to seize him." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and grant blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, possessor of the pure and noble soul, the high station and the lofty rank ³⁴, that which is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "Do not revile my Companions, for if one of you were to spend the equivalent of Mount Uhud in gold, it would not reach a mudd ⁷⁵ of one of them, nor half of it." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and grant blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the best of creation in generosity and substitute, and whom You sent as a mercy to the worlds from us from You and as bounty, that which is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "Whoever reviles my Companions, upon him is the curse of Allah, the angels, and all people. Allah will not accept from him any exchange or compensation." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and grant blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those by whom You repelled harms and distress, and by whom You facilitated the path of spiritual wayfaring ⁷⁶ to You and the journey, that which is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "Indeed, Allah chose my Companions over all the worlds except the prophets and messengers, and He chose for me from among them four: Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman, and 'Ali, and made them the best... [ILLISIBLE] All my Companions are good." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and grant blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom You clothed in garments of honor and nobility and raised his station, ³⁵ and the most excellent of those whom You treated with kindness and removed from him reproach and blame, that which is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "O people, I am pleased with Abu Bakr, so forgive him for that. O people, I am pleased with 'Umar, 'Uthman, 'Ali, Talha, al-Zubayr, Sa'd, and 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf, so forgive them for that. O people, protect me regarding my Companions, my in-laws, and my co-fathers-in-law ⁷⁷; let none of them demand from you a wrong, for it is a wrong that will not be forgiven tomorrow on the Day of Resurrection." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and grant blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, possessor of the effective call and the blessings that return upon the people of love, that which is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "Protect me regarding my Companions and my in-laws, for whoever protects me regarding them, Allah will protect him in this world and the Hereafter, and whoever does not protect me regarding them, Allah will abandon him, and whoever Allah abandons, He is about to seize him." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and grant blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, possessor of increased favor, and the best trustee and witness with You, that which is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "Whoever protects me regarding my Companions will come to me at the Basin ⁷⁸, and whoever does not protect me regarding my Companions will not come to me at the Basin and will not see me except from afar." ³⁶ O Allah, bless, grant peace, and grant blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the best described with generosity, and the most excellent of those who sincerely performed for You his prayer and his fasting, that which is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "For a servant to meet Allah with the sins of the servants is better for him than to hate a man from among my Companions, for it is a sin that will not be forgiven for him on the Day of Resurrection." The virtues of the four caliphs, may Allah be pleased with them, in summary. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and grant blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the master of slaves and free men, and the best of those who pardoned the offender and sought excuses, that which from the virtues of his noble caliphs is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "May Allah have mercy on Abu Bakr; he married me to his daughter, carried me to the abode of emigration ⁷⁹, and freed Bilal. May Allah have mercy on 'Umar; he speaks the truth even if it is bitter. May Allah have mercy on 'Uthman; the angels feel shy before him. May Allah have mercy on 'Ali; O Allah, cause the truth to turn with him wherever he turns." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and grant blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the goal of my joy and delight, and by whose blessing my good deeds and rewards are multiplied ³⁷, that which from the virtues of his noble caliphs is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said to Abu Bakr: "O Abu Bakr, Allah Almighty created me from a jewel of light, then the Lord, majestic is His glory, looked at it and His names crystallized, then He stood me before Him, and I felt shy before Him and sweated, and four drops fell from me. He created you, O Abu Bakr, from the first drop, created 'Umar from the second, created 'Uthman from the third, and created 'Ali from the fourth. So your light, O Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman, and 'Ali, is from my light." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and grant blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the best of mankind, and the one whose intellects and understandings are bewildered by what his Lord bestowed upon him of gifts, that which from the virtues of his noble caliphs is narrated that when Allah Almighty created Adam, the light of our master Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, appeared in his back, and the angels used to stand behind his back looking at that light. Adam said: "O Lord, why are these looking at my back? He said: They are looking at the light of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, the seal of the prophets, whom I will bring forth from your back."

He said: "O Lord, make it for me where I see it." So it appeared on his index finger. Adam said: "O Lord, is there anything left of it?" He said: "Yes, the light of his companions." He said: "O Lord, place it in the rest of my fingers." So he placed the light of Abu Bakr in the middle finger ⁸⁰, the light of Umar in the ring finger, the light of Uthman in the little finger, and the light of Ali in the thumb. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the treasure of lights ⁸¹, and the one by whose law the laws of the people of churches and the girdle ⁸² were abrogated. Among the virtues of his noble successors is what is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said during the expedition of Tabuk: "O Allah, You have blessed my community in my companions, so do not deprive them of blessing, and unite them upon him—meaning Abu Bakr—and do not scatter his affair, for he has always preferred Your command over his own. O Allah, strengthen Umar, grant patience to Uthman, and guide Ali." And he, peace be upon him, said: "Indeed, Allah has made obligatory upon them the love of Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali, just as He made obligatory upon them prayer, alms, fasting, and pilgrimage. Whoever hates any one of them, Allah will not accept from him prayer, alms, or fasting, and he will be raised from his grave to the Fire." Whoever thinks well of Allah the Generous and * His Messenger will be recorded among the noble. And whoever loves the companions of the Chosen One ⁸³ will have * Gardens of Eden, seeing in its shade chambers. And whoever is a hater of them, then for him * is the Fire of Hell, and he will become weeping in regret. For they are the stars of guidance in every darkness, * and Allah suffices me in what I have said. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of everyone who precedes in good deeds, and who is dearer to the lovers than self, wealth, family, and the truthful, agreeable friend. Among the virtues of his noble successors is what is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "Indeed, my Basin ⁸⁴ has four pillars: one pillar is in the hand of Abu Bakr, the second in the hand of Umar, the third in the hand of Uthman, and the fourth in the hand of Ali. Whoever loves Abu Bakr and hates Umar, Abu Bakr will not give him to drink. Whoever loves Umar and hates Abu Bakr, Umar will not give him to drink. Whoever loves Uthman and hates Ali, Uthman will not give him to drink. Whoever loves Ali and hates Uthman, Ali will not give him to drink. Whoever speaks well of Abu Bakr has attained adornment. Whoever speaks ill of Umar has strayed from the path. Whoever speaks well of Uthman has been illuminated by the light of the Lord of the worlds. Whoever speaks well of Ali has grasped the firmest handhold ⁸⁵. Whoever speaks well of my companions will be safe, and whoever speaks ill of my companions will perish." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every noble knower and generous one, and the possessor of the lofty station and high rank. Among the virtues of his noble successors is what is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "Whoever brings joy to my companions has brought joy to me, and whoever brings joy to me has brought joy to Allah, and whoever brings joy to Allah, it is incumbent upon Allah to bring him joy and admit him to Paradise." And he said: "The love of these four does not gather except in the heart of a believer: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every thankful and praising one for Your grace, and Your prophet who subdues every disbeliever and denier of You. Among the virtues of his noble successors is what is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was sitting when Abu Bakr al-Siddiq ⁸⁶, may Allah be pleased with him, approached. He, peace be upon him, said to him: "Welcome to the one who consoles with his wealth, welcome to the one who prefers others over himself." Then Umar approached, and he said: "Welcome to the one who distinguishes between truth and falsehood, welcome to the one through whom Allah perfected the religion and strengthened the Muslims." Then Uthman approached, and he said: "Welcome to my son-in-law and husband of my daughter, through whom Allah combined my light, the blessed in his life, the martyr in his death, woe to his killer from the Fire." Then Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, approached, and he said: "Welcome to my brother and cousin, and the one whom I and he were created from one light." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of messengers to the worlds as a mercy and a favor, and through love of him as a protection from the punishment of Hell and a Paradise. Among the virtues of his noble successors is what is narrated that Noah, peace be upon him, whenever he made something on the ark, the termite would eat it at night. He complained to Allah Almighty, so Allah revealed to him: "Write upon it My eyes from My creation." He said: "O Lord, and what are Your eyes from Your creation?" He said: "They are the companions of My prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali." So Noah, peace be upon him, wrote them on its four sides, and it was preserved. And it is narrated that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, relied upon Abu Bakr and Umar, saying: "Thus we live, thus we die, and thus we enter Paradise." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the virtuous and intelligent, and the best of those who watch Allah and hold the soul to account with every breath. Among the virtues of his noble successors is what is narrated from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both: When the Day of Resurrection comes, a throne of red ruby will be brought, twenty miles long by twenty miles, with no crack or joint, suspended by the power of Allah Almighty. Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, will sit upon it. Then a throne of yellow ruby, similar to the first, will be brought, and Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, will sit upon it. Then a throne of green ruby, similar to the first, will be brought, and Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, will sit upon it. Then a throne of white ruby, similar to the first, will be brought, and Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, will sit upon it. Then Allah will command the thrones to fly with them, and they will fly with them to beneath the shade of the Throne ⁸⁷. Then a tent of moist pearls will be lowered over them; if the seven heavens and the seven earths and all that Allah created were gathered, they would be in a corner of that tent. Then four cups will be raised to them: a cup for Abu Bakr, a cup for Umar, a cup for Uthman, and a cup for Ali, may Allah be pleased with them all, and they will be given to drink. And that is His saying: "And We shall remove from their breasts any rancor; they will be brothers, on thrones facing each other" ⁸⁸.

Then Allah commands Hell to surge with its waves and cast out the rejecter and the disbeliever onto its surface. Then Allah unveils their sight, and they look upon the dwellings of the nation of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) in Paradise. Then they are returned to Hell, and they say: "Who are these people through whom we have been wretched, while through them the people have been blessed?" O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of all creation, both Arab and non-Arab, and the most excellent of everyone whom You have supported with a spirit from You and filled his heart with the light of faith and Islam. Among the virtues of his noble successors (caliphs) is what has been narrated from him (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) that he said: "I entered Paradise, and while I was walking through its gardens, among its rivers and trees, I reached out my hand to a fruit and took it. It split in my hand into four pieces, and from each piece emerged a *houri* (heavenly maiden). If she were to extend her fingernail, she would captivate the inhabitants of the heavens and the earth; if she were to extend her palm, her light would overpower the light of the sun and the moon; and if she were to smile, her fragrance would fill the space between the heavens and the earth with musk. I said to the first: 'Who are you?' She said: 'For Abu Bakr al-Siddiq.' I said: 'Go to the palace of your husband,' and she went. I said to the second: 'Who are you?' She said: 'For Umar ibn al-Khattab.' I said: 'Go to the palace of your husband,' and she went. I said to the third: 'Who are you?' She said: 'For Uthman, the one wrongfully dispossessed entirely, killed unjustly.' I said to her: 'Go to the palace of your husband,' and she went. I said to the fourth: 'Who are you?' She remained silent, then said: 'By Allah, O Messenger of Allah, Allah the Exalted created me in the beauty of Fatima, and indeed He named me after her name. And Allah the Exalted married me to Ali ibn Abi Talib a thousand years before he married Fatima.'" O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the light of my sight and my illumination, and the one through whose blessing I attain my desire and my cure. Among the virtues of his noble successors is what has been narrated from him (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) that he said: "I will come on the Day of Resurrection with Abu Bakr on my right, Umar on my left, Uthman behind me, and Ali before me, beneath the Banner of Praise (*Liwa' al-Hamd*). Upon it are two pieces: one of *sundus* (fine silk) and one of *istabraq* (brocade)." A Bedouin stood up and said: "May my father and mother be your ransom, O Messenger of Allah, Ali..." "How can he not be able to carry the Banner of Praise?" He said: "How could he not be able to carry it, when he has been given qualities: patience like my patience, beauty like the beauty of Joseph, and strength like the strength of Gabriel? Indeed, the Banner of Praise is in the hand of Ali ibn Abi Talib, and all of creation on that day will be beneath my banner." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of the banner and the *Hawd* (Cistern), and the intercessor for the disobedient on the Day of Resurrection and Presentation. Among the virtues of his noble successors is what has been narrated: that our master Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) and Uthman ibn Affan were engaged in some of the Prophet's (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) tasks, and the afternoon prayer (*Asr*) overtook them. Umar said to Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them both): "Go forward and lead us in prayer." Uthman said: "You are more deserving of going forward than I, O Umar, for the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) gave you precedence and praised you." Umar said: "I will not go forward ahead of you, for I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) say: 'What an excellent man is Uthman, my son-in-law and the husband of my daughter, and the one through whom Allah has combined my light.'" Uthman said: "I will not go forward ahead of you, for I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) say: 'Umar, through whom Allah perfected Islam.'" Umar said: "I will not go forward ahead of you, for I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) say: 'Uthman, the angels feel shy before him.'" Uthman said: "I will not go forward ahead of you, for I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) say: 'Umar, through whom Allah completed the religion and strengthened the Muslims.'" Umar said: "I will not go forward ahead of you, for I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) say: 'Uthman, who compiled the Qur'an, and he is the beloved of the Most Merciful.'" Uthman said: "I will not go forward ahead of you, for I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) say: 'What an excellent man is Umar, who looks after widows and orphans and carries food to them while they sleep.'" Umar said: "I will not go forward ahead of you, for I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) say concerning you: 'May Allah forgive Uthman, the equipper of the Army of Hardship.'" Uthman said: "I will not go forward ahead of you, for I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) say concerning you: 'O Allah, strengthen Islam through Umar ibn al-Khattab, and He named you al-Faruq (the Distinguisher), and through you Allah distinguished between truth and falsehood.'" This reached the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), and he prayed for them both and thanked them for their good manners towards one another. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad.

The beloved of the Most Merciful, the Oft-Returning, and of the Messenger, the Opener of what was closed of doors. Among the virtues of his noble successors (khulafā'ih al-kirām) is what was narrated from Abū Hurayrah (raḍiya Allāhu 'anhu) that Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq and our master 'Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (raḍiya Allāhu 'anhumā) came one day to the chamber of the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam). 'Alī said to Abū Bakr: "Proceed, and be the first knocker to knock on the door." Abū Bakr said: "You proceed, O 'Alī." 'Alī (raḍiya Allāhu 'anhu) said: "I am not one to proceed over a man regarding whom I heard the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) say: 'The sun has not risen nor set after me upon a man more excellent than Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq.'" Abū Bakr (raḍiya Allāhu 'anhu) said: "I am not one to proceed over a man regarding whom the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: 'I was given the best of women for the best of men.'" 'Alī said: "I will not proceed over a man regarding whom the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: 'Whoever wishes to look at the chest of Ibrāhīm al-Khalīl (the Intimate Friend), let him look at the chest of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq.'" Abū Bakr said: "I will not proceed over a man regarding whom the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: 'Whoever wishes to look at Ādam, and at Yūsuf and his beauty, and at Mūsā and his prayer, and at 'Īsā and his asceticism, and at Muḥammad (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) and his character, let him look at 'Alī.'" 'Alī said: "I will not proceed over a man regarding whom the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: 'When all of creation are gathered in the plains of the Resurrection on the Day of Regret and Remorse, a caller will call from the side of the Truth ('azza wa jalla): "O Abū Bakr, enter you and your beloved into Paradise."'" Abū Bakr said: "I will not proceed over a man regarding whom the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said on the Day of Ḥunayn and Khaybar, when he had gifted him dates and milk: 'This is a gift from the Seeker, the Victorious, to 'Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib.'" 'Alī (raḍiya Allāhu 'anhu) said: "I will not proceed over a man regarding whom the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: 'You, O Abū Bakr, are my eye.'" Abū Bakr said: "I will not proceed over a man regarding whom the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: ''Alī will come upon a mount from the mounts of Paradise, and a caller will call: "O Muḥammad, you had in the world a good father and a good brother. As for the good father, it is your father Ibrāhīm al-Khalīl; and as for the good brother, it is 'Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib."'" 'Alī (raḍiya Allāhu 'anhu) said: "I will not proceed over a man regarding whom the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: 'When the Day of Resurrection comes, Riḍwān, the Keeper of the Gardens, will come with the keys of Paradise and the keys of the Fire, and will say: "O Abū Bakr, the Lord (jalla jalāluhu) sends you greetings of peace and says to you: These are the keys of Paradise and the keys of the Fire; send whom you wish to Paradise and send whom you wish to the Fire."'" Abū Bakr said: "I will not proceed over a man regarding whom the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: 'Indeed, Jibrīl came to me and said to me: "O Muḥammad, indeed Allāh ('azza wa jalla) sends you greetings of peace and says to you: I love you, and I love 'Alī." So I prostrated in gratitude. "And I love Fāṭimah." So I prostrated in gratitude. "And I love Ḥasan and Ḥusayn." So I prostrated in gratitude.'" 'Alī said: "I will not proceed over a man regarding whom the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: 'If the faith of Abū Bakr were weighed against the faith of the people of the earth, it would outweigh them.'" Abū Bakr said: "I will not proceed over a man regarding whom the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: 'Indeed, 'Alī will come on the Day of Resurrection with his children and his wife upon mounts of fine bodies (al-badan), and the people of the Resurrection will say: "Which prophet is this?" Then a caller will call: "This is the beloved of Allāh (ḥabīb Allāh); this is 'Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib."'" 'Alī (raḍiya Allāhu 'anhu) said: "I will not proceed over a man regarding whom the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: 'Tomorrow the people of the Gathering will hear from the eight gates of Paradise: "Enter from wherever you wish, O Greatest Ṣiddīq (Truthful One)."'" Abū Bakr said: "I will not proceed over a man regarding whom the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: 'Between my palace and the palace of Ibrāhīm al-Khalīl is the palace of 'Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib.'" 'Alī said: "I will not proceed over a man regarding whom the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: 'Indeed, the inhabitants of the heavens—the Cherubim (al-karūbiyyīn), the Spiritual Beings (al-rūḥāniyyīn), and the Most High Assembly (al-mala' al-a'lā)—look every day upon Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq.'" Abū Bakr said: "I will not proceed over a man regarding whom the Messenger of Allāh (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) said—and the right of his Household—'And they give food, out of love for Him, to the poor, the orphan, and the captive.'" 'Alī said: "I will not proceed over a man regarding whom Allāh ('azza wa jalla) said: 'And he who brought the truth and [he who] believed in it—those are the righteous.'" Then Jibrīl ('alayhi al-salām) descended upon the Truthful, the Trustworthy, from the Lord of the Worlds, and said: "O Muḥammad, the Most High, the Supreme, sends you greetings of peace and says to you: Indeed, the angels of the seven heavens are looking at this very hour upon Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq and upon 'Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib, and they are hearing what has transpired between them of excellent etiquette (ḥusn al-adab) and excellent response from each to the other. So go out to them and be the third of them, for indeed Allāh ta'ālā has encompassed them with mercy and good pleasure (al-raḥmah wa al-riḍwān), and has distinguished them with excellent etiquette, Islam, and faith (al-īmān)." So he (ṣallā Allāhu 'alayhi wa sallam) went out to them and found them as [they were].

Gabriel mentioned them, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) kissed the face of each of them and said: "By the right of Him in Whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, if the seas became ink, the trees pens, and the inhabitants of the heavens and the earth scribes, they would be unable to [enumerate] your merit and describe what you have been given of reward and recompense." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad. * Who can enumerate the praise of Muhammad ⁸⁹? * And He raised 'Umar al-Faruq ⁹⁰ to a station, * And 'Uthman ⁹¹ attained merit through the Prophet, and * And Dhu al-Fiqar ⁹² belongs to 'Ali al-Murtada ⁹³, so for him * They are a refuge for those who fear the Reckoning when * Upon them be the blessings of Allah as long as lightning flashes * Muhammad and upon al-Siddiq ⁹⁴, his companion, * And he attained honor and glory in his ranks (50) * All creatures fell short of [praising] his virtues * A sea of knowledge, manifesting wonders * Affairs became straitened for them in their ways * In the night, lights of lightning in its darkness O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who wore the cloak and turban, the most excellent of beautiful ones, whose noble attributes Allah perfected and completed. Among the merits of his noble successors is what was related from Imam al-Shafi'i ⁹⁵ (may Allah be pleased with him): He said: I saw in Mecca a bishop ⁹⁶ circumambulating the Ka'ba ⁹⁷. I said to him: What made you leave the religion of your fathers? He said: I exchanged it for something better. I said: How so? He said: I traveled by sea, and when we were in the middle, the ship broke. The waves kept tossing me until they cast me onto an island in the sea, with many trees bearing dates sweeter than honey and softer than butter, and a sweet river. I praised Allah for that and said: I will eat from the trees and drink from this river until Allah decrees my fate. When the day ended, I feared for myself from wild beasts, so I climbed a tree and slept on one of its branches. In the middle of the night, there was a creature on the surface of the water glorifying Allah Almighty, saying: "There is no god but Allah, the Mighty, the Compeller; Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, the Chosen Prophet; Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, his companion in the cave; 'Umar al-Faruq, the conqueror of cities; 'Uthman, the martyr in his house; 'Ali, the Sword of Allah against the disbelievers. Upon their hater be the curse of the Mighty Compeller, and his abode is Hell, and evil is the destination." It kept repeating these words until dawn. When dawn broke, it said: "There is no god but Allah, the True in Promise; Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, the Guide, the Rightly Guided; Abu Bakr, the one granted success in right guidance; 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, a fortress of iron; 'Uthman, the possessor of merit, the martyr; 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, the one of severe might. Upon their hater be the curse of the Glorious King." Then I came to the shore, and behold, its head was like an ostrich's head, its face like a human face, its legs like a camel's legs, and its tail like a fish's tail. I feared for my life, then I fled, but it spoke with an eloquent tongue: "O you, stop, or you will perish!" So I stopped. It said: "What is your religion?" I said: "The Christian religion." It said: "Woe to you! Return to the religion of monotheism ⁹⁸, for you have alighted in the courtyard of a people from the Muslim jinn ⁹⁹; none will escape them except a Muslim." I said: "What is Islam?" It said: "You bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah." So I said it. It said: "Complete your Islam by expressing pleasure with Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman, and 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with them)." I said: "Who brought you this?" It said: "Some of us attended the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and heard him say: 'On the Day of Resurrection, Paradise will come and call out with a fluent, eloquent tongue: "My Lord, You promised me that You would strengthen my pillars." The Majestic (glory be to Him) will say: "I have strengthened your pillars with Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman, and 'Ali, and adorned you with al-Hasan and al-Husayn ¹⁰⁰."'" Then the creature said: "Do you wish to stay here or return to your family?" I said: "Return to my family." It said: "Wait until a ship passes." While we were thus, a ship came sailing. It gestured to them, and they gave me a small boat. I boarded it, then came to them and found the ship had twelve men, all Christians. They said: "What brought you here?" I told them my story, and they all marveled and embraced Islam to the last of them, by the blessing of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the sea of gifts; by the blessing of blessings upon him, requests are facilitated. Among the merits of his noble successors is what was related from him (peace and blessings be upon him) that one day he ascended the pulpit, praised Allah, and extolled Him, then said: "Where is Abu Bakr?" He said: "Here I am, O Messenger of Allah." He said: "Come closer to me." So he drew near, and he embraced him to his chest, kissed him between the eyes, and said in a loud voice: "O assembly of Muslims, this is Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, the elder of the Emigrants and Helpers ¹⁰¹; this is my companion and friend. He believed me when

To Noah, so let him look to 'Umar; and whoever wishes to look to Moses, so let him look to 'Uthman; and whoever wishes to look to Aaron, so let him look to 'Ali. And he said: "Abu Bakr is to my eye from my head, and 'Umar is to my tongue, and 'Uthman is to my goodness, and 'Ali is to my soul from my body." (55) * A people who have, with the Lord of the Throne, a station, * And sanctity, and glad tidings, and honor. * They succeeded by the companionship of the best of creation, and they were characterized * By his description, so they are for mankind beacons. * For in Abu Bakr al-Siddiq have come down * Traces of virtue, for which in the Remembrance are rulings. * And after him, 'Umar al-Faruq, his companion, * By him was perfected, in the horizons, Islam. * And likewise, the pious 'Uthman, the martyr, for him * In the night is a portion, and by the Criterion (al-Furqan) he is steadfast. * And for the Imam 'Ali al-Murtada are gifts, * For him are respect, exaltation, and honor. * They are the Companions; by them, for the Guide, became clear * The paths of guidance, and upon good deeds they persisted. * Upon them be the most fragrant of the peace of God, * As long as people break their fast on the day of doubt or fast. The Virtues (Manaqib) of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may God be pleased with him: O God, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom his Lord protected, preserved, and guarded, and the most excellent of everyone whom He blessed with what He gave him of goodness and granted him ease, concerning whom it is narrated that Abu Bakr, may God be pleased with him, was called in the Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic period) 'Abd al-Ka'bah, so the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, named him 'Abd Allah. And he was called al-'Atiq (the freed one) because he, peace be upon him, said: "Whoever wishes to look at one freed from the Fire, let him look at Abu Bakr." And he, may God bless him and grant him peace, named him al-Siddiq (the Truthful) due to his confirmation of the news of the Night Journey (al-Isra'). He was the first man to embrace Islam, and the cause of his Islam was that he saw one day in his dream (56) while he was in al-Sham (Greater Syria), that the sun and the moon descended into his lap, then he took them with his hand and pressed them to his chest and let his cloak fall over them. He awoke and went to a Christian monk to ask him about the dream and requested its interpretation. The monk said to him: "Where are you from?" He said: "From Mecca." He said: "And from which tribe?" He said: "From Banu Taym." He said: "And what is your business?" He said: "Trade." The monk said to him: "There will appear in your time a man called Muhammad al-Amin; you will follow him, and he will be from the tribe of Banu Hashim, and he is the Prophet of the end of time. Were it not for him, God would not have created the heavens and the earths and what is in them, nor would He have created Adam, nor would He have created the prophets and the messengers. He is the master of the prophets and the seal of the messengers. You will enter his religion and be his vizier and his successor after him. I have found his description and his attribute in the Gospel and the Psalms. I have embraced Islam and believed in him, but I concealed my Islam out of fear of the Christians." When Abu Bakr heard the description of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, his heart softened and he yearned to see him. He came to Mecca and found him, and he loved him and could not bear an hour without seeing him. When the matter prolonged, he, may God bless him and grant him peace, said to him one day: "O Abu Bakr, every day you come to me and sit with me, yet you do not embrace Islam." Abu Bakr said: "If you are a prophet, then you must have a miracle." The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said to him: "Is not the miracle which you saw in al-Sham and which the monk interpreted for you sufficient?" So Abu Bakr said: "I bear witness that there is no god but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad (57) is the Messenger of God." O God, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, sound of mind and thought, and the Imam of the people of praise and gratitude, concerning whom, among the virtues of his successor Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may God be pleased with him, is what is narrated from Abu Hurayrah, who said: "The Emigrants (Muhajirun) and the Helpers (Ansar) gathered with the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace. Abu Bakr said: 'By your life, O Messenger of God, I have never prostrated to an idol at all.' 'Umar, may God be pleased with him, became angry and said: 'You say this, yet you were in the Jahiliyyah for such and such years.' Abu Bakr, may God be pleased with him, said: 'Abu Quhafah took my hand and led me to a chamber in which there were idols. He said to me: "These are your high gods, so prostrate to them." Then he left me alone and went away. I approached the idol and said to it: "I am hungry, so feed me," but it did not answer me. I said: "I am thirsty, so give me drink," but it did not answer me. I said: "I am naked, so clothe me." Then I took a rock and said: "I am going to throw this rock at you; if you are a god, then protect yourself from it." It did not answer me, so I threw the rock at it, and it fell on its face. My father came and said: "What is this, my son?" I said: "This is what you see." He took me to my mother and told her. She said: "Leave him; this is the one with whom God spoke to me." I said: "O mother, what did God speak to you about?" She said: "On the night when labor pains struck me and I had no one with me, I heard a caller saying—I heard (58) the voice but did not see the person: "O handmaiden of God, in truth, indeed rejoice in the freed child (al-'Atiq). His name in heaven is al-Siddiq. For Muhammad, a companion and a friend."'" Abu Hurayrah said: "When Abu Bakr, may God be pleased with him, finished his speech, Gabriel descended upon the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, and said to him three times: 'Abu Bakr has spoken the truth.'" O God, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the people of divine success (tawfiq) and the Imam of the people of reality (haqiqah) and verification (tahqiq), concerning whom, among the virtues of his successor Abu Bakr, may God be pleased with him, is what is narrated from our master 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, who said regarding the saying of God, Exalted and Majestic: "My Lord, inspire me to be grateful for Your favor which You have bestowed upon me and upon my parents" (Qur'an 46:15): It was revealed concerning Abu Bakr; both his parents embraced Islam together, and that was not combined for anyone among the Emigrants. And God, Exalted and Majestic, said concerning him: "The second of the two when they were in the cave, when he said to his companion, 'Do not grieve; indeed God is with us.' Then God sent down His tranquility upon him" (Qur'an 9:40). And He also said concerning him: "Is one who is devoutly obedient during the hours of the night, prostrating and standing, fearing the Hereafter and hoping for the mercy of his Lord" (Qur'an 39:9). And He said concerning him: "And the one who brought the truth and the one who confirmed it" (Qur'an 39:33). And He said concerning him: "Then God will bring a people whom He loves and who love Him" (Qur'an 5:54). And he, may God bless him and grant him peace, said concerning him: "Indeed, the most generous of people to me in his companionship and his wealth is Abu Bakr. If I were to take an intimate friend (khalil) from my nation, I would take Abu Bakr as an intimate friend, but rather the brotherhood of Islam and its affection. (59) Let no door remain in the mosque except the door of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq." O God, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the people of truthfulness (sidq) and confirmation (tasdiq), and the sultan of the gnostics ('arifin), the people of allusion (isharah) and precision (tadqiq), who...

Among the virtues of his successor Abu Bakr, may God be pleased with him, is what was narrated from him, peace and blessings be upon him, that he said: "O Abu Bakr, indeed God has given you the greatest pleasure ¹⁰²." He said: "What is the greatest pleasure, O Messenger of God?" He said: "He will manifest Himself ¹⁰³ to His servants on the Day of Resurrection generally, and to you specifically." And he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "No one's wealth has benefited me as much as the wealth of Abu Bakr." So Abu Bakr wept and said: "Am I and my wealth anything but for you, O Messenger of God?" And he said: "No one is greater in my sight than Abu Bakr, in terms of his tongue, himself, his wealth, and my wife being his daughter." And Abu al-Darda' said: The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, saw me walking ahead of Abu Bakr and said: "O Abu al-Darda', do you walk ahead of one who is better than you in this world and the Hereafter? The sun has not risen nor set, after the prophets and messengers, upon anyone better than Abu Bakr al-Siddiq." O God, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the beloved of my heart and my desire, and through the blessing of prayer upon him my rank is elevated. Among the virtues of his successor Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may God be pleased with him, is what was narrated from him, peace and blessings be upon him, that he said: "You are my companion in the cave ¹⁰⁴ and my companion at the Basin ¹⁰⁵." And he, peace and blessings be upon him, said to a woman who spoke to him about something, and he ordered her to return to him. She said: "O Messenger of God, if I do not find you"—as if she meant death—he said: "Then go to Abu Bakr." And he, peace be upon him, said: "The most dear to me, the most honorable to me, the most beloved to me, and the closest to me in state are my companions who believed in me and affirmed me. And the most dear of my companions to me, the best of them in my sight, the closest to God, and the most virtuous in this world and the Hereafter is Abu Bakr al-Siddiq. For the people denied me, and he affirmed me; they disbelieved in me, and he believed in me; they made me feel lonely, and he comforted me; they abandoned me, and he accompanied me; they isolated themselves from me, and he gave me his daughter in marriage; they were ascetic toward me, and he was eager for me; and he preferred me over himself, his family, and his wealth. So God Almighty will reward him on my behalf on the Day of Resurrection. Whoever loves me, let him love him; whoever desires my kinship, let him draw near to him; and whoever desires closeness to God Almighty, let him listen and obey, for he is the caliph after me over my community." O God, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of existence, distinguished by generosity and munificence. Among the virtues of his successor Abu Bakr, may God be pleased with him, is what was narrated from him, peace and blessings be upon him, that he said: "A caller will call out: 'Where are the foremost predecessors ¹⁰⁶?' It will be said: 'Who?' Then it will be said: 'Where is Abu Bakr?' Then God will manifest Himself to him specifically and to the people generally." And Jabir ibn 'Abd Allah, may God be pleased with him, said: We were with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and he said: "A man will appear whom God has not created after me anyone better or more virtuous than him, and he will have intercession for the intercession of the prophets." Then Abu Bakr appeared, and he, peace and blessings be upon him, stood up to him and kissed him. And Anas, may God be pleased with him, said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, met Gabriel in the highest assembly ¹⁰⁷ and said: "O Gabriel, will my community be held to account?" He said: "Yes, O intimate friend ¹⁰⁸ of Abu Bakr. It will be said to him: 'Enter Paradise.' He will say: 'I will not enter it until those who loved me in the abode of this world enter it.'" And he, peace be upon him, said: "On the night when Abu Bakr was born, your Lord manifested Himself over the Gardens of Eden ¹⁰⁹ and said: 'By My might and majesty, I will not admit anyone into you except those who love this newborn.'" O God, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who raised the beacon of religion and clarified the path, the most virtuous of those to whom creatures come for visitation from every deep valley. Among the virtues of his successor Abu Bakr, may God be pleased with him, is what was narrated from him, peace and blessings be upon him, that he said to 'A'isha, may God be pleased with her: "Shall I not inform you that I love you?" She said: "Yes, O Prophet of God." He said: "Indeed, your father's name is written upon the heart of the sun, and the sun faces the Ka'ba every day and refrains from passing over it. Then the angel entrusted with it rebukes it and says: 'By the right of the name within you, you must pass.' So it passes." And he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "On the night of the Ascension ¹¹⁰, I saw in every heaven a luminescence ¹¹¹ in the form of Abu Bakr. I said: 'O Lord, have You taken Abu Bakr up to be tried?' He said: 'No, but out of My love for him, I created in every heaven a luminescence in his form.'" And it is narrated that the angels gathered beneath the Tree of Tuba ¹¹². One angel said: "I wish that God would give me the strength of a thousand angels and clothe me with the feathers of a thousand birds, so that I might fly around Paradise until I reach its edge." So God gave him that. He flew for a thousand years until his strength left him and his feathers fell off. Then He gave him strength and wings again, and he flew for a thousand years a second time until his strength left him and his feathers fell off. Then He gave him strength and wings a third time, and he flew for a thousand years until his strength left him and his feathers fell off. So he fell at the gate of a palace, weeping. A hourī ¹¹³ looked out at him and said: "O angel, why do I see you weeping? This is not a place of weeping and sorrow; rather, it is a place of joy and happiness." He said: "Because I challenged God Almighty regarding His power." Then he told her his story. She said to him: "You have risked yourself. Do you know how far you flew in these three thousand years?" He said: "No." She said: "By the might of my Lord, you have not flown more than one part out of ten thousand parts of what God Almighty has prepared for Abu Bakr al-Siddiq." O God, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom You supported with might and victory, the most virtuous prophet who subdued enemies and brought upon them humiliation and deceit. Among the virtues of his successor al-Siddiq is what was narrated from him, peace and blessings be upon him, that he said: "Love of Abu Bakr and gratitude toward him are obligatory upon every one of my community." And he said: "All of them will be called to account except Abu Bakr." And he said: "Abu Bakr is freed ¹¹⁴ in heaven, freed on earth." And he said: "Abu Bakr is the best of this community, unless there be a prophet." And he said: "Were it not for Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, Islam would have been lost." And he said: "The likeness of Abu Bakr is like milk in purity." And he said: "The likeness of Abu Bakr is like rain; wherever it falls, it benefits." And he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Gabriel came to me just now, and I said to him: 'O Gabriel, tell me about the virtues of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab.' He said: 'If I were to tell you about the virtues of 'Umar for as long as Noah stayed among his people...'"

His people said: The virtues of 'Umar ¹¹⁵ are never exhausted, and indeed 'Umar is one of the good deeds of Abu Bakr ¹¹⁶. O Allah, bless and grant peace to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, Your Prophet distinguished by sublime rank, and Your Messenger surpassing every possessor of virtue and beautiful description. Among the virtues of his successor al-Siddiq ¹¹⁷ is what is narrated: One day he—may Allah be pleased with him—looked at the face of our master 'Ali ibn Abi Talib—may Allah be pleased with him—and then smiled. 'Ali said to him: "What makes you smile?" He replied: "I heard the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—say: 'None shall pass over the Bridge ¹¹⁸ except one for whom 'Ali has been granted the pass.'" 'Ali said: "And I heard him say: 'The pass is granted only to one who loves Abu Bakr.'" It is also narrated that the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—stood for the dawn prayer, and when he finished he said: "Where is Abu Bakr?" He replied: "At your service, O Messenger of Allah." He said: "Did you join me in the first rak'ah ¹¹⁹?" He said: "I was with you in the first row, but something whispered to me about my ablution, so I went out to the door of the mosque. A caller called out to me: 'O Abu Bakr!' I turned and saw a vessel—that is, a bucket of gold—containing water whiter than snow and sweeter than honey, with a cloth on it on which was written: 'There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq.' Then I performed ablution and put the cloth back in its place." The Prophet said: "O Abu Bakr, when you finished the recitation, my knee seized up and I could not bow until you came. Indeed, the one who performed your ablution was Gabriel, the one who wiped you was Michael, and the one who took hold of my knee was Israfil ¹²⁰." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the talisman of my honor, pride, and sovereignty, and through affiliation with whom my rank and glory are magnified. Among the virtues of his successor al-Siddiq is what is narrated: A woman from the Ansar ¹²¹ came to the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—and said: "O Messenger of Allah, I saw in a dream as if the palm tree in my courtyard had fallen, while my husband was on a journey." He said to her: "You must be patient, for you will never meet him again." The woman left weeping. She saw Abu Bakr and told him her dream, but did not mention the Prophet's words. He said: "Go, for you will meet him tonight." She entered her house pondering the words of the Prophet and Abu Bakr. When night came, her husband arrived. She went to the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—and told him about her husband. He looked at her for a long time. Then Gabriel came and said: "O Muhammad, what you said is the truth, but when al-Siddiq said that she would meet him tonight, Allah was too shy to let a lie issue from his tongue, for he is al-Siddiq." It is also narrated that a man died in Medina, and the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—wanted to pray over him. Gabriel descended and said: "O Muhammad, do not pray over him." So he refrained. Then Abu Bakr came and said: "O Prophet of Allah, pray over him, for I know nothing but good from him." Gabriel descended and said: "O Muhammad, pray over him, for the testimony of Abu Bakr takes precedence over my testimony." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of all whose rank Allah has raised, magnified, and glorified, and the most excellent of all who chant the Qur'an in the depths of the night and repeat it. Among the virtues of his successor al-Siddiq is what is narrated from him—peace and blessings be upon him—that he said: "The angels will receive Abu Bakr al-Siddiq and bring him down to Paradise." He also said: "On the night of the Night Journey ¹²², I saw in Paradise a tower whose top was silk and whose bottom was silk. I said: 'O Gabriel, for whom is this tower?' He said: 'For Abu Bakr.'" He also said: "In Paradise there are houris ¹²³ created by Allah from musk, called the musk-houris; none marry them except a prophet, a siddiq, or a martyr. Abu Bakr will have four hundred of them." It is narrated that the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—gave his ring to Abu Bakr and said: "Engrave on it: 'There is no god but Allah.'" Abu Bakr gave it to the engraver and said: "Engrave on it: 'There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.'" When Abu Bakr brought it to the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—he found on it: "There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq." He said: "What is this addition, O Abu Bakr?" He replied: "I was not content to separate your name from the name of Allah. As for the rest, I did not say it." Then Gabriel descended and said: "Allah Almighty says: 'I have written the name of Abu Bakr because he was not content to separate your name from My name, so I am not content to separate his name from your name, O Muhammad.'" O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the sun of guidance and success, the possessor of connected honor and deep-rooted lineage. Among the virtues of his successor Abu Bakr—may Allah be pleased with him—is what is narrated: The Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—wrote to the Jews of Khaybar ¹²⁴, inviting them to Islam, to establish prayer, to give alms, and to lend Allah a goodly loan. One of them said: "Allah is poor, that He asks us for a loan." Abu Bakr slapped his face and said: "By Him in Whose hand is my soul, were it not for the treaty between us and you, I would have struck your neck." Then Abu Bakr went to the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—and told him about it. The Jew denied it, so Allah—mighty and majestic—revealed: "Allah has indeed heard the statement of those who said, 'Allah is poor and we are rich'" ¹²⁵, confirming Abu Bakr. The Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—said: "O Abu Bakr, Allah has given you the reward of everyone who believed in Him from the time He created Adam until He sent me, and Allah has given you the reward of everyone who believed in me from the time He sent me until the Hour is established." He also said: "Allah has written on it: 'There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq.'" O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the sea of generosity, grace, and favor, and the best of all who cling to Allah and have good opinion of Him. Among the virtues of his successor al-Siddiq is what is narrated: A Jew came to him—may Allah be pleased with him—and said: "By Him Who sent Moses as a prophet, I love you." He did not raise his head to him, out of disdain for him. Then Gabriel descended and said: "O Muhammad, Allah sends you greetings and says: 'Tell the Jew that Allah has removed from him two traits in the Fire: that fetters will not be placed on his feet, nor a chain on his neck.'" The Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—informed him of that. He said: "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that you are the Messenger of Allah. By Him Who sent you with the truth, my love for Abu Bakr has only increased." The Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—said: "Congratulations! Allah has turned away from you Hellfire with all its parts, due to your love for Abu Bakr, and has admitted you to Paradise." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of the seal, the crown, and the turban, the fountainhead of honor, glory, and dignity. Among the virtues of his successor al-Siddiq is what is narrated:

The virtues of his successor, al-Ṣiddīq ¹²⁶. It is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, prepared food and invited his companions, feeding them with his noble hand, morsel by morsel, and said: "The master of a people is their servant." He fed Abū Bakr three morsels. Al-ʿAbbās, may Allah be pleased with him, asked him about that, and he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "When I fed him the first morsel, Jibrīl said, 'Congratulations to you, O ʿAtīq ¹²⁷!' When I fed him the second, Mīkāʾīl said, 'Congratulations to you, O Rafīq ¹²⁸!' When I fed him the third, the Lord of Might said to him, 'Congratulations to you, O Ṣiddīq!'" And he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "None of us returns [a favor] nor is there any like him except Abū Bakr, for he has with us a favor for which Allah will reward him on the Day of Resurrection." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muḥammad and upon the family of our master Muḥammad, the grateful, the praiseworthy, and the best of those who honor the visitor and the one who comes to him. Among the virtues of his successor, al-Ṣiddīq, it is narrated that our master ʿAlī, may Allah be pleased with him, said to him: "O Abū Bakr, by what did you attain this rank until you preceded us?" He said: "By five things: First, I found people to be of two types—seekers of this world and seekers of the Hereafter—and I was a seeker of the Master. Second, I have never been satiated with the food of this world since I entered Islam, because the pleasure of knowledge ¹²⁹ occupied me from the pleasure of worldly food. Third, I have never quenched my thirst with the drink of this world since I entered Islam, because love of Allah occupied me from the pleasure of worldly drink. Fourth, whenever two deeds confronted me—a deed for this world and a deed for the Hereafter—I chose the deed of the Hereafter. Fifth, I accompanied the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and I excelled in his companionship." And our master ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "I wish that I were a hair on the chest of Abū Bakr, and I wish that all my deeds were from the deeds of Abū Bakr in a single day." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muḥammad and upon the family of our master Muḥammad, the best of those who sincerely performed night prayer ¹³⁰ and standing [in prayer] for You, and the most excellent of all whose virtue You manifested in this world and in the abode of honor. Among the virtues of his successor, al-Ṣiddīq, it is narrated that he, may Allah be pleased with him, said in the cave ¹³¹: "O Messenger of Allah, I have known your station with Allah Almighty through prophethood and messengership, so by what [am I distinguished]?" He, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "I am the Messenger of Allah, and you are my Ṣiddīq, my wing, my intimate companion, and you are my successor after me, standing among the people with my piety, and you are my bedfellow. And Allah has forgiven you and your lovers until the Day of Resurrection." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muḥammad and upon the family of our master Muḥammad, the best of those who soften speech, and the most excellent of those who stood for You in the darkness of the night, performing night prayer while people were asleep. Among the words of his successor, al-Ṣiddīq, it is narrated that when death approached him, may Allah be pleased with him, he sent for ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, may Allah be pleased with him, and said: "I advise you with a counsel: if you accept it from me, [know that] Allah Almighty has a right at night that He does not accept during the day, and He has a right during the day that He does not accept at night. And He, Almighty, does not accept supererogatory [acts] until the obligatory [acts] are performed. Know that Allah Almighty mentioned the people of Paradise by their best deeds, so one might say, 'Where does my deed fall among the deeds of these?' That is because Allah overlooked their evil deeds and did not reproach them. And He mentioned the people of Hell by their worst deeds, so one might say, 'I am better than these in deed.' That is because Allah rejected their best deeds and did not accept them. Do you not see that the scales of those whose scales are heavy in the Hereafter are heavy only because they followed the truth in this world, and that was heavy upon them? It is fitting that a scale in which only truth is placed should be heavy. Do you not see that the scales of those whose scales are light are light only because they followed falsehood in this world, and that was light upon them? It is fitting that a scale in which only falsehood is placed should be light. Do you not see that Allah Almighty sent down the verse of ease at the peak of hardship, and the peak of hardship at the peak of ease, so that the servant may be both hopeful and fearful, neither casting himself into destruction nor wishing for anything from Allah other than the truth? If you preserve my counsel, then let no absent thing be more beloved to you than death, and you must inevitably meet it. But if you neglect this counsel of mine, then let no absent thing be more hateful to you than death, and you will never escape it. And peace." O Allah, I ask You, O my Master, by the right of the successor of Your chosen Prophet, the mine of pride, the treasure of dignity, his intimate companion in the cave, the elder of the Emigrants and Helpers, the one who preceded to Islam with acceptance, described with truthfulness, justice, loyalty, and repentance, the best of the Companions in reality, our master and lord Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq: Grant us success, make us among the people of truth and realization, guide us on the paths of salvation to the most beneficial way, and save us in this world from obstacles that distract from You, from worry, grief, sorrow, overwhelming debt, and poverty, and in the Hereafter from the blazing fire, by Your grace, bounty, and generosity, O Most Merciful of the merciful. Seek intercession with the Lord through the rank of Abū Bakr, You will attain desires, goodness, virtue, and reward. The successor of the best of creation, the apple of his eye, His companion in the cave, in religion, and in the grave. Through him, Islam was strengthened after his death, And he strove against the enemies of God in disbelief. His wife, al-Ṣiddīqa ¹³², whose virtue is clear Over all women, truly without denial. He consoled him with abundant wealth, preferring His chosen self over his own in times of hardship. For him, the Merciful raised a rank in virtue, And supported him with the Spirit ¹³³, might, and victory. He named him Ṣiddīq and manifested his virtue Before the highest assembly and the worldly gathering. His virtues—by Allah—no one can fully Enumerate among creation; speak of the sea! With his praises, the Book came informing, And the best praise is that in the clear Remembrance ¹³⁴. For him, Allah gathered the Islam of his mother, And his father—that is not in companionship for others. Never did al-Ṣiddīq prostrate in devotion To an idol in ignorance—how great is this pride! No human female gave birth after Aḥmad, Nor did any eye see the like of Abū Bakr. No sun rose nor set upon One like him in religion, forbearance, and patience. He has the highest precedence in the thick of battle, And sufficient is what he did at Badr. His attributes in justice, valor, and generosity Defy the scope of mention in enumeration. Love for him is an obligation upon every Muslim, And hatred of him, by Allah, is nothing but loss. Hold fast to him and ask, my brother, what you desire; Perhaps through him you will be saved from sin and burden. His intercession is accepted with our Lord, So ask the Sunnah of the Chosen One; it will inform you. I ask You, O Master of masters, by his rank: Take my hand and mend my brokenness from poverty, Rectify my states through knowledge and piety, And ease for us what is of difficulty and hardship, And fulfill my hopes in this world, and establish me Upon the word of tawḥīd ¹³⁵ at the end of my life. Let me die in love of the Messenger and his family And all his Companions, especially Abū Bakr. Upon him be the most fragrant greetings of divine pleasure, Perfumed, as long as birds warble in their nests. And bless the Chosen One, our intercessor, who Has the highest rank above every person of worth, A blessing whose benefit encompasses soul and family, And whose lights appear upon the eye and the breast.

A prayer by which sorrows become easy, and by which worries and hardship are dispelled. A prayer by which hopes are quickly attained, and we obtain what we hope for from where we do not know ⁷³. A prayer by which deeds are purified and accepted, and encompassed by the wind of acceptance forever. It endures through the ages, and its fragrance surpasses the purest scent of perfumes. The virtues of our master Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the mine of compassion, mercy, generosity, and honor, the crown of the heads of the greatest elite ¹³⁶ and the eye of the most distinguished notables ¹³⁷, from whose caliph Abu Hafs, our master Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, it is narrated that he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "The first person to whom the Truth, exalted be He, will give salutations on the Day of Resurrection is Umar, and the first person who will be driven before Him and taken to Paradise is Umar. One day the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, looked at him, smiled, and said: 'O son of al-Khattab, do you know why I smiled in your face?' He said: 'Allah and His Messenger know best.' He said: 'Indeed, Allah looked upon you with compassion and mercy on the night of Arafat and made you the key to Islam.'" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the beloved of the Most Merciful, the Compassionate, the master of the people of knowledge, forbearance, justice, and excellence, from whose caliph Abu Hafs, our master Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, it is narrated that he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "While a caller will call out on the Day of Resurrection: 'Where is al-Faruq ¹³⁸?' He will be brought to Allah, exalted be He, and it will be said: 'Welcome, O Abu Hafs. This is your book; if you wish, read it, and if you wish, do not, for I have forgiven you.' Then Islam will say: 'O Lord, this is Umar who honored me in the abode of this world, so honor him in the plains of the Resurrection.' So He will honor him, and he will be mounted on a she-camel of light, then clothed in two garments, if one of them were spread out, it would cover all creatures. Then seventy thousand angels will walk before him, and a caller will call out: 'O people of the gathering, this is Umar ibn al-Khattab, so recognize him.' And he said [illegible]." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the red and the black ¹³⁹, of the Bedouin and the settled, the best of those who forbade and commanded servants, from whose caliph Abu Hafs, our master Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, it is narrated from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, that she said: "I looked at the sky and the stars intertwined, and I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, is there anyone in this world who has good deeds equal to the number of the stars of the sky?' He said: 'Yes.' I said: 'Who is he?' He said: 'Umar ibn al-Khattab.'" And he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Whoever loves Umar has loved me, and whoever hates Umar has hated me. Beware of the anger of Umar, for Allah becomes angry when Umar becomes angry." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad ⁷⁵, the best of those upon whom Your goodness overflowed and continued, and whose noble light shone before Your presence before the creation of things, from whose caliph Abu Hafs, our master Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, it is narrated that he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Indeed, among the nations before you there were inspired ones ¹⁴⁰; if there is one in my community, it is Umar." And he said to him: "O son of al-Khattab, by Him in whose hand is my soul, Satan never met you walking on a path but that he took a different path from yours." And Gabriel came to him, peace and blessings be upon him, and said: "O Muhammad, convey greetings to Umar and inform him that his pleasure is honor and his anger is forbearance, and he will surely make Islam manifest after your... [illegible]" So he said: "O Gabriel, tell me about the virtues of Umar and his rank with Allah." He said: "O Muhammad, if I sat counting continuously, I would not be able to inform you of the virtues of Umar and his rank with Allah, exalted be He." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the children of Adnan ¹⁴¹, the talisman of honor, victory, mercy, and safety, from whose caliph Abu Hafs, our master Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, it is narrated that he, peace and blessings be upon him, said to Bilal while at Arafat: "Make the people listen." Then he said: "Indeed, Allah has favored them in this gathering of theirs, so that your evil deeds are feared for your good-doers, and He has given your good-doers what they asked, and He has promised upon the blessing of Allah. Indeed, Allah, exalted be He, boasted to His angels about the people of Arafat in general, and boasted about Umar ibn al-Khattab in particular, and said concerning him: 'The sun has not risen upon a man better than Umar. Had I not sent you, I would have sent Umar to you. And if punishment were to descend, I would not send it except upon Ibn al-Khattab. Umar is with me, and I am with Umar, and truth is with Umar wherever he is.'" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the mercy of Allah upon the believers, His extended shade, the refuge of the disobedient and sinners, and their strong pillar, from whose caliph Abu Hafs, our master Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, it is narrated from Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, may Allah be pleased with his father, that he said: "Umar sought permission to enter upon the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, while there were some women from Quraysh with him, asking him and requesting much from him, their voices raised above his. When he, peace be upon him, gave him permission, they hurried to the veil. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, entered laughing, so he said: 'May my father and mother be sacrificed for you, O Messenger of Allah.' He, peace and blessings be upon him, said: 'I marvel at these women who were with me; when they heard your voice, they hurried to the veil.' Umar said: 'Then you, O Messenger of Allah, may my father and mother be sacrificed for you, are more deserving that they should fear you.' Then he turned to them and said: 'O enemies of their own souls, do you fear me but do not fear the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him?' They said: 'Yes, you are more harsh and rough than the Messenger of Allah.' He, peace and blessings be upon him, said: 'Enough, O son of al-Khattab. By Him in whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, Satan never met you walking on a path but that he took a different path from yours.' And he said concerning him: 'We were almost afflicted with evil in your disagreement, O Umar.' And he said: 'The pleasure of the Lord is the pleasure of Umar.' And he said to him: 'O Umar, indeed you possess sound judgment.'" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who heard the address, the most excellent of those whose breast Allah expanded and filled with faith, wisdom, and purity, from whose caliph Abu Hafs, may Allah be pleased with him, it is narrated that he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "While I was sleeping, I was brought a cup of milk, and I drank until I saw the satiation coming out from my nails ¹⁴²."

My nails, then I saw the virtue of 'Umar. They said: "What was its interpretation, O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "Knowledge." And he said concerning him: "Indeed, Allah placed truth on the tongue and heart of 'Umar." And he said: "I entered Paradise and came upon a palace of gold. I said: 'Whose palace is this?' They said: 'For an Arab man.' I said: 'I am an Arab. Whose palace is this?' They said: 'For a man from Quraysh.' I said: 'I am from Quraysh. Whose palace is this?' They said: 'For a man from the nation of Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.' I said: 'I am Muhammad. Whose palace is this?' They said: 'For 'Umar ibn al-Khattab.'" O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad ¹⁴³, the manifest of branches and roots, the ascension of good that leads to every goal and request. Among the virtues of his successor Abu Hafs, our master 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, is what is narrated from our master 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: "I saw in a dream as if I were praying the dawn prayer behind the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. A slave girl came to him with fresh dates. He took a fresh date and placed it in my mouth, then took another and did likewise. I woke up with longing for the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the sweetness of the fresh date in my mouth. I went to the mosque and prayed the dawn prayer behind 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him. I wanted to speak about the dream, when suddenly there was a slave girl at the door of the mosque with fresh dates. She placed them before 'Umar. He took a fresh date and placed it in my mouth, then took another and did likewise. Then he distributed them among his companions. I desired more from him, so he, may Allah be pleased with him, said: 'If the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, had given you more last night, we would have given you more.' I was amazed at that, so he said: 'O 'Ali, the believers see with the light of the religion.' I said: 'You have spoken the truth, O Commander of the Faithful. Thus I saw, and thus I found its pleasure and taste from your hand as I found it from the hand of the Messenger.'" O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the mine of good, virtue, blessing, and benefit, and through whom Allah perfected ¹⁴⁴ the religion of Islam and suppressed every denying faction. Among the miracles of his successor Abu Hafs, our master 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, is what is narrated that our master 'Amr ibn al-'As, may Allah be pleased with him, when he conquered Egypt, the people came to him and said: "The Nile needs every year a virgin slave girl from the most beautiful slave girls, and we throw her into it; otherwise, it does not flow, the land is ruined, and there is drought." So 'Amr ibn al-'As, may Allah be pleased with him, sent to the Commander of the Faithful 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, informing him of the news. 'Umar sent to him: "Islam abolishes what came before it." And he sent him a note and ordered him to throw it into the Nile. 'Amr took it and read it, and in it was: "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. From the servant of Allah, the Commander of the Faithful, to the Nile of Egypt. To proceed: If you flow by your own will, then do not flow; but if Allah, the One, the Subduer, is the One who makes you flow, then we ask Allah, the One, the Subduer, to make you flow." So 'Amr threw the note into the Nile. When morning came, Allah removed the bad year and made the Nile flow sixteen cubits in one night. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who completely abandoned the forbidden and his father, and the most excellent of all who called upon his Lord and He answered him and responded to him. Among the miracles of his successor Abu Hafs, our master 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, is what is narrated that he ¹⁴⁵ was delivering the Friday sermon when he left the sermon and called out: "O Sariyah, the mountain!" twice or thrice, then returned to his sermon. Some of the companions of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, spoke about that. 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf entered upon him, and he was close to him, and said: "O Commander of the Faithful, you have given people something to say about you. While you were in your sermon, you called out: 'O Sariyah, the mountain!' What is this?" He, may Allah be pleased with him, said to him: "By Allah, I could not control that when I saw Sariyah and his companions fighting near a mountain, being attacked from front and behind. I could not help but say: 'O Sariyah, the mountain!' so that they would take refuge in the mountain." Only a few days passed until the messenger of Sariyah came with his letter: "The enemy met us on Friday. We heard the voice of a caller calling: 'O Sariyah, the mountain!' twice, so we took refuge in the mountain, and we continued to overpower our enemy until Allah defeated them." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every grateful and penitent one, and the best prophet whose Lord gave him to drink from the drink of His love and quenched him. Among the virtues of his successor Abu Hafs and his son-in-law, may Allah be pleased with him, is what is narrated that he left the mosque with al-Jarud al-'Abdi. While they were leaving, there was a woman on the road ¹⁴⁶. 'Umar greeted her, and she returned the greeting. Then she said: "Wait a little, O 'Umar, until I speak a few words to you." He said to her: "Speak." She said: "O 'Umar, I remember you when you were called 'Umayr in the market of..."

It was a contest of boys at 'Ukaz ¹⁴⁷, and days had not passed before she was named 'Umar, then days had not passed before she was named Commander of the Faithful ¹⁴⁸. So fear Allah regarding the flock, and know that whoever fears death dreads loss. Then 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, wept. Al-Jarud said to her, "You have dared against the Commander of the Faithful and made him weep." 'Umar said, "Leave her. Do you not know this woman, O Jarud? This is Khawlah bint Hakim, whose words Allah heard from above the seven heavens: {Indeed, Allah has heard the statement of her who disputes with you concerning her husband and complains to Allah.} ¹⁴⁹" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the gnostics and wayfarers, and the imam of the ascetics and devotees. Among the virtues of his caliph Abu Hafs, our master 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, is what was related from his servant Aslam, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: We went out with our master 'Umar to a dwelling on the outskirts of Medina, and he saw a fire. He said, "O Aslam, look at that fire. Is it a caravan that the night and cold have harmed?" I said, "I do not know, O Commander of the Faithful." He said, "Let us go to them." He said: So we set out walking briskly, and there was a woman with small children, and she had a pot set on a fire, and her children were crying. 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said, "Peace be upon you, O people of this light." The woman said, "And upon you be peace and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Either come for good or leave." He said, "What is the matter with these children that they are crying?" She said, "From hunger." He said, "What is in this pot?" She said, "Water to quiet them so they can sleep. Allah is between us and 'Umar." He said, "May Allah have mercy on you. How would 'Umar know about you?" She said, "He is in charge of our affairs, then he neglects us." He said: Then he turned to me and said, "Let us go." So we went out until we came to the flour store, and we took out a sack of flour and a lump of fat. He said, "Carry it for me." I said, "Let me carry it for you." He said, "Would you carry my burden? No mother for you!" So I carried it for him, and he set off, and I went with him, walking briskly. When he reached her, he dropped the sack near her, took out a piece of fat, and threw it into the pot, and began saying to the woman, "Stir, and I will move for you." Aslam said: By Allah, I saw the Commander of the Faithful blowing on the fire, with smoke coming out from between his beard, until the pot was cooked. Then he took it down with his own hand and said to her, "Give me something." She brought him a bowl, and he poured the food into it and said to them, "Eat, and I will spread for you." Then he hid from the woman and crouched like a beast crouches, while I said, "O Commander of the Faithful, you were not created for this!" But he did not pay attention to me until he saw the little ones laughing. Then he stood up, and they stood up, and he was laughing and praising Allah Almighty. Then he placed his hand on my hand, and we headed toward Medina. He said to me, "O Aslam, hunger is an enemy. You saw them crying, and I wanted to leave them laughing." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every pilgrim and responder ¹⁵⁰, and the imam of every gnostic and educator. Among the virtues of his caliph Abu Hafs, our master 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, is what was related: When he returned from Syria to Medina, he separated from the people to learn the news of his flock. He passed by an old woman in her tent and approached her. She said, "What has 'Umar done?" He said, "He has returned from Syria safely." She said, "O man, may Allah not reward him well on my behalf." He said, "Why?" She said, "Because he has not given me any of his stipends since he took charge of the Muslims' affairs, not a dinar nor a dirham." He said, "How would 'Umar know your condition while you are in this place?" She said, "Glory be to Allah! By Allah, I did not think that anyone who rules over people would not know what is between its east and west." 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, wept and said, "Woe to 'Umar! Everyone is more aware than you, even old women, O 'Umar." Then he said to her, "O maidservant of Allah, for how much will you sell me your grievance against 'Umar? For I pity him from the Fire." She said, "Do not mock us, may Allah have mercy on you." 'Umar said, "I am not mocking you." He kept at her until he bought her grievance for twenty-five dinars. While he was like that, 'Ali and Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with them, approached and said, "Peace be upon you, O Commander of the Faithful." The old woman put her hand on her head and said, "O shame! I have insulted the Commander of the Faithful to his face." 'Umar said to her, "No harm upon you, may Allah have mercy on you." Then he sought a piece of leather to write on, but did not find any, so he cut a piece from his patched garment and wrote on it: "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. This is what 'Umar bought from so-and-so: her grievance from the time he assumed the caliphate until such-and-such a day for twenty-five dinars, of what she claims against him at his standing in the assembly before Allah Almighty. So 'Umar is free of it. Witnessed by 'Ali and Ibn Mas'ud." Then he gave it to his son and said, "When I die, place it in my shroud, so that I may meet my Lord with it." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your Prophet of elevated rank over every slave and owner, and Your Messenger sent to humans, jinn, and angels. Among the virtues of his caliph Abu Hafs, our master 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, is what was related: He once went out in the darkness of night, and Talhah saw him. 'Umar went and entered a house, then entered another house. In the morning, Talhah went to that house and found a blind, bedridden old woman. He said to her, "What is the matter with this man who comes to you?" She said, "He has been taking care of me for such-and-such time, bringing me what I need and removing harm from me." Talhah said, "May your mother lose you, O Talhah! Do you seek out 'Umar's faults?" It reached him, may Allah be pleased with him, that our master 'Ali ibn Abi Talib said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, from Gabriel, from Allah Almighty, that 'Umar is the lamp of the people of Paradise." So he asked him to write that down for him, and he wrote it. He took it and said to his son, "When I die, place it in my shroud." And they did so. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, noble in fathers, mothers, and grandfathers, and the best of those who fulfilled the trust of his Lord and kept covenants. Among the virtues of his caliph Abu Hafs, our master 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, is what was related: A group of merchants arrived and camped at the prayer ground. He, may Allah be pleased with him, said to 'Abd al-Rahman, "Would you like to guard them tonight from thieves?" So they spent the night guarding them and praying as much as Allah had decreed for them. 'Umar heard the crying of a child and went toward him. He said to his mother, "Fear Allah and be good to your child." Then he returned to his place. At the end of the night, he heard his crying again, so he went to his mother and said, "Woe to you! I see you as an evil mother. Why do I see your son not quiet since last night?" She said, "O servant of Allah, I have been trying to wean my son since last night, but he refuses." He said, "Why?" She said, "Because 'Umar only grants a stipend to the weaned child." He said, "How old is he?" She said, "So many months." He said to her, "Woe to you, do not rush him." Then he prayed the dawn prayer, and the people could barely discern his recitation due to weeping. When he finished the greeting, he said, "O misery for 'Umar! How many children of the Muslims has he killed!" Then he ordered a crier to announce: "Do not rush your children to weaning, for we will grant a stipend for every newborn." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every existent being, and the vast ocean overflowing with generosity and munificence. Among the virtues of his caliph Abu Hafs and his justice is what was related from Ibn 'Abbas, who said: I saw 'Umar carrying out the prescribed punishment on his own son and killing him for it. It was said to him, "How was that?" He said: One day I was in the mosque, and 'Umar was sitting with people around him, when a slave girl approached and said, "Peace be upon you, O Commander of the Faithful."

He said to her: "And upon you be peace, the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Do you have a need?" She said: "Yes, take this son of yours from me." 'Umar said: "I do not recognize him." The girl wept and said: "O Commander of the Faithful, if he is not from your loins, he is the son of your son." He said: "Which of my sons?" She said: "Abu Shahma." He said: "By lawful means or by unlawful?" She said: "From my side it was lawful, but from his side it was unlawful." 'Umar said: "How is that? Fear Allah and speak only the truth." She said: "I was passing by the wall of Banu al-Najjar when your son came to me, swaying drunk after drinking at the house of a Jewish woman. He solicited me ⁸⁷ and dragged me to the wall, and he took from me what a man takes from a woman. I lost consciousness and concealed my affair from my uncle and neighbors until I felt the birth. I went to such-and-such a place and gave birth to this boy, and I intended to kill him, but then I regretted that. So judge between me and him by the judgment of Allah." 'Umar ordered a crier to call out, and the people rushed to the mosque. He said: "Do not disperse until I come to you." Then he left the mosque and went to his home, where he found his son eating. He said: "Eat, my son; soon this may be your last provision from the world." He adjured him to tell him the truth, and he informed him of what the girl had said. He brought him out, and he said to him: "O father, do not disgrace me; take the sword and cut me into pieces." He said: "Have you not heard the saying of Allah Almighty: 'And let a group of the believers witness their punishment' ¹⁵¹?" Then he dragged him to the mosque before the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "The woman has spoken the truth, and Abu Shahma has confessed." He ordered his servant Aflah and said to him: "Take this son of mine and strike him one hundred lashes, and do not be lenient." The boy wept and said: "I will not do it." He said: "O boy, obedience to me is obedience to Allah and His Messenger, so do what I command you." He removed his clothes, and the people wept and wailed. The boy gestured to his father: "O father, have mercy on me." 'Umar said to him, weeping: "I only do this so that Allah may have mercy on you and have mercy on me." Then he said: "Strike, O Aflah." ⁸⁸ He struck him while he cried for help, and 'Umar said: "Strike!" until he reached seventy. He said: "O father, give me a drink of water." He said: "O my son, if your Lord purifies you, then Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) will give you a drink after which you will never thirst. Strike him, O boy." When he reached eighty, he said: "O father, peace be upon you." He said: "And upon you be peace, O my son. If you see Muhammad, convey to him greetings of peace, and say to him: 'I left 'Umar reciting the Qur'an and establishing the prescribed punishment.'" When he reached ninety, his speech ceased and he weakened. The Companions said: "O 'Umar, see how many remain and postpone it to another time." He said: "Just as the sin was not postponed, so the punishment should not be postponed." When the last lash fell, the boy fell dead. 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) cried out: "O my son, may Allah purge your sins." Then he placed his head in his lap and wept, saying: "By my father, one whom the truth killed; by my father, one who died at the completion of the prescribed punishment; by my father, one whom his father and relatives did not pity." The people looked at him and found that he had left the world. Ibn 'Abbas said: "We never saw a day greater than that." The people wept and wailed. After forty days, Hudhayfa ibn al-Yaman came on the morning of Friday and said: "I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in a dream, and the young man was with him, wearing two green garments. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Convey my greetings to 'Umar and tell him: This is your affair: to recite the Qur'an and establish the letters.'" ⁸⁹ O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of the revealed Book, and the master of every venerated and honored one. Among the virtues of his caliph Abu Hafs ⁹⁰ is that when he buried Abu Bakr and the people pledged allegiance to him, he ascended the pulpit, praised Allah, and sent blessings upon the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then he said: "O people, I am about to supplicate, so say 'Amin': O Allah, I am harsh, so make me gentle to the people of Your obedience in accordance with the truth, seeking Your face and the Hereafter. Grant me harshness and severity against Your enemies without injustice or transgression on my part. O Allah, I am miserly, so make me generous in times of hardship, with moderation without extravagance, waste, hypocrisy, or seeking reputation. Grant me humility and gentleness towards the believers, for I am often heedless and forgetful. Inspire me with Your remembrance in every state." He used to say: "O Allah, grant me martyrdom in Your way, and make my death in the city of Your Messenger." He used to say: "Would that I were a ram that my family fattened as they pleased, then they slaughtered me, ate me, and passed me out as dung, and I were not a human being. Would that I had never been born, and would that I were forgotten and out of mind. I wish I could leave the world as I entered it, without any burden of sin." When a matter befell the Muslims that nearly destroyed them, he would be deeply concerned for their affairs. He never combined two types of condiments on his dining cloth. Hafsa once served him cold broth with oil poured over it. He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Two condiments in one vessel? I will not eat it."

Until he met Allah, the Mighty and Majestic. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the most kind and compassionate to the believers, the most noble beloved for whom the believer sacrifices soul, wealth, family, companion, and brother. Among the virtues of his successor Abu Hafs, our master Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, is what has been narrated: that one day he was delayed from going out for the Friday prayer, then he went out and apologized to the people, saying: 'What detained me from you was this garment of mine, which was being washed, and I have no other garment.' And in his shirt there were four patches between his shoulders. He performed the pilgrimage from Medina to Mecca without pitching a tent or a canopy until he returned. It is said that he freed a thousand slaves. Whenever he saw a slave of his who was constant in prayer, he freed him. It was said to him: 'They deceive you.' He replied: 'Whoever deceives us by Allah, we are deceived for him.' When Abu Lu'lu'a the Magian stabbed him, Allah opened [the wound] during the dawn prayer, and he was carried to his home. He said to his son: 'Go out and see who killed me.' He said: 'So-and-so killed you.' He said: 'Praise be to Allah, who did not cause my death except at the hands of a man who never prostrated to Allah even once.' He called for a cup of milk ⁹¹ and drank from it, and it came out of his wound. He knew that he would surely die. Abd al-Rahman said to him: 'The prayer, O Commander of the Faithful.' He said: 'Yes, and there is no share in Islam for one who abandons the prayer.' So he stood and prayed while his wound was dripping blood. When he died, he was brought to the honored Rawda ¹⁵², and there was a lock on it. While Abdullah was seeking permission to enter, they heard the lock opening without anyone opening it, and a speaker saying: 'Let him in.' So he was buried with the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and Abu Bakr al-Siddiq. ❖ And the darkness of polytheism vanished through the pious Umar ❖ And his companion in the grave with him has settled ❖ And his approved Faruq ¹⁵³ is better than [others] ❖ With him, injustice has no trace ❖ And no mosque but was illuminated and flourished ❖ And he strove against the people of oppression truly and against those who disbelieved ❖ And the Messenger of Allah attained victory and triumph ❖ And the sword of destruction for disbelief was drawn by his resolve ❖ Indeed, the sea of truth overflowed with justice and poured forth ❖ The caliph of the best of creation, the supporter of His religion ❖ His successor, his truthful one and his minister ❖ Through him, Islam was strengthened, so justice is established ❖ And the horizons shone with knowledge and piety ❖ And how many lands did his swords conquer ❖ By his Islam, the angels of heaven rejoiced ❖ He protected the Chosen One from those who sought to harm him You would meet all the Companions with joy and delight And they revealed through him what had previously been concealed Quickly they went to the House ¹⁵⁴ while he was before them And they prayed, and Islam was proclaimed at that time The best of creation said to him: 'Indeed, Satan does not See you on a path but that piety flees from him' And he said to him one day: 'Indeed, you are with us In the position of true hearing and sight' ⁹² And he also said to him, a lover like a winner: 'Ask the Sunnah of the Chosen One, it will inform you of the news' Our Lord is pleased with him and angered in might When this love exceeds, it is not forgiven In the highest assembly, for the merit of his closeness And on the Day of Recompense, truly, it spread and became famous Congratulations to him! The Book came with his praise And the best of praise is what came in the Remembrance and tradition Indeed, proverbs became current about his justice For in his judgment, by Allah, he neither wronged nor betrayed He established the limits of Allah against those who violated them And nothing prevented him from that, nor did he excuse Compassionate to orphans, he managed their affairs Severe against the hypocrites when he commanded Eager to do good deeds, loving them How often he stood with the Quran, weeping at dawn He did not know this world nor inclined towards it Nor did any desire for it stir him, nor did he look He stood up for the oppressed, taking their rights Without blame in Allah, he never failed or transgressed The Most Merciful boasts of him to the inhabitants of His heaven Especially as has come in the clear report He raised the noble in virtue to a rank Over His creation, by Allah, no human has attained it His merits have exhausted those who try to enumerate them For whoever attempts to count them, by Allah, cannot Islam wept after his death And how? For through al-Faruq it was mighty and proud When an affliction befalls the people of religion He finds no rest from distress I ask You, O Lord of all worlds Pardon my slip, remove my sorrows and harm Make righteous for me my children and my religion entirely And take my hand by the right of our master Umar Upon him be a thousand greetings of divine pleasure Whose fragrance wafts like musk with blossoms And bless the best of creation, through whom The whole of Mudar ¹⁵⁵ was honored among the living Muhammad, sent from the best of stock Pure, never tainted by any impurity ⁹³ Upon him be Allah's blessings and His peace And upon his family and Companions, and those who supported him O Allah, I ask You, O my Master, by the standing of this noble caliph and eminent lord, through whom You established the pillars of religion, shook the foundations of disbelief, raised the beacon of truth, and extinguished the fire of idolatry, and by whom You anger the people of idols, the one who brought [people] out of confusion by his opinion, who never took a path but that Satan took another, the fasting, the standing [in prayer], who established Your limits upon the near and far and feared not the blame of any blamer in Allah, the speaker of truth, the doer of the Book and inspired with excellent speech, our master Abu Hafs, our lord Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him and grant him His pleasure, that You bless our master Muhammad with a blessing by which You set right for us our religion, family, and children, and save us thereby from worry, grief, sorrow, and distress, and make us thereby among those who stood for You in the darkness of night, bowed and prostrated, and make us, O Allah, thereby among the successful and secure, and grant us thereby the high station among Your righteous saints, and facilitate for us thereby what we have asked of You, and protect our hearts from deviation, and grant us enjoyment of hearing and sight, O Most Merciful of the merciful, O Lord of the worlds. The Virtues of Our Master Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad ⁹⁴, the opener of good and generosity, the bride of the abode of permanence. Among the virtues of his successor Abu Amr, our master Uthman ibn Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, is what has been narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, who said: 'I watched the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, from the beginning of the night until dawn, saying: 'O Allah, I am pleased with Uthman, so be pleased with him.' And he said to him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: 'May Allah forgive you, O Uthman, for what you have done before and what you will do after, what you have concealed and what you have declared, and what will happen until the Day of Resurrection.' O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who trusted in Allah and had good opinion of Him, the most excellent of those who urged community and following the Sunnah. Among the virtues of his successor Abu Amr, our master Uthman ibn Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, is what has been narrated: that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'Uthman ibn Affan is the most similar of people to me in creation and character. He is the possessor of the two lights ¹⁵⁶, his wife is my daughter, and he will be with me in Paradise like these two,' and he moved his index and middle fingers. And he said to him one day: 'O Uthman, this is Gabriel informing me from Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, that you are the light of the people of the earth and the heaven.'

of heaven and the lamp of the people of earth and the people of paradise." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the nation that bows and prostrates, and among the blessings upon him is the most excellent ¹⁵⁷ act of drawing near and the greatest benefit. Among the virtues of his successor Abu 'Amr, our master 'Uthman ibn 'Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, is what has been narrated: that when he migrated with his wife, our master Ruqayya, the daughter of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, he, peace be upon him, said: "By Him in whose hand is my soul, he is the first to migrate after Ibrahim and Lut, peace be upon them." And when she died, may Allah be pleased with her, 'Uthman wept, so the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him: "O 'Uthman, this is Jibril ¹⁵⁸ who informed me that Allah has married you to Umm Kulthum, and I will make her dowry like that of her sister. If I had a hundred daughters, I would marry you to them one after another until none remained." O Allah, bless and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of the people, and the most excellent of all those from whom blame and reproach have been removed. Among the virtues of his successor Abu 'Amr, our master 'Uthman ibn 'Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, is what has been narrated from 'A'isha, may Allah be pleased with her: she said: "We remained for four days without tasting anything. Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came to us and said: 'O 'A'isha, have you obtained anything after me?' I said: 'No.' So he performed ablution and went out to pray here and there, supplicating. Then 'Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, came at the end of the day and said: 'Where is the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace?' (96) I told him the news, and he wept. Then he went out and sent us flour, dates, and other things. Then he said: 'This will be slow for you.' So he sent bread and roasted meat. Then the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came and said: 'Have you obtained anything?' I informed him of what 'Uthman had done. He did not sit down until he went out to the mosque, raised his hands, and said: 'O Allah, I am pleased with 'Uthman, so be pleased with him.' He said it three times." And from 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Samura: he said: "'Uthman came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with a thousand dinars in Mecca when he equipped the Army of Hardship ¹⁵⁹ and scattered them in his lap. I saw the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, turning them over in his lap and saying: 'Nothing will harm 'Uthman after today, whatever he does.'" O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of Your believing servants, and the imam of Your saints who are certain. Among the virtues of his successor, our master 'Uthman ibn 'Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, is what has been narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "Who will buy the Mirbad ¹⁶⁰ of Banu so-and-so, and Allah will forgive him?" So 'Uthman bought it and made it part of the mosque. And he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Who will buy the well of Rumah ¹⁶¹, and Allah will forgive him?" So 'Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, came to its owner, who was a Jew, and bought half of it from him for twelve thousand [dirhams], and said to its owner: "Choose: if you wish, I will set a bucket for me and a bucket for you; if you wish, I will have a day and you will have a day." The Jew said: "Rather, I will have a day and you will have a day." So the people would draw water on 'Uthman's day for two days. The Jew said: "You have ruined my share, so buy the rest from me." So he bought it from him for eight thousand dirhams and made it a charitable endowment for the Muslims. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whose virtue has become manifest and apparent in the world, and through whom Allah reformed the people of the desert and the settled. Among the virtues of his successor, our master 'Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, is what has been narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "'Uthman is in Paradise," and "'Uthman is modest, the angels are modest before him," and "The most modest of my community is 'Uthman ibn 'Affan," and "'Uthman is my brother in this world and the Hereafter," and "'Uthman is my companion with me in Paradise," and "'Uthman is my friend in this world and the Hereafter." And he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "'Uthman will certainly intercede on the Day of Resurrection for the likes of Rabi'a and Mudar ¹⁶²." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of the people of recitation and remembrance, and the master of the people of reflection and consideration. Among the virtues of his successor, our master 'Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, is what has been narrated from our master 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him: he said: "'Uthman entered upon the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while his knee was exposed, so he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, covered (98) his knee. It was said to him: 'Abu Bakr and 'Umar entered upon you and you did not cover it.' So he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'Indeed, I am modest before one before whom the angels are modest.' And he said: 'May Allah have mercy on you, O 'Uthman, O you have attained from the Pleiades ¹⁶³ and it has not attained from you.' And he said: 'On the day 'Uthman dies, three heavens will pray over him.' And he said: 'He will intercede for seventy thousand at the Scale ¹⁶⁴ among those who have deserved the Fire.'" O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the most honored of creatures before the Most Merciful, and the most excellent of those whose heart was illuminated with the light of knowledge and faith. Among the virtues of his successor, our master 'Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, is what has been narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: "The funeral of a man was brought, and he did not pray over it. It was said to him: 'O Messenger of Allah, we do not see you leaving the prayer over anyone before this.' He said: 'Indeed, he used to hate 'Uthman, so Allah, Mighty and Majestic, hated him.'" And when he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, married him to his daughter Umm Kulthum, he said to her: "Indeed, your husband is the most similar of people to your grandfather Ibrahim and your father Muhammad." And he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Every prophet has a close friend among his community, and indeed my close friend is 'Uthman ibn 'Affan." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of the people of compassion, kindness, and beneficence. And from the blessing of the prayer (99) upon him, terrors and sorrows depart. Among the virtues of his successor, our master 'Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, is what has been narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: when he commanded the Pledge of Ridwan ¹⁶⁵, 'Uthman was his messenger to Mecca, so the people pledged allegiance. And he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Indeed, 'Uthman is engaged in the business of Allah and His Messenger." So he struck one of his hands on the other and said: "This is the hand of 'Uthman." Thus the hand of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was better for 'Uthman than their hands for themselves. And he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "I saw that I was placed on one scale and my community on the other, and it balanced. Then Abu Bakr was placed on one scale and my community on the other, and it balanced. Then 'Umar was placed on one scale and my community on the other, and it balanced. Then 'Uthman was placed on one scale and my community on the other, and it balanced. Then the scale was raised." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the intercessor of creatures on the terrible day, and the possessor of perfect intellect and correct opinion. Among the virtues of his successor Abu 'Amr and our master 'Uthman, may Allah be pleased with him, is what has been narrated from 'Abd

Al-Rahman ibn Khabbab said: I saw the Prophet ¹⁶⁶, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, urging the Army of Hardship ¹⁶⁷, so Uthman ¹⁶⁸, may Allah be pleased with him, said: O Messenger of Allah, upon me are one hundred camels with their saddles and their packsaddles in the way of Allah. Then he urged the army, so Uthman said: O Messenger of Allah, upon me are two hundred camels with their saddles and their packsaddles in the way of Allah. Then he urged the army, so Uthman said: O Messenger of Allah, upon me are three hundred camels with their saddles and their packsaddles in the way of Allah. Then the Prophet ¹⁶⁶, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, descended saying: "Nothing is upon Uthman for what he has done after this." And the Prophet ¹⁶⁶, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Uthman will be brought on the Day of Resurrection with his veins gushing blood, the color the color of ash, and the scent the scent of musk, and he will be clothed in two garments, and a pulpit will be erected for him upon the Bridge ¹⁶⁹, and the believers will pass by his light, and for his hater there is no share from it." O Allah, bless and grant peace to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the reliever of the distressed, and the best of those who clung to the eternal and left the transient, from whose caliph Abu Amr Uthman's ¹⁶⁸ virtues is what was narrated from Sahl ibn Sa'd: The Messenger of Allah ¹⁶⁶, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, described Paradise to us one day, and it was said: O Prophet of Allah, which part of Paradise flashes? He said: "Yes, by Him in Whose hand is my soul, indeed Uthman ibn Affan moves from one dwelling to another, and Paradise flashes for him." And the Prophet ¹⁶⁶, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "I entered Paradise and Jibril ¹⁷⁰ handed me an apple, and it split open revealing a wide-eyed beautiful maiden ¹⁷¹, well-pleasing, whose eyes' value equaled the wings of eagles. I said: To whom do you belong? She said: To the caliph who will be killed unjustly, Uthman ibn Affan." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom Allah supported the religion with and strengthened, and the most excellent prophet whom Allah protected from the plots of enemies and guarded, from whose caliph Abu Amr our master Uthman's ¹⁶⁸ virtues is what was narrated from him ¹⁶⁶, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said to him: "O Uthman, indeed Allah may clothe you with a shirt ¹⁷², and if the hypocrites want you to take it off, do not take it off until you meet me on the Day of Resurrection." And the Prophet ¹⁶⁶, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him: "You will be killed while you are wronged, and a drop of your blood will fall upon His saying, Exalted is He: 'So Allah will suffice you against them' ¹⁷³." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, great in status, rank, and intercession, and from whom Allah preserved love in this world and the Hereafter and saved, from whose caliph Abu Amr our master Uthman's ¹⁶⁸ virtues is what was narrated from Abdullah ibn Salam: I came to Uthman on the Day of the House ¹⁷⁴ and entered to greet him while he was besieged. He said: Welcome, my brother. I said: It would please me if I were your ransom, O Commander of the Faithful. He said: Tonight I saw the Messenger of Allah ¹⁶⁶, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he appeared to me in this window ¹⁷⁵, and said: O Uthman, they have besieged you? I said: Yes. He said: They have made you thirsty? I said: Yes. He said: Then he lowered a bucket for me from which I drank, and here I feel its coolness between my chest and my shoulders. He said: If you wish, break your fast with us, and if you wish, be victorious over them. So I chose to break my fast. And when he was killed, they searched his treasuries and found in them a locked chest. They opened it and found in it a small box containing a paper on which was written: This is the will of Uthman. He bears witness that there is no god but Allah alone, with no partner, and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, and that Paradise is true, and that the Fire is true, and that Allah will resurrect those in the graves for a Day about which there is no doubt. Indeed, Allah does not break His promise. Upon this we live, upon this we die, and upon this we will be resurrected, among the secure, if Allah wills. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the most generous and benevolent of creation, and the prophet with the most followers and helpers, from whom it is narrated that the last sermon his caliph ¹⁶⁶, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, our master Uthman ¹⁶⁸, may Allah be pleased with him, delivered was: O people, indeed Allah has given you the world only so that you may seek the Hereafter through it; He did not give it to you so that you may incline to it. Indeed, the world perishes and the Hereafter remains. Do not let the transient make you arrogant, nor let it distract you from the eternal. Prefer what remains over what perishes, for the world is ending, and the destination is to Allah. Fear Allah, for His fear is a shield from His punishment and a means to Him. Beware of Allah's jealousy ¹⁷⁶, and adhere to your community, lest you become separate factions: "And remember the favor of Allah upon you when you were enemies and He brought your hearts together, so you became, by His favor, brothers" ¹⁷⁷. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of Your inspired servants, and the most eloquent of orators and speakers, from whose caliph Abu Amr our master Uthman's ¹⁶⁸ virtues is what was narrated: The people were struck by a drought in the time of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq ¹⁷⁸, and the matter became severe for them. They came to him and said: O Caliph of the Messenger of Allah, the sky has not rained, the earth has not grown, and the people expect destruction. What shall we do? Abu Bakr said to them: Go and be patient, for I hope Allah that you will not reach evening until Allah relieves you. At the end of the day, news came that a caravan of Uthman had arrived from Syria and would reach Medina in the morning. When it came, the people went out to meet it, and behold, it was a thousand camels loaded with wheat, oil, and raisins. They knelt at the door of Uthman ¹⁶⁸, may Allah be pleased with him. When he placed them in his house, the merchants came and he said to them: What do you want? They said: You know what we want. Sell us some of what has come to you, for you know the people's need. He said: With love and honor. How much profit will you give me on the purchase? They said: One dirham for two dirhams. He said: I have been given more than this. They said: Four. He said: I have been given more than this. They said: Five. He said: I have been given more than this. They said: O Abu Amr, there are no merchants left in Medina besides us, and no one has preceded us to you. So who is it that gave you? He said: Indeed, Allah gave me ten for every dirham. Do you have more? They said: No. He said: Then I call Allah to witness that I have made what this caravan carried a charity for Allah upon the poor and needy Muslims. O Allah, I ask You, O my Lord, by the rank of the third of the caliphs, the possessor of truthfulness and loyalty, the supporter of faith, the compiler of the Qur'an ¹⁷⁹, the one whom the angels of the Most Merciful feel shy from, the one killed as a martyr in Your way, the possessor of two lights ¹⁸⁰, our master Uthman ibn Affan, that You send blessings upon our master Muhammad and upon his family, a blessing by which You illuminate our hearts with the light of faith, and make us thereby among the people of loyalty and gnosis ¹⁸¹, and protect us thereby from the people of transgression and hostility. O Allah, and I ask You to open for us the doors of mercy, and remove from us every hardship and distress, and forgive us our sins, and make our affairs easy, and rectify our conditions, and make us among those for whom happiness has preceded from You, and whom You have regarded with the eye of care, and whom You have sealed with martyrdom, by Your grace and generosity, O Most Merciful of the merciful, O Lord.

The worlds. Sufficient for me is a cure for my ailment and my sorrows ¹⁸² — my love and praise for the possessor of the two lights ¹⁸³, 'Uthman. The true successor of the Chosen One ¹⁸⁴ and his companion, and his son-in-law, the one of modesty, rank, and status. The pillar of the Law ¹⁸⁵, the sword of the religion, its supporter, the light of the caliphate, a forerunner in faith. A sea of generosity, a subduer of the disbelievers, their vanquisher — he routed the hosts of enemies in the land of Sijistan ¹⁸⁶. The angels feel shy before him; so blessed is he — he attained martyrdom truly with proof. (105) The Chosen One prayed for him truly and gave him glad tidings of the eternal Garden with success and divine pleasure ¹⁸⁷. His wealth he spent in the path of God — how many acts of kindness did he perform among people! He purchased the well for Islam, making it a free source ¹⁸⁸, and equipped the army ¹⁸⁹, and cared for the Qur'an. He never inclined to the world and its adornments — far be it from him! He never occupied himself with slander. Rather, he upheld justice in judgments, striving ¹⁹⁰, until he met God in honor and faith. He safeguarded the religion and the radiant Sunna ¹⁹¹ from the deviation of every seductive speaker. The hand of the Chosen, the Elected ¹⁹², took the place of his hand in a pledge that traces back truly to divine pleasure ¹⁹³. Glad tidings for him: he spends the long night in that which brings him near to his Lord, never inclining to the ephemeral. How often he stood in remembrance ¹⁹⁴ in solitude, repeating it, weeping and supplicating in longing and sorrow. The Chosen One made his virtues manifest — the guide of excellence, which no human has attained. They harmed him truly, but he did not become vexed by what they did; rather, he witnessed God in secret and in public. Woe to his murderer unjustly — what will be his lot on the Day of Resurrection but humiliation and loss! For he is the one whose excellence no one has attained after his companion the Truthful ¹⁹⁵ and the Second ¹⁹⁶. Upon them be the most complete peace of God, as long as birds warble in melodies. O Lord, I am poor, helpless, fearful of what I have committed, and this poverty has overwhelmed me. So mend my brokenness by their right, take my hand, and on the Day of Resurrection treat me with forgiveness. Make easy for me the path of good that I may tread it, and wherever I am, may happiness meet me. And make Your beautiful assistance always with me, and protect my honor along with my family and brothers. Then blessings upon the Chosen One as long as the sun rises and sets in every age. (106) O God, bless, greet, and send blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad. The virtues of our master Abu al-Hasan, our master 'Ali ibn Abi Talib — may God be pleased with him and honor his face. O God, bless, greet, and send blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the opener of the remembrance of the seeker and the petitioner, and the best of blessings through whose blessing needs are fulfilled and requests are facilitated. Among the virtues of his successor — may God bless him and grant him peace — the drawn sword of God ¹⁹⁷, his cousin and the husband of his daughter, the radiant and pure ¹⁹⁸, our master 'Ali ibn Abi Talib — may God be pleased with him — is what is narrated from his mother Fatima bint Asad al-Hashimiyya — may God be pleased with her — that whenever she wanted to prostrate to an idol while he was in her womb, she could not, and he — may God honor his face — prevented her from that. He was born in Mecca inside the Sacred House ¹⁹⁹. When his mother — may God be pleased with her — died, the Prophet — may God bless him and grant him peace — shrouded her in his shirt because she was like a mother to him, and he — peace be upon him — ordered Usama ibn Zayd, Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, and 'Umar ibn al-Khattab to dig her grave in al-Baqi' ²⁰⁰. When they reached the niche ²⁰¹, he dug it with his own hand, removed its soil, and lay down in it, saying: "O God, forgive my mother Fatima bint Asad, inspire her with her proof, and widen her entrance (107) by the right of Your Prophet and the prophets before me, for You are the Most Merciful of the merciful." It was said: "O Messenger of God, we saw you do something you did not do for anyone before her." He — may God bless him and grant him peace — said: "I clothed her in my shirt so that she may wear garments of Paradise, and I lay down in her grave to lighten for her the pressure of the grave, because she was among the best of God's creation in kindness to me after Abu Talib." O God, bless, greet, and send blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those through whom God supported the religion of truth and strengthened it, and the most excellent of those through whom God distinguished and removed disbelief. Among the virtues of his successor — may God bless him and grant him peace — the drawn sword of God and the husband of his pure and radiant daughter, our master 'Ali ibn Abi Talib — may God be pleased with him — is what is narrated: he, al-'Abbas, and Talha ibn Shayba boasted. Talha said: "I am the custodian of the House ²⁰²; its key is in my hand." Al-'Abbas — may God be pleased with him — said: "I am the custodian of the watering ²⁰³ and the one in charge of it." 'Ali — may God be pleased with him — said: "I do not know; I prayed six months before the people, and I am the one who strives in the path of God." Then God — mighty and majestic — revealed: "Have you made the giving of drink to the pilgrims and the maintenance of the Sacred Mosque like [the deeds of] one who believes in God and the Last Day and strives in the path of God? They are not equal before God." ²⁰⁴ O God, bless, greet, and send blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad (108), the master of those who protect the neighbor and defend, and the imam of those who are obedient to their Lord's command and listen. Among the virtues of his successor — may God bless him and grant him peace — and his cousin, our master 'Ali ibn Abi Talib — may God be pleased with him — is what is narrated from Abu Dharr al-Ghifari: "I prayed the noon prayer with the Messenger of God — may God bless him and grant him peace — one day. A beggar asked in the mosque, but no one gave him anything. The beggar raised his hands to heaven and said: 'O God, bear witness that I asked in the mosque of Your Prophet Muhammad — may God bless him and grant him peace — and no one gave me anything.' 'Ali — may God be pleased with him — was bowing ²⁰⁵, so he gestured to him with his right little finger, on which was a ring. The beggar came and took it from his little finger, and that was in the sight of the Messenger of God — may God bless him and grant him peace — while he was in the mosque. The Prophet — may God bless him and grant him peace — raised his eyes to heaven and said: 'O God, my brother Moses asked You, saying: "My Lord, expand my breast and ease my task and untie the knot from my tongue that they may understand my speech, and appoint for me a minister from my family, Aaron my brother; strengthen my back with him and make him share in my task." So You revealed to him a Qur'an: "We will strengthen your arm with your brother and give you both authority so they cannot reach you." ²⁰⁶ O God, I am Muhammad, Your Prophet and chosen one. O God, expand my breast and ease my task and appoint for me a minister from my family, 'Ali; strengthen my back with him.'" Abu Dharr — may God be pleased with him — said: "He had not finished his supplication when Gabriel — peace be upon him — descended from God and said: 'O Muhammad, recite: "Your guardian ²⁰⁷ is only God, His Messenger, and those who believe, who establish" (109) [the prayer and give zakah while bowing].'"

Those who perform the prayer and give the alms while bowing ²⁰⁸. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whose body Allah purified and whose soul He cleansed, and the most excellent of the great ones through whom Allah removed the evil and misery of the enemy. Among the virtues of his successor, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, our master Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, is what was narrated from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: Ali had four dirhams and owned nothing else; he gave one dirham in charity at night, one by day, one secretly, and one openly. So Allah Almighty revealed: 'Those who spend their wealth by night and by day, secretly and openly, they shall have their reward with their Lord, and no fear shall come upon them, nor shall they grieve.' ²⁰⁹ And when the saying of Allah Almighty was revealed: 'You are only a warner, and for every people there is a guide' ²¹⁰, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'I am the warner, and Ali is the guide; through you, O Ali, the guided ones are guided.' And he, may Allah be pleased with him, said regarding the saying of Allah Almighty: 'That an attentive ear may retain it' ²¹¹, the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'I asked Allah to make it your ear, O Ali, and He did.' So Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, used to say: I never heard any speech from the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, except that I retained it, memorized it, and never forgot it. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad (110), the best of those who clarified the paths and methods, and the most excellent healer and treater of heart diseases. Among the virtues of his successor, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his cousin, our master Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, is what was narrated that Sufyan ibn Uyaynah, may Allah be pleased with him, was asked about the saying of Allah Almighty: 'A questioner asked about a punishment about to fall upon the disbelievers' ²¹²—concerning whom it was revealed. He said to the questioner: You have asked me about a matter that no one has asked me before. My father narrated to me from Ja'far ibn Muhammad from his forefathers, may Allah be pleased with them, that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was at Ghadir Khumm ²¹³, he called the people, and they gathered. He took Ali's hand, may Allah be pleased with him, and said: 'Whoever I am his master, Ali is his master.' This became widespread and flew through the lands, and it reached al-Harith ibn al-Nu'man al-Fihri. He came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on his she-camel, made it kneel, dismounted, and said: O Muhammad, you commanded us from Allah Almighty to testify that there is no god but Allah and that you are the Messenger of Allah, and we accepted from you. You commanded us to pray five times, and we accepted from you. You commanded us to give alms, and we accepted. You commanded us to fast Ramadan, and we accepted. You commanded us to perform Hajj, and we accepted. Then you were not satisfied with this until you took the arm of your cousin, preferring him over us, and said: 'Whoever I am his master, Ali is his master.' Is this something from you or from Allah Almighty? The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'By Him besides whom there is no god, this is from Allah Almighty.' So al-Harith turned away, heading for his she-camel, saying: O Allah, if what Muhammad says is true, then rain down upon us stones from the sky, or bring us a painful punishment. He did not reach his she-camel until Allah Almighty struck him with a stone that fell on his head, came out from his rear, and killed him. So Allah Almighty revealed: 'A questioner asked about a punishment about to fall upon the disbelievers, which none can avert, from Allah, Lord of the Ascending Stairways.' ²¹⁴ O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the best of the servants of the Most Merciful, the treasure of happiness and security. Among the virtues of his successor, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his cousin, our master Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, is what was narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: 'Ali is from me, and I am from Ali, and none fulfills my obligations except Ali.' And when the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, established brotherhood among his companions, Ali came to him with tears in his eyes and said: O Messenger of Allah, you have established brotherhood among your companions but did not establish brotherhood between me and anyone. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'You are my brother in this world and the Hereafter.' And he, peace be upon him, said: 'Indeed, Allah commanded me to love four, and informed me that He loves them.' It was said: O Messenger of Allah, name them for us. He said: 'Ali is among them, and Abu Dharr, al-Miqdad, and Salman.' ²¹⁵ O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, distinguished by the clearest miracle and the most wondrous sign, and through love of him is a protection from the Fire. Among the virtues of his successor, may Allah bless him and grant him peace (112), and his cousin, our master Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, is what was narrated from Ibn Abbas that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said on the day of Khaybar ²¹⁶: 'Tomorrow I will give the banner to a man through whom Allah will grant victory, who loves Allah and His Messenger, and whom Allah and His Messenger love.' The people spent the night discussing who among them would be given it. When morning came, the people went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, each hoping to be given it. He said: 'Where is Ali ibn Abi Talib?' It was said: He is complaining of his eyes. He said: 'Send for him.' He was brought, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, spat into his eyes and prayed for him, and he was cured as if he had never been in pain. Then the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, gave him the banner. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings to our master and lord Muhammad and to the family of our master Muhammad, the apple of the eye of the sincere lover, and the cure of the heart of the passionate devotee. Among the virtues of his successor, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his cousin, our master Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, is what was narrated from him that he said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent me to Yemen, and I said: O Messenger of Allah, you have sent me while I am a young man to judge between them, and I do not know how to judge. So the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, struck my chest with his hand, then said: 'O Allah, guide his heart and make his tongue firm.' By Him who splits the seed, I never doubted in any judgment between two people. And he said: By Him who splits the seed and creates the soul (113), it is indeed the covenant of the unlettered Prophet.

Except that none loves me but a believer, and none hates me but a hypocrite ²¹⁷. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the great ones, possessors of intellect, and the one whose origin Allah made the purest of origins and whose lineage the noblest of lineages. Among the virtues of his successor ²¹⁸, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his cousin, our master Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, is what is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "People are from various trees, but I and Ali are from one tree." And he said: "Looking at Ali is an act of worship." And he said: "Ali is with the Qur'an and the Qur'an is with Ali; they will not separate until they come to me at the Basin ²¹⁹." And he said: "I am the city of knowledge, and Ali is its gate; so whoever desires knowledge, let him come through the gate." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the rising of my hopes and happiness, and through service to him and blessings upon him my rank is elevated and my glory perfected. Among the virtues of his successor, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his cousin, our master Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, is what is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "Whoever loves Ali has loved me, and whoever loves me has loved Allah; and whoever hates Ali has hated me, and whoever hates me has hated Allah." And when he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, left him behind ²²⁰ during the expedition of Tabuk, he said: "O Messenger of Allah, you leave me behind with the women and children?" So he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Are you not content to be to me as Aaron was to Moses, except that there is no prophet after me?" O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the beloved of Allah, and the best of those who attained nearness to Him, His love, and His pleasure. Among the virtues of his successor, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his cousin, our master Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, is what is narrated from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: "I saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, embrace Ali and kiss him, saying: 'May my father be ransomed for the unique martyr ²²¹.'" And he said: "What do you want from Ali? Indeed, Ali is from me and I am from him, and he is the guardian ²²² of every believer after me." And he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was sitting with his companions when two litigants came to him. One of them said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have a donkey and this man has a cow, and his cow killed my donkey." A man from those present interjected: "There is no liability for animals." So the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Judge between them, O Ali." Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said to them: "Were they both tied or both loose, or one tied and the other loose?" They said: "The donkey was tied and the cow was loose, and its owner was with it." He said: "The owner of the cow is liable for the donkey." So the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, confirmed his judgment and enforced it. O Allah, bless and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the lofty in ranks, and honor the generous one who is hoped for in hardships and the success of endeavors. Among the virtues of his successor, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his cousin, our master Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, is what is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "Indeed, Allah placed the progeny of every prophet in his own loins, and placed my progeny in the loins of Ali." And he said: "Ali is to me as my head is to my body, and the best of my brothers is Ali." And he said: "The title of the believer's scroll is love of Ali ibn Abi Talib." * Sufficient for me is love of You as pride, O Abu al-Hasan ²²³; for it is better for me than all that is good. * More delightful and sweeter than solace and more pleasant to me than pure water, my family, and my dwelling. * It has pervaded my entirety, truly, in all of it: my heart, my mind, and my body. * I would ransom you, O master whose virtues have spread east and west, in Syria and Yemen. * Speak of the sea, do not marvel at its abundance, for it cannot be encompassed in the longest time. * He is the one whose awe is great among people, and love of him is more delightful to them than sleep. * He is the one before whom heroes fear his assault; how many times he gave them to drink from the cup of worry and grief. * The sword of destruction against the disbelievers, subduing them; in his time, the religion of disbelief and idolatry was humiliated. * The light of the Companions, the most just among them and the most steadfast in hardships, terrors, and trials. * The keys of knowledge; the King has made him so; how much he has encompassed of the sciences of the Remembrance ²²⁴ and the Sunnas ²²⁵. * The son-in-law of the Prophet to al-Zahra ²²⁶, who is honored above all women, and Abu al-Hasan and al-Hasan ²²⁷. * Glad tidings to him: the daughter of the best of creation is his wife; through her he attained excellence over every dweller. He never inclined to the world and its adornment; how often he gave charity in secret and openly. In the darkness of the night, how often he wept to his Creator, reciting the Remembrance with longing and sorrow. Indeed, all virtues in their entirety have been led by him with the reins of compulsion and restraint. The sea of generosity, affectionate to orphans, their guardian; the light of guidance, guiding the eminent to the Sunnas. The best of creation, through him Allah supported him; his name is his smile, joined in a single strand. Blessed is he; the Chosen, the Elect said to him: "This Ali is from me like the head from my body." By Allah, tell me, who can match his virtues? His praise came in the Qur'an and the Sunnas. My master, be generous to the one who has come to your side, hoping for good from you, O Abu al-Hasan. He calls out because of what has befallen him from his time; his call will not be hindered by distance from his homeland. My master, you are from a people who, when praised, their shoulders sway with generosity like branches. My master, you are from a people whose custom is to fill the mounts of visitors with favors. My master, you are from a people of nobility who do not accept traits of humiliation and menial work. A generous people, they have precedence in generosity, and in wars they have resolve without weakness. Be my intercessor, so that I may attain my goal quickly, and on the Day of Resurrection, protect my body from the Fire. For you are the most generous of those whom a supplicant calls; he meets success through you in the shortest time. By the right of the best of women, al-Zahra Fatima, and by the martyred, pious al-Husayn and al-Hasan. By the right of the sun of guidance, sent from Hashim, who surpassed all of creation in tenderness and compassion. May the Lord of the Throne bless him as long as the sun rises and the turtledove sings in the branches. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom Allah honored and preferred, and the most excellent prophet whose rank Allah magnified and adorned with beautiful character. Among the virtues of his successor and his cousin, our master Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, is what is narrated from him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "Ali will lead me into Paradise for the melting of the work for the people of al-Razniyya ²²⁸." And he said: "Ali is the imam ²²⁹ of the righteous and the slayer of the wicked; victorious is he who supports him, forsaken is he who abandons him."

O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who described You with the attributes of Your Lordship, praised You, and magnified You, and the most excellent of those who were truthful in their servitude to You, glorified You, and extolled You. Among the virtues of his successor and cousin, our master Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), is what is narrated from him (peace and blessings be upon him) that he said to him: "Your love is faith, and your hatred is hypocrisy. The first to enter Paradise is your lover, and the first to enter Hellfire is your hater." And he said to him: "Blessed is he who loves you and is truthful concerning you, and woe to him who hates you and lies concerning you." And he (peace and blessings be upon him) looked at him once and said: "You are my standard-bearer in this world and my standard-bearer in the Hereafter. Whoever loves you has loved me, and whoever hates you has hated me, and he hates you with the hatred of Allah. So woe, all woe, to him who hates you." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of every truthful one and saint, and the model for every one who fears Allah and is pious. Among the virtues of his successor and cousin, our master Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), is what is narrated from him (peace and blessings be upon him) that he said: "Whoever wishes to look at Adam in his knowledge, at Noah in his understanding, at Abraham in his forbearance, at Moses in his asceticism, and at Muhammad in his splendor, let him look at Ali ibn Abi Talib." And he said: "Whoever wishes to hold fast to the red ruby staff ²³⁰ which Allah planted in the Gardens of Eden, let him hold fast to the love of Ali." * Your love, O Abu al-Hasan, dwells within the heart. * Your love is more dear to us than close kin and neighbor. * Your love is a duty and obligation for those of sound opinion. * Your love is the highest means of nearness, * And a sunna among sunnas. * Whoever is a sinner like me, * Walking upon that path, * Will attain immediate good, * And hopes and security. * By Allah, then turn to the one who * Has inclined to other than you, * By your spouse, the radiant virgin ²³¹, * And by al-Husayn and al-Hasan, * And by the Chosen Prophet, * Entrusted by his Lord. * May our Lord send blessings upon him * At every time and moment. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of every messenger and prophet, and the master of every pure and clean one. Among the virtues of his successor and cousin, our master Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), is what is narrated from him (peace and blessings be upon him) that he said: "On the gate of Paradise is written: 'Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; Ali is the Messenger of Allah,' two thousand years before Allah created the heavens." And our master Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I bear witness that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If the seven heavens and the seven earths were placed in one scale, and the faith of Ali was placed in the other, the faith of Ali would outweigh them." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the lamp of my heart and the best of his gift, my affection and love. Among the virtues of his successor and cousin, our master Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), is what is narrated from him (peace and blessings be upon him) that he said to our master al-Hasan (may Allah be pleased with him): "Preserve for me the master of the Arabs," meaning Ali. When he came, he sent for the Ansar ²³² and said: "O company of Ansar, shall I guide you to one whom if you hold fast to, you will never go astray after me?" They said: Yes, O Prophet of Allah. He said: "This is Ali. Love him with my love, and honor him with my honor, for Gabriel commanded me with what I have said to you from my Lord." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the supply of my secret and the comfort of my heart, and by the blessing of sending blessings upon him, my joy increases and my distress is relieved. Among the virtues of his successor and cousin, our master Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), is what is narrated from him (peace and blessings be upon him) that he said to Abu Barza ²³³: "Indeed, the Lord of the worlds made a covenant with me concerning Ali ibn Abi Talib: that he is the banner of guidance, the beacon of faith, the completion of the first and the last, and the light of all who obey me. O Abu Barza, Ali ibn Abi Talib is my trustee tomorrow on the Day of Resurrection, the bearer of my banner, and with him are the keys of the treasuries of my Lord's mercy." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of prophets through whom Allah protected his community from being swallowed by the earth and from metamorphosis, and the most excellent of messengers whose law Allah protected from alteration and abrogation. Among the virtues of his successor and cousin, our master Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), is what is narrated: that Gabriel (peace be upon him) came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "Shall I give you good news, O Muhammad?" He said: "Yes." So he brought him to Mount Abu Qubays ²³⁴, and there was Ali prostrating, his tears wetting the place of his cheeks, saying: "O Allah, have mercy on my lowliness and my supplication to You, and my loneliness from Your creation, and grant me intimacy with You, O Generous One." Gabriel said: "By Allah, O Muhammad, he is in a state wherein Allah boasts of him to the angels, and no one prays this supplication in his prostration except that he emerges from his sins as a snake emerges from its slough." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those for whose visitation the lover undertakes hardships out of longing for him and urges on the journey. By the blessing of sending blessings upon him, Allah repels every harm and injury. Among the virtues of his successor and cousin, our master Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), is what is narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he said: "No one has had revealed concerning him in the Book of Allah, the Exalted, what has been revealed concerning Ali. Indeed, three hundred verses were revealed concerning him, and Allah did not reveal any verse of rebuke concerning him."

"O you who have believed ²³⁵" — except that 'Ali is its commander and its noble. Indeed, Allah reproached the companions of Muhammad in more than one place, and He never mentioned 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, except with goodness. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the beloved of the manifest Truth, the best of those upon whom the clear Book was revealed, from whose speech—that of his successor and cousin, our master 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him—concerning the description of this world, it is narrated that he said: "What was of this world has not been, and what will be of the Hereafter has never ceased to be, and everything that is coming is near. How many a hopeful one seeks something he will not attain, and how many a gatherer ²³⁶ of wealth does not consume it, and a hoarder of what he may leave behind—perhaps from the falsehood of his gathering and from the unlawful means of its acquisition—he acquires it unlawfully and bequeaths it as enmity, bearing its burden and returning with what harms him; he loses this world and the Hereafter. That is the manifest loss." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who call upon You and supplicate You, Your drawn sword against all who wage war against You and oppose You, from whose speech—that of his successor and cousin, our master 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him—it is narrated that he said: "You will not be rich until you are chaste, nor will you be ascetic until you are humble, nor will you be humble until you are forbearing, nor will your heart be safe until you love for the Muslims what you love for yourself. It suffices a person as ignorance that he commits what he is forbidden, and it suffices him as intelligence that people are safe from his evil. Turn away from ignorance and its people, refrain from people what you would like them to refrain from you, honor those who are sincere to you, be a good neighbor to those who live near you even if they avoid you, withhold harm, overlook bad character, let your hand be the upper hand if you can, accustom yourself to patience in the face of what befalls you, inspire yourself with contentment, increase supplication to be safe from the onslaught of Satan, do not compete for this world, do not follow desire, and adhere to lofty traits ²³⁷ to overcome those who oppose you." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the bearer of the unfurled banner and the victorious army, the master of every pure and righteous one, from whose speech—that of his successor and cousin, our master 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him—it is narrated from Jabir who said: "I entered upon 'Ali, may Allah honor his face, during one of his illnesses, and he had changed. When he looked at me, he said: 'O Jabir, the one upon whom Allah's blessings are abundant, people's needs toward him become abundant. If he fulfills them as Allah Almighty commanded, he exposes them to removal and annihilation.' Then he shook my upper arm ²³⁸ so forcefully that I thought my arm had come out of my shoulder, and said: 'O Jabir, people's needs toward you are among Allah's blessings upon you, so do not become weary of blessings lest punishments descend upon you. Know that the best wealth is that which earns praise or yields reward.' He said: 'I intended to stand up, but he said: "O Jabir, I am with you." So he put on his sandals, threw his waist-wrapper over his shoulders, and we went out. He took us to the cemetery of Kufa ²³⁹, greeted the people of the graves, and said: "These were with us yesterday, and today they have left us. Do not ask about their state; they are brothers who do not visit each other, and friends who do not help each other." Then he took off his sandals, bared his forearms, and said: "O Jabir, give from your fleeting world for your everlasting Hereafter, from your life ²⁴⁰ for your death, from your health for your sickness, from your wealth for your poverty. Today you are in the abode, tomorrow in the graves, and to Allah all matters return."' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those by whose touch pain and ache are healed through blessing, the greatest messenger from between whose fingers flowing water gushed and sprang, from whose virtues—those of his successor and cousin, our master 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him—it is narrated that Mu'awiya said to Dirar ibn Damra: "Describe 'Ali to me." He said: "Excuse me." He said: "I adjure you to describe him." He said: "Since it must be, then by Allah, he was far-reaching in vision, mighty in strength, speaking with excellence, judging with justice. Knowledge gushed forth from his sides, and wisdom spoke from his tongue. He was desolate from this world and its splendor, and intimate with the night and its solitude. He was abundant in tears, long in thought, preferring coarse food and clothing. He was among us like one of us; he would answer us when we asked him, and come to us when we called him. Yet, by Allah, despite his closeness and proximity to us, we could hardly speak to him out of awe. He honored the people of religion and drew near the poor. The powerful did not hope for his falsehood, nor did the weak despair of his justice. I bear witness that I saw him in some of his moments when night had drawn its curtains and its stars had set, clutching his beard, writhing like a snake-bitten person, weeping the weeping of the sorrowful, saying: "O world ²⁴¹, deceive someone else! Do you present yourself to me or yearn for me? Far, far from it! I have divorced you thrice, with no return. Your life is short, your danger great, your existence contemptible. Alas for the scarcity of provisions, the length of the journey, and the loneliness of the road!" Then Mu'awiya, may Allah be pleased with him, wept and said: "May Allah have mercy on Abu al-Hasan ²⁴²; by Allah, he was indeed like that. How is your grief for him, O Dirar?" He said: "The grief of one whose child was slaughtered in her lap; her tears do not dry, nor is her anguish hidden." * Muhammad is my brother and my in-law, * And Hamza, the master of martyrs, is my uncle, * And Ja'far, who spends evening and morning * Flying with the angels, is my maternal cousin, * And the daughter of Muhammad is my dwelling and my bride, * Her love is tied to my blood and my flesh, * And the two grandsons of Ahmad are my sons from her, * So which of you has a share like my share? * I preceded you all to Islam * As a boy, before I reached the age of puberty. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who acquired knowledge from the unseen world and learned, the most excellent of those who spoke with comprehensive words and exquisite wisdom, and from whose miracles—those of his successor and cousin, our master 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him—it is narrated that he was asked while on the pulpit about the saying of Allah Almighty: "Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allah. Some of them have fulfilled their vow ²⁴³, and some of them are waiting, and they have not changed in the least" ²⁴⁴. He said: "O Allah, forgiveness! This ²⁴⁵ verse was revealed concerning me, my uncle Hamza, and my cousin 'Ubayda ibn al-Harith. As for 'Ubayda, he fulfilled his vow as a martyr on the day of Badr; Hamza fulfilled his vow as a martyr on the day of Uhud; and as for me, I am waiting for the most wretched of them ²⁴⁶ to dye this from this"—and he pointed with his hand to his beard and his head—"a covenant that my beloved Abu al-Qasim ²⁴⁷, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, made with me." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who obeyed the command of his Lord, the most excellent of all whom Allah cared for and took charge of, from whose miracles—those of his successor and cousin, our master 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him—it is narrated from Tamim ibn al-Mughira who said: "In the month of Ramadan of the year in which he was killed, 'Ali would break his fast one night at al-Hasan's, one night at al-Husayn's, and one night at 'Abdullah ibn Ja'far's, without increasing his food beyond three ²⁴⁸..."

...a mouthful or four, and he would say: "Verily, I love that the command of Allah should come to me while I am hungry (khamīṣ). It is only a few nights." Then, on the night before the day he was killed, he went out frequently and looked towards the sky, and he began to say: "By Allah, I have not lied nor have I been lied to, and indeed this is the night which I was promised." Then, when he went out at the time of dawn (saḥar), the wretched one (ash-shaqī), Ibn Muljam, struck him and killed him, and he passed on to the mercy of Allah. O Allah, I ask of You, O my Master, by the standing (jāh) of this noble lord (as-sayyid al-jalīl), the noble caliph (al-khalīfah an-nabīl), the hero of heroes (baṭal al-abṭāl), the subduer of the people of deviation (zaygh) and error (ḍalāl), the foremost in Islam, the just in judgments, the gate of the city of knowledge, the one likened to Abraham the Intimate Friend (al-Khalīl) in forbearance (ḥilm), the preponderant in faith, the knower of the Qur'an, the unsheathed sword of Allah (sayf Allāh al-maslūl), the cousin of the Messenger, the husband of the pure and radiant lady (as-sayyidah aṭ-ṭāhirah az-zahrā') the chaste one (al-batūl), the great in virtues (manāqib), the knight of the Easts and Wests, the piercing star (an-najm ath-thāqib), the father of the two noble grandsons (as-sibṭayn al-karīmayn), the Commander of the Faithful (Amīr al-Mu'minīn), our master and our lord, Ali ibn Abi Talib, that You send blessings upon our master Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, a blessing by which You facilitate for us all objectives (maṭālib), and grace us with beautiful gifts (mawāhib), and give us to drink from the drink of Your love and his love—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—the sweet and refreshing drink (al-'adhb al-mashārib), and raise our ranks among Your saints, the people of high stations and lofty degrees. O Allah, forgive our great sins, conceal our ugly faults, and return from the blessings of the prayer upon him—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and his family upon us, and upon our parents, our children, our brothers, and all our relatives and those who love us, and take charge of all in movements and stillness, and be for us and for them in life and after death, by Your bounty and generosity, O Sufficer of important matters (Yā Kāfiya al-muhimmāt), O Granter of needs (Yā Qāḍiya al-ḥājāt), O Answerer of supplications (Yā Mujība ad-da'awāt), Amen, O Lord of the Worlds. * The love of Imam Ali is among the greatest means of nearness (qurub) * How many a goal (qaṣd) and need (arub) have you attained through it * The caliph of the Chosen One (al-Muṣṭafā) truly, and his helper * And his son-in-law, pure in lineage (a'rāq) and descent (nasab) * The adornment of the Companions, the most just among them and the most eloquent * Who can equal him in exhortation (wa'ẓ) and sermons (khuṭab)? * The sword of God (Sayf al-Ilāh) against the enemies and their destroyer * How many did he give to drink from the cup of death (ḥatf) and destruction ('aṭab)? * Allah raised his rank and honored him * With a station (martabah) that is exalted above all other stations (ruta b) * Who can be compared to him in virtue (faḍl) and station (manzilah)? * And his praise has come in the reports (akhbār) and books (kutub) * The brother of the Prophet, the father of the two grandsons, whose virtue * The great ones of the non-Arabs ('ajam) and Arabs ('arab) have testified * The sea of generosity (bahr an-nadā), the pole (quṭb) of all the people of Allah * Possessor of knowledge (ilm), forbearance (ḥilm), courage (iqdām), and noble lineage (ḥasab) In the battlefields (mashāhid) his bravery (shajā'ah) became manifest * How many a distress (kurab) did he dispel by his charge (ḥimlah)? If one were to speak of the sea, his virtues (faḍā'il) would not be counted * Concerning them, people have become weary, without wonder None denies his virtue among people except a youth * Blind of insight (baṣīrah), sick of heart with disease (waṣab) Is he not the one to whom the Prophet said * A saying that reports (akhbār) have not transmitted through the ages (ḥiqab): "Whoever I am his master (mawlā) truly, then you are his * Master (mawlā)"—and he purified the sound saying from falsehood By his relation (nisbah) to the Chosen One (al-Muṣṭafā) his excellence (maziyyah) was perfected * How noble it is, it has risen above all other lineages (nasab) No lineage (nisbah) remains below it, nor any cause (sabab) * Blessed (ṭūbā) is he who attains, through this possessor of worth, the means (sabab) He never inclined towards the world (dunyā) and its adornment * Nor was he occupied with amusement (lahw) or play (la'ib) How often did he stand, with his eye weeping at dawns (asḥār) * Reciting the remembrance (dhikr) with yearnings (ashwāq) and joy (ṭarab) How often did he manifest justice in judgments, striving * In seeking pleasure (riḍā), not fearing blame (lawm) nor anger (ghaḍab) Until the High Judge (al-ḥākim al-'ālī) decreed his martyrdom (shahādah) * And one does not repel the decree of Allah by flight (harab) Indeed, Allah has bridled his killer with fires * Woe to him, he has incurred loss (khusrān) and wrath (ghaḍab) He is the martyr (ash-shahīd), and the sword of transgression (sayf al-baghy) turned against * The one who drew it, from the blindness of the heart, veiled (muḥtajib) I wish that I were a ransom for him * I would ransom him with my soul, my children, and my wealth (nashab) O seeker of good from Allah, seeking it * Then listen to what I have said, if you are possessed of courtesy (adab) And the Imam, Ali, is exalted, and his love is preserved * For his love is a cure (mubri') for worry (hamm) and disease (waṣab) And call upon him if the night of calamities (khuṭūb) darkens, and say * He will answer you with ease (sahl), assistance (is'āf), and spaciousness (raḥab) My master, your servant is one of purpose (qaṣd), and You are for him * The best Helper (ni'm al-mu'īn) upon whatever he desires of request (ṭalab) So intercede for him quickly, and hear his speech * O you whose love has permeated (sarā) into flesh (laḥm) and sinew ('aṣab) By the right of Fatimah az-Zahra, along with Hasan * And by al-Husayn the martyr, the best of the chosen (muntakhab) Far be it from you (ḥāshākum) to deprive one who hopes for your bounty (nawāl) * And far be it that your asker should return without need (arub) O People of the House of the Messenger of Allah (Ahl Bayt Rasūl Allāh), indeed you * Are a noble people (qawm kirām), you have excelled over every possessor of lineage (nasab) Blessed (ṭūbā) are you, my masters (sādatī), truly, by your relation (nisbah) * To the most honorable of the Messengers, the best of the non-Arabs ('ajm) and Arabs ('arab) May the God of the Throne (Ilāh al-'Arsh) send blessings upon him as long as the sun rises * And as long as the people of religion perform acts of devotion (qurub) A Section (Faṣl) Concerning His Choice—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—Regarding Hidden Things (al-Mughayyabāt). O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom the followers follow in his guidance (hady) and his way (sīrah), the most beloved friend (ḥabīb) for whom the lover ransoms his soul, his wealth, his child, and his spouse, about whom it is narrated—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—that he said: "Indeed, Allah raised the world (dunyā) up to me, and I look at it and at what will occur in it until the Day of Resurrection, as if I were looking at this palm of mine." And from Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman, who said: "The Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—stood among us in a station (maqām), and he left nothing in that station of his until the establishment of the Hour except that he spoke of it. Whoever memorized it, memorized it, and whoever forgot it, forgot it. These companions of mine know it. And indeed, there is a thing that I have forgotten, and then I see it and recognize it, and I remember it just as a man remembers the face of a man when he has been absent from him, then when he sees him, he recognizes him. By Allah, the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—did not leave any leader of tribulation (fitnah), until the world ends, who reaches those with him and beyond, except that he named him for us by his name, his father's name, and his tribe." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the mine of good things (ma'din al-khayrāt), the spring of joys (afrāḥ) and delights (masarrāt), about whom, from his reports—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—of hidden things (al-mughayyabāt), it is narrated that he announced the death of an-Najāshī to the people on the day he died, and said: "A righteous man from Abyssinia has died today, so stand and pray over him." And he went out with them to the place of prayer (muṣallā), lined them up, and prayed over him, saying four takbīrs. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of Your servants, and the best of messengers by whom and by whose community You have traversed the best of paths (masālik), about whom, from his reports—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—of hidden things (al-mughayyabāt), it is narrated that he said: "When Kisrā (Chosroes) perishes, there will be no Kisrā after him; and when Qayṣar (Caesar) perishes, there will be no Qayṣar after him. By Him in Whose hand is my soul, their treasures will surely be spent in the path of Allah." And he said to Surāqah: "How will you be when you wear the bracelets of Kisrā?" Then, when they were brought to 'Umar, he put them on him, in confirmation of his miracle—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and said: "Praise be to Allah, Who stripped them from Kisrā and clothed them upon Surāqah ibn Mālik." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of sound opinion (ar-ra'y al-musaddad), and the best of those who laid the foundations of the religion (qawā'id ad-dīn) and strengthened them, about whom, from his reports

It is narrated that he, peace be upon him, sent an army to Mu'tah ²⁴⁹ and appointed Zayd ibn Harithah ²⁵⁰ over them, then said: "If he is killed, then Ja'far ibn Abi Talib ²⁵¹; if he is killed, then 'Abdullah ibn Rawahah ²⁵²." When the Muslims met at the aforementioned place, he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sat on the pulpit, and it was unveiled for him until he saw their battlefield. He said: "Zayd ibn Harithah took the banner until he was martyred," and he prayed for him, then said: "Ask forgiveness for him." Then Ja'far ibn Abi Talib took the banner and fought until he was martyred, and he prayed for him, then said: "Ask forgiveness for your brother Ja'far." Then 'Abdullah took the banner and was martyred, and he prayed for him, then said: "Ask forgiveness for your brother." Thus he informed his companions of their deaths at the very hour they were killed, while between him, peace be upon him, and them was a full month's journey or more. (132) O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the seal of Your prophets and the imam ²⁵³ of Your chosen ones, from whose reports of the unseen, peace be upon him, is what is narrated of his informing Quraysh ²⁵⁴ about the termite eating what was in the scroll ²⁵⁵ they had used to conspire against the Banu Hashim ²⁵⁶ and sever their kinship ties, and that it had left only every name of Allah in it, and they found it as he said. He said: "The earth was rolled up for me, and I saw its easts and wests, and the dominion of my community will reach what was rolled up for me of it," and so it was. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of Your hidden secret and the treasurer of Your stored knowledge, from whose reports of the unseen, peace be upon him, is what is narrated that he, peace be upon him, said to Lady Fatimah al-Zahra' ²⁵⁷ during his illness in which he died: "You are the first of my family to join me," and she lived only six months after him. And what is narrated from Wathilah ibn al-Asqa' ²⁵⁸ who said: I came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while he was with a group of his companions speaking to them, and I sat in the middle of the circle. Some of them said: O Wathilah, get up from this place, for we have been forbidden from it. He, peace be upon him, said: "Leave him and me, for I know what brought him out of his house." I said: O Messenger of Allah, what (133) brought me out of my house? He said: "What brought you out of your house is to ask about righteousness and about doubt." Wathilah said: By Him who sent you with the truth, nothing else brought me out. He, peace be upon him, said: "Righteousness is what settles in the chest and the heart feels at ease with it, and doubt is what does not settle in the chest. So leave what makes you doubt for what does not make you doubt, even if the muftis ²⁵⁹ give you a fatwa ²⁶⁰." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your noble Prophet and the best of those whom You have distinguished with radiant character and great morality, from whose reports of the unseen, peace be upon him, is what is narrated that he, peace be upon him, said to our master 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him: "Who is the most wretched of the former peoples?" He said: The slayer of the she-camel ²⁶¹. He said: "Then who is the most wretched of the later peoples?" He said: Allah and His Messenger know best. He said: "Your killer, who will strike you here, and this will become wet from it," and he took hold of his beard. And Ibn Muljam ²⁶² struck him. And he said to Mu'awiyah ²⁶³: "Indeed, you will rule over my community after me. When that happens, accept from their righteous and overlook their wrongdoers." Mu'awiyah said: I kept hoping for that until I attained this position of mine. And he said: "'Uthman ²⁶⁴ will be killed while reciting from the Mushaf ²⁶⁵," and he was martyred in his house with the Mushaf before him, and blood fell upon the words of the Exalted: "So Allah will suffice you against them, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing." ²⁶⁶ O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad (134), the imam of Your near-station angels and Your beloved intercessor for the disobedient and sinners, from whose reports of the unseen, peace be upon him, is what is narrated that he, peace be upon him, informed during his lifetime of the Battle of the Camel ²⁶⁷ and Siffin ²⁶⁸, and of the fighting of 'A'ishah ²⁶⁹ and al-Zubayr ²⁷⁰ against 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with them. He said: "The lady of the humpbacked camel will go out until the dogs of Haw'ab ²⁷¹ bark at her, and many will be killed around her, and she will be saved after nearly being killed," and it was 'A'ishah. And he said to al-Zubayr: "You will fight 'Ali while you are wronging him." And he said concerning our master al-Hasan ²⁷²: "Indeed, this son of mine is a master, and Allah will bring about reconciliation through him between two great groups of Muslims." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the most excellent of the excellent, and through the blessing of invoking blessings upon him harm and affliction are repelled, from whose reports of the unseen, peace be upon him, is what is narrated that he, peace be upon him, said to 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr ²⁷³: "Woe to the people from you, and woe to you from the people," and what happened with al-Hajjaj ²⁷⁴ occurred. And our master 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar ²⁷⁵ saw a man with him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.

He greeted and the man did not recognize him, so the Prophet ﷺ said to him: "Did you see him?" He replied: "Yes." He said: "That was Gabriel ²⁷⁶. Indeed, you will lose your sight." So he became blind at the end of his life. And the Prophet ﷺ informed about the killing of al-Husayn ²⁷⁷ in al-Ta'if ²⁷⁸, and he brought out some soil with his hand and said: "In this is his resting place." Umm Salama ²⁷⁹ said: "He gave me a handful of red soil and said: 'This is from the soil of the land where al-Husayn will be killed. When it turns into blood, know that he has been killed.' So I placed it in a bottle I had, and I used to say: 'A day when it turns into blood is indeed a great day.' And it happened as he said, and al-Husayn was martyred in the land of Karbala' ²⁸⁰. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of all whom Allah purified and cleansed, the guide to goodness by whom Allah guided every ignorant and foolish person. Among his reports of the unseen are what has been narrated of his informing about the death of the best and the next best, the shortening of time, the lifting of trust, the prevalence of betrayal, the envy of peers, the scarcity of men, the abundance of women, the taking away of knowledge, the frequency of earthquakes, the emergence of trials and turmoil, the competition in building, and the severity of affliction until a man passes by the grave of his brother and says: 'Would that I were in his place.' And among that is his informing about the Rafida ²⁸¹, the Qadariyya ²⁸², the Murji'a ²⁸³, and the Khawarij ²⁸⁴. Abu Sa'id al-Khudri ²⁸⁵ said: "While we were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and he was distributing something on the day of Hunayn ²⁸⁶, Dhul-Khuwaysira ²⁸⁷ came and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, be just!' He said: 'Woe to you! Who would be just if I am not just? You have failed and lost if I am not just.' 'Umar said: 'Let me strike his neck, O Messenger of Allah.' He said: 'Leave him, for he has companions ²⁸⁸ whose prayer and fasting would make you consider yours insignificant. They recite the Qur'an but it does not go beyond their collarbones. They will pass through Islam as an arrow passes through the game. Their sign is a black man with one of his upper arms like a woman's breast. They will emerge at a time of heedlessness among the people.'" Abu Sa'id said: "I bear witness that I heard this from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and I bear witness that 'Ali fought them and I was with him. He ordered that man to be sought, and he was found. He was brought until I saw him exactly as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had described." Section on his answered supplications and his prayers ﷺ and upon his family and companions. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the cause of my guidance and rectitude, the treasure of my provision and support. Among his answered supplications is what is narrated from Anas ibn Malik ²⁸⁹: "My mother said: 'O Messenger of Allah, your servant Anas, pray to Allah for him.' He said: 'O Allah, increase his wealth and children, and bless him in what You have given him.' By Allah, my wealth is abundant, and my children and grandchildren today number about a hundred. I do not know anyone who has attained the comfort of life that I have attained. And I have buried with these two hands a hundred of my children." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best beloved for whom wealth, family, and souls are sacrificed, the most excellent beauty whose remembrance and blessings are constantly uttered in standing and sitting. Among his answered supplications is what is narrated that he ﷺ prayed for our master 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf ²⁹⁰ for blessing. He said: "If I lifted a stone, I would hope to find gold under it." And Allah opened for him through the blessing of his prayer until he died, and gold was dug from his legacy with axes. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whose grace and attributes Allah perfected, and through whose blessing worry, grief, and every affliction are removed. Among his answered supplications is what is narrated that he ﷺ prayed that Allah would honor Islam through 'Umar or through Abu Jahl ²⁹¹, and it was answered in 'Umar. He prayed for Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas ²⁹² that Allah would answer his prayer, and he never prayed against anyone except it was answered. He prayed for Mu'awiya ²⁹³ for authority in the lands, and he attained the caliphate through that. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the most eloquent of creation in speech, the greatest in rank and the most magnificent in station. Among his answered supplications is what is narrated that when the people suffered thirst in some of his campaigns, 'Umar asked him to pray. He prayed, and a cloud came and gave them as much water as they needed, then cleared away. He said to al-Nabigha ²⁹⁴: "May Allah not cause your mouth to break!" So no tooth of his ever fell; rather, he had the most beautiful teeth. If a tooth fell, another grew in its place, and he lived for one hundred and twenty years. He said to Abu Qatada ²⁹⁵: "May your face prosper! O Allah, bless him in his hair and skin." So he died at the age of ninety, looking like a fifteen-year-old. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the crown of prophethood and messengership, sent to humans and jinn, the overflowing sea of generosity with gifts of kindness and beneficence. When he prayed for our master 'Abdullah ibn Ja'far ²⁹⁶ for blessing in the transaction of his right hand, he never bought anything without profiting. He prayed similarly for al-Miqdad ²⁹⁷, and he had sacks of wealth. He prayed for Ibn 'Abbas ²⁹⁸ saying: "O Allah, give him understanding of religion and teach him interpretation." After that, he was called the scholar of the community and the interpreter of the Qur'an. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of the lofty station and high rank, the most balanced of creation in intellect and the most correct in opinion.

He who, when he prayed against Mudar ²⁹⁹, they suffered drought until Quraysh sought his intercession, and then they were given rain after his prayer for them. And he prayed against Kisra ³⁰⁰ when he tore his letter, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and no remnant of him remained, nor did the sovereignty of Persia survive in any part of the world. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the sultan of those who bind and loose ³⁰¹, the fragrance of breaths, the scent of whose noble body surpasses that of flowers and roses. It is narrated that al-Tufayl ibn Amr ³⁰² asked him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for a sign for his people, and he said: "O Allah, grant him light." So a light shone between his eyes. He said: "O Lord, I fear they will say it is a disfigurement." So it shifted to the tip of his whip, and it would illuminate for him in the darkest night. And he prayed for the mother of Abu Hurayra ³⁰³ to accept Islam, and she became Muslim. And he prayed for our master Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, that he be spared heat and cold, so he would wear summer clothes in winter and winter clothes in summer, and by the blessing of his prayer, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, neither heat nor cold affected him. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the key to the door of mercy and forgiveness, and by the blessing of prayers upon him, the heart is polished from rust and covering ³⁰⁴. It is narrated that our lady Fatima al-Zahra ³⁰⁵, may Allah be pleased with her, had a pallor from hunger. He looked at her, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, placed his noble hand on her chest, and said: "O Allah, Feeder of the hungry, do not let Fatima daughter of Muhammad go hungry." Imran ibn al-Husayn ³⁰⁶ said: I looked at her, and the pallor on her face had been replaced by a flush. I met her later, and she said: "I have never been hungry since that prayer, O Imran." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of masters, by whose blessing hardships are removed, and the most blessed one, at whose mention and prayers upon him, mercies descend. It is narrated that when he recited "By the Star" ³⁰⁷, Utayba ibn Abi Lahab ³⁰⁸ said: "He disbelieves in the Lord of the Star." So he, peace be upon him, said: "O Allah, set upon him a dog from Your dogs." So he set out with his companions on a caravan until they were in Syria and camped. A lion came, sniffing their heads one by one until it reached him, then chewed him up. He kept saying to his companions: "Did I not tell you? Muhammad is the most truthful of people," until he died. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the descendant of the highest celestial beings ³⁰⁹, and the one by whose law all laws and religions were abrogated. When Mazin al-Umani ³¹⁰ said to him: "O Messenger of Allah, I am a man addicted to pleasure, drinking wine, and women. Years of drought have befallen us, consuming wealth and emaciating children and men. I have no child. Pray to Allah to remove from me what I feel, grant me modesty, and give me a child." He, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "O Allah, replace his pleasure with recitation of the Quran, and the unlawful with the lawful, grant him modesty, and give him a child." Mazin said: "Allah removed from me all that I felt, Oman became fertile, I married four free women, and Allah granted me two sons, Hayyan." A collection of his supplications, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, great in rank and status, the best of those by whose blessing pain and harm are healed. Among his supplications, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was: "O Allah, set right for me my religion, which is the safeguard of my affairs; set right for me my worldly life, wherein is my livelihood; set right for me my Hereafter, wherein is my return; make life an increase for me in every good, and make death a relief for me from every evil." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your chosen Prophet, Your beloved, whose rank and status are raised above every measure. Among his supplications, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was: "O Allah, benefit me with what You have taught me, teach me what will benefit me, and increase me in knowledge. Praise be to Allah in every circumstance, and I seek refuge in Allah from the state of the people of the Fire." And he would say: "O Allah, let me enjoy my hearing and my sight, and make them my heirs ³¹¹; grant me victory over those who wrong me, and take revenge for me from them." And his most frequent supplication was: "Our Lord, give us in this world good, and in the Hereafter good, and protect us from the punishment of the Fire." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your chosen one and intimate friend, the treasurer of Your knowledge and Your trustee. He would say in his supplication, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: "O Allah, to You I have submitted, in You I have believed, upon You I have relied, to You I have turned, and with You I have contended. O Allah, I seek refuge in Your might—there is no god but You—from leading me astray. You are the Living who does not die, while jinn and humans die. O Allah, I ask You for guidance, piety, chastity, and self-sufficiency." And his most frequent supplication, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was: "O Turner of hearts, make my heart firm upon Your religion." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the treasure of my provision and my pride, and the one through love of whom and prayers upon whom my status among the lovers is known and my rank is elevated. He, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would say in his supplication:

My Lord, help me ³¹² and do not help against me, grant me victory and do not grant victory against me, guide me and do not guide against me. My Lord, make me grateful to You, mindful of You, fearful of You, obedient to You, humble before You, penitent and returning ³¹³. My Lord, accept my repentance, wash away my sin, answer my supplication, establish my proof, guide my tongue, guide my heart, and remove the rancor from my chest. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your servant and messenger, Your beloved, Your chosen one from among Your creation, and Your intimate friend, who used to say in his supplication: "O Allah, I ask You for the doing of good deeds, the abandonment of evil deeds, and love of the poor. And when You intend a trial for a people, take me to You untried. O Allah, Cleaver of the dawn ³¹⁴, Maker of the night as a rest, and the sun and the moon as a reckoning ³¹⁵, discharge my debt, enrich me from poverty, let me enjoy my hearing, my sight, and my strength, and cause me to die in Your way." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your prophet, the bringer of glad tidings and the warner, and whom You made the most perfect of every perfect one, so he is worthy of every virtue, who used to say in his supplication: "O Allah, forgive me my sin, my ignorance, my excess in my affairs, and what You know better than I. O Allah, forgive me my seriousness and my jest, my error and my intent, and all that is with me. O Allah, forgive me what I have sent forth and what I have left behind, what I have concealed and what I have declared, and what You know better than I. You are the Advancer and You are the Delayer, and You are over all things competent." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the exalted in station and great in rank, the best of all who sat and stood in obedience to his Lord, who used to say in his seeking refuge ³¹⁶: "O Allah, I seek refuge in You from worry and grief, from the burden of debt—that is, its severity—and from the domination of men. And I seek refuge in You from leprosy, vitiligo, madness, and evil diseases." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of the highest rank, the best of those who were given divine knowledge ³¹⁷ and the most beneficial secret, who used to say in his seeking refuge: "O Allah, I seek refuge in You from decrepitude and collapse, and I seek refuge in You from falling, from drowning and burning, and I seek refuge in You from being possessed by the devil at the time of death, and I seek refuge in You from dying in Your way while retreating, and I seek refuge in You from dying from a sting. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from a heart that does not humble itself, from a supplication that is not heard, from a soul that is not satisfied, and from knowledge that does not benefit. I seek refuge in You from these four." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the eye of comprehensive and universal mercy, and through the blessing of sending blessings upon him every calamity and great disaster is repelled, who used to say when he feared evil: "O Allah, we place You in their throats ³¹⁸, and we seek refuge in You from their evils." And he used to seek refuge for al-Hasan and al-Husayn, saying: "Your father used to seek refuge with these words for Ishmael and Isaac: 'I seek refuge in the perfect words of Allah from every devil and every poisonous creature, and from every envious eye.'" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the beloved of the King, the Creator, and the best of all beings absolutely, who used to say in his seeking refuge, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: "O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the removal of Your blessing, the change of Your well-being, the suddenness of Your vengeance, and all of Your wrath. O Allah, I seek refuge in You from poverty, scarcity, and humiliation, and I seek refuge in You from oppressing or being oppressed, and I seek refuge in You from discord, hypocrisy, and bad character." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of all whose character Allah beautified and adorned, and the best of helpers by whom Allah supported His upright religion and aided, who used to say in his seeking refuge, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: "O Allah, I seek refuge in You from hunger, for it is an evil bedfellow, and I seek refuge in You from treachery, for it is an evil inner companion." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your prophet sent with the obligatory and the sunna, and Your beloved whose love saves from the Fire, for it is a protection and a shield from it, and who used to say in his seeking forgiveness: "I seek forgiveness from Allah, there is no god but He, the Living, the Self-Subsisting, and I repent to Him. My Lord, forgive me and accept my repentance, for You are the Oft-Returning, the Oft-Forgiving." And he said: "The master of seeking forgiveness is that the servant says: 'O Allah, You are my Lord, there is no god but You. You created me and I am Your servant, and I am upon Your covenant and promise as much as I am able. I seek refuge in You from the evil of what I have done. I acknowledge Your favor upon me, and I acknowledge my sin, so forgive me, for none forgives sins except You.'" He, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever says it during the day with certainty in it, and dies on that day before evening, he is among the people of Paradise. And whoever says it during the night with certainty in it, and dies before morning, he is among the people of Paradise." A section on his ³¹⁹ incantation ³²⁰, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and his supplications with which he, peace be upon him, used to treat the sick. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the beloved of the Strong, the Powerful, and the best of those who receive the command of his Lord with hearing and obedience and hasten, about whom it is narrated from Thabit al-Bunani ³²¹ that he said: I said to Anas ibn Malik: O Abu Hamza, I am ill. Anas said: Shall I not perform incantation upon you with the incantation of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace? I said: Yes. He said: Say: "O Allah, Lord of the people, Remover of affliction, heal, for You are the Healer, there is no healer but You, a healing that leaves no sickness." And from Uthman ibn Abi al-As ³²² that he complained to him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, of a pain he had been feeling since he embraced Islam. He, peace be upon him, said to him: "Place your hand on the part of your body that hurts, and say: 'In the name of Allah' three times, and say seven times: 'I seek refuge in the might of Allah and His power from the evil of what I find and fear.'" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the ornament of ornaments, and the seal of the prophets and messengers without doubt or falsehood, about whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "The evil eye is real, and if anything were to precede the decree, the evil eye would precede it." And he used to seek refuge from it by saying: "I seek refuge in the perfect words of Allah from every devil and every poisonous creature, and from every envious eye." And Aisha said: Gabriel, peace be upon him, used to perform incantation upon him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when he was ill, saying: "In the name of Allah, He cures you, and from every disease He heals you, and from the evil of an envier when he envies, and from the evil of every possessor of an eye." His remedy, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, for the disease of fright and insomnia. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those from whom Your praise and gratitude emanated, and the best prophet encompassed by Your goodness and favor, about whom it is narrated from Khalid ibn al-Walid ¹², may Allah be pleased with him, that he said to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: I am terrified in my sleep. He, peace be upon him, said to him: "Say: 'I seek refuge in the perfect words of Allah from His wrath, His punishment, the evil of His servants, and from the whisperings of the devils and that they should come to me.'"

"the whisperings of the devils and that they should attend." And from Buraydah (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: Khalid complained to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), saying: "O Messenger of Allah, I cannot sleep at night due to insomnia." He (peace be upon him) said: "When you go to your bed, say: 'O Allah, Lord of the seven heavens and what they overshadow, Lord of the earths and what they carry, Lord of the devils and what they lead astray, be a protector for me from the evil of all Your creation, lest any of them should transgress against me or oppress me. Mighty is Your protection, exalted is Your praise, and there is no god but You.'" His (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) supplication for the heat of calamity and for the ailment of worry and distress. O Allah, send prayers, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad (149), the Most Kind, the Most Merciful, and the best of those who guided Your servants to the straight path. It is narrated from him (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that he said: "No one is afflicted with a calamity and says: 'Indeed, we belong to Allah, and indeed to Him we will return. O Allah, reward me in my calamity and compensate me with something better than it,' except that Allah will reward him in it and compensate him with something better than it." And he used to say at times of distress: "There is no god but Allah, the Almighty, the Forbearing. There is no god but Allah, Lord of the Mighty Throne. There is no god but Allah, Lord of the seven heavens, Lord of the earths, and Lord of the Noble Throne." O Allah, send prayers, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the highest of the prophets in rank and station. And by the blessing of sending prayers upon him, affliction and infirmity are repelled. It is narrated from him (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that when a matter distressed him, he would say: "O Living, O Self-Subsisting, by Your mercy I seek aid." And he said: "The supplications of the distressed one: 'O Allah, I hope for Your mercy, so do not entrust me to myself for the blink of an eye, and rectify for me all my affairs. There is no god but You.'" And he said: "No servant is afflicted with worry or grief and says: 'O Allah, I am Your servant, son of Your servant, son of Your maidservant. My forelock is in Your hand. Your decree is executed upon me, and Your judgment upon me is just. I ask You by every name that is Yours, by which You have named Yourself, or revealed in Your Book, (150) or taught to any of Your creation, or kept to Yourself in the knowledge of the unseen with You, to make the Great Quran the spring of my heart, the light of my chest, the dispeller of my grief, and the remover of my worry,' except that Allah will replace his grief and worry and give him joy in their place." O Allah, send prayers, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the light of my insight and my eye. And by the blessing of sending prayers upon him and seeing his noble face, my [distress] has departed. It is narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) entered the mosque one day and saw a man from the Ansar called Abu Umamah. He said: "O Abu Umamah, why do I see you in the mosque at an unusual time?" He replied: "Worries have clung to me and debts, O Messenger of Allah." He said: "Shall I not teach you words which, if you say them, Allah Almighty will remove your worry and settle your debt?" I said: "Yes, O Messenger of Allah." He said: "Say when you enter the morning and when you enter the evening: 'O Allah, I seek refuge in You from incapacity and laziness, and I seek refuge in You from cowardice and miserliness, and I seek refuge in You from the overwhelming of debt and the oppression of men.'" Abu Umamah said: "I did that, and Allah removed my worry and settled my debt." O Allah, send prayers, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad (151), the master of the worlds, and the imam of those who repent, those who are enraptured in Your love. It is narrated from him (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that he said: "Whoever has many worries, let him frequently say: 'There is no power and no strength except with Allah.'" And he said: "No matter distressed me but that Jibril (Gabriel) appeared to me and said: 'O Muhammad, say: I have relied upon the Living who does not die, and praise be to Allah who has not taken a son, and has no partner in dominion, and has no protector from humiliation, and magnify Him with great magnification.'" And he said: "Indeed, I know a word which no distressed person says except that Allah relieves him: the word of my brother Yunus (Jonah): 'And he called out within the darknesses: "There is no god but You, exalted are You; indeed, I have been of the wrongdoers."'" O Allah, send prayers and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the fragrance of breaths, the chosen one of creation despite the diversity of kinds. It is narrated from our master Ja'far al-Sadiq (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: My father narrated to me from my grandfather that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), when a matter distressed him, would supplicate with this supplication: "O Allah, guard me with Your eye that never sleeps, and shelter me with Your pillar that is never assailed, and have mercy on me through Your power over me, so that I do not perish, for You are my hope. How many a blessing You have bestowed upon me for which my gratitude to You was little, and how many a trial You have afflicted me with for which my patience with You was little. O He whose blessing my gratitude was little for, yet He did not deprive me; O He at whose trial my patience was little, yet He did not forsake me; O He who saw me upon sins yet did not disgrace me; (152) O Possessor of beneficence that never ends, O Possessor of blessings that cannot be counted, I ask You to send prayers upon our master Muhammad and upon the family of Muhammad, and by You I [seek] my inheritance against the throats of enemies and tyrants. O Allah, help me in my religion through piety, and in my Hereafter through piety, and protect me in what I am absent from, and do not entrust me to myself in what I am present for. O He whom sins do not harm and forgiveness does not benefit, grant me what does not benefit You, and forgive me what does not harm You. Indeed, You are the Bestower. I ask You for imminent relief, beautiful patience, abundant provision, safety from trials, gratitude for safety, perfection of safety, and I ask You for the continuance of safety, and I ask You for gratitude upon safety, and I ask You for independence from people." His (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) remedy for poverty. O Allah, send prayers, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the intercessor of creation on the day of regret and remorse, the best of benefactors before the excuse of the apologizer and the one who overlooks the slip. It is narrated that a man said to him (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "O Messenger of Allah, the world has turned away from me and departed." He said to him: "Then where are you from the prayer of the angels and the glorification of creation, and by it they are provided? Say between dawn and the time you pray the morning prayer: 'Glory be to Allah and with His praise, glory be to Allah the Almighty, I seek forgiveness from Allah,' one hundred times, and the world will come to you submissively." So the man left, and after a period he returned (153) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, the world has come to me so abundantly that I do not know where to put it due to its abundance." His (peace be upon him) remedy for fire. O Allah, send prayers, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the illuminating lamp of Your existences, the best of those whom You have distinguished in Paradise with vision and great dominion. It is narrated from him (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) that he said: "When you see a fire, then say 'Allahu Akbar' (Allah is Greatest), for it extinguishes the fire." And in another narration: "Seek aid in extinguishing fire with the Takbir (saying 'Allahu Akbar')." What he (peace be upon him) used to treat the ailment of epilepsy with. O Allah, send prayers, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad.

Master of the believing and successful ones, and Imam of the acting and winning ones, from whom it is narrated from our master Khalid, may God be pleased with him, who said: I said, O Messenger of God, a plotting jinn is plotting against me. He said: Say, "I seek refuge in the perfect words of God, which neither the righteous nor the wicked can exceed, from the evil of what has been created in the earth and from the evil of what comes out of it, and from the evil of what ascends to the sky and descends from it, and from the evil of every night-visitor except a night-visitor who brings good, O Most Merciful." So I did it, and God removed it from me. And a woman came to him, peace and blessings be upon him, and said: I suffer from epilepsy and I become uncovered, so pray to God for me. He said: "If you wish, be patient and you will have Paradise, and if you wish, I will pray to God to heal you." She said: I will be patient, but I become uncovered, so pray to God that I may not become uncovered. So he prayed for her. And the Prophet, peace be upon him, used to be brought mad people, and he would strike the chest of one of them and he would be cured instantly. Remedy for sorcery. O God, send blessings and peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the vast of comfort, and by the blessing of sending blessings upon him, God removes from the believer his worry and sorrows. It is narrated from Aisha, may God be pleased with her, who said: The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, was bewitched until he would imagine that he had done something when he had not done it. Until one night when he was with me, he prayed and prayed, then said: O Aisha, do you know that God has given me a verdict regarding what I sought His verdict? I said: What is that? He said: Two men came to me, one sat at my head and the other at my feet. One said to the other: What is the man's ailment? He said: He is bewitched. He said: Who bewitched him? He said: Labid ibn al-A'sam. He said: In what? He said: In a comb and hair clippings, and a spathe of a male palm tree. He said: Where is it? He said: In the well of Dharwan. So the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, went to it with some of his Companions. A man descended into the well and brought it out. He found in the spathe a wax figure, a figure of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and in it were needles stuck, and a bowstring with eleven knots. Then Gabriel descended with the two chapters of refuge ³²³, and every time he recited a verse, a knot was untied, and every time he pulled out a needle, he felt pain, then after that he felt relief. His remedy, peace and blessings be upon him, for headache and swelling. O God, send blessings and peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the Imam of the people of the sacred precincts ³²⁴, and by whose blessing harm and pain are removed. It is narrated that he, peace and blessings be upon him, used to seek refuge from headache, saying: "In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. In the name of God, the Great, and I seek refuge in God from the evil of every throbbing vein and from the evil of the heat of the Fire." And Asma bint Abi Bakr, may God be pleased with them both, had a swelling on her head, so the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, placed his hand on it over the clothes and said: "In the name of God, remove from her its evil and harm by the care of Your Prophet, the good, the blessed, the established with You. In the name of God." He did that three times and commanded her to say it, so she said it for three days and the swelling disappeared. His ruqya ³²⁵ for toothache. O God, send blessings and peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the eye of divine mercy and the opener of its doors, and the best of those whom the youths serve in Paradise with their pitchers and cups. It is narrated that Abdullah ibn Rawaha complained to him, peace and blessings be upon him, of a toothache. So the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, placed his hand on his cheek where the pain was and said: "O God, remove from him the evil of what he finds and its harm by the care of Your blessed Prophet with You," seven times, and God healed him before he left. And Lady Fatima complained to him, peace and blessings be upon him, of what she suffered from tooth throbbing. So he inserted his right index finger and placed it on the tooth that hurt, and said: "In the name of God and by God, I ask You by Your might, Your majesty, and Your power over all things, for indeed, Maryam ³²⁶ did not give birth to anyone other than Jesus from Your spirit and Your word, to remove what afflicts her, the daughter of Huraija, from all harm. It subsides instantly, ta biha." Ruqya for fever. O God, send blessings and peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of Your servants, both kings and the owner, and by the blessing of sending blessings upon him, the believer is saved from perils. It is narrated from Anas who said: The Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, entered upon Aisha while she had a fever and was cursing the fever. He said: Do not curse it, for it is commanded. But if you wish, I can teach you words that, if you say them, God will remove it from you. She said: Teach me. He said: "Say: O God, have mercy on my thin skin and my delicate bone from the evil of the burning. O Umm Mildam ³²⁷, if you believe in God, do not split the head, do not make the mouth stink, do not eat or drink blood, and move away from me to one who has taken another god besides God." Anas said: She said it, and it left her by the blessing of that. Mention of what protects from every affliction. O God, send blessings and peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of surpassing beauty and perfect, radiant comeliness. It is narrated from Aban ibn Uthman who said: I heard the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, say: "Whoever says, 'In the name of God, with whose name nothing on earth or in heaven can cause harm, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing,' three times in the evening, no sudden affliction will befall him until the morning."

He who says it in the morning will not be afflicted by calamity until evening." He said: Aban ibn Uthman was afflicted with palsy, and the one who heard the hadith from him began to look at him. He said: "Why are you looking at me? By Allah, I did not lie about Uthman, nor did Uthman lie about the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). But on the day I was afflicted with what afflicted me, I became angry and forgot." In another narration, he said to him: "Why are you looking at me? Indeed, the hadith is as I narrated to you, but I did not say it that day so that Allah might execute His prior decree." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of the authentic report, the radiant and beautiful face, from whom it is narrated on the authority of Anas who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever says 'Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim, wa la hawla wa la quwwata illa billah al-Ali al-Azim' ten times will be purified of his sins as on the day his mother bore him, and will be protected from seventy afflictions of the world, including insanity, leprosy, vitiligo, and paralysis." Chapter on what has been narrated regarding his worship (peace and blessings be upon him). O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the Forbearing, the Sighing, the best prophet who feared his Lord in the unseen, from whom it is narrated that he (peace and blessings be upon him) stood in prayer at night until his feet swelled. It was said to him: "Do you burden yourself with this when Allah has forgiven you your past and future sins?" He said: "Should I not be a grateful servant?" Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) was asked about his night prayer. She said: "He would sleep at the beginning of the night, then get up. When it was the time of suhur ³²⁸, he would pray witr ³²⁹, then go to his bed. If he had a need, he would approach his family. When he heard the adhan ³³⁰, he would spring up. If he was in a state of janabah ³³¹, he would pour water over himself; otherwise, he would perform wudu ³³² and go out to prayer." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the people of pardon and forgiveness, the imam of the people of the secret and opening ³³³, from whom it is narrated on the authority of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) who said: "I spent the night at my aunt Maimuna's, the wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). I lay down across the pillow, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) lay down along its length. He slept until midnight, or a little before or after. Then he woke up, wiped the sleep from his face, and recited the last ten verses of Surah Al Imran. Then he went to a water skin hanging and performed wudu from it, doing it well. Then he stood to pray. I stood beside him. He placed his right hand on my head, then took my right ear and twisted it. He prayed two rak'ahs ³³⁴, then two, then two, then two, then two, then two, then he prayed witr. Then he lay down until the mu'adhdhin ³³⁵ came. He got up and prayed two light rak'ahs, then went out and prayed the dawn prayer." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whose nature and disposition were good, the most excellent of those whose sight and hearing were employed in Your pleasure, from whom it is narrated on the authority of Zayd ibn Khalid al-Juhani who said: "I will surely observe the prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." He said: "I rested my head on his threshold or his staff. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed two light rak'ahs, then two long, long, long rak'ahs, then two rak'ahs that were shorter than the previous two, then two rak'ahs that were shorter than the previous two, then two rak'ahs that were shorter than the previous two, then two rak'ahs that were shorter than the previous two, then he prayed witr. That made thirteen rak'ahs." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the cure of my sorrow and distress, and through blessings upon him my drink becomes sweet, from whom it is narrated on the authority of Abu Salama ibn Abd al-Rahman who said: "I asked Aisha: 'How was the prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) during Ramadan?' She said: 'The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) would not increase in Ramadan or otherwise beyond eleven rak'ahs. He would pray four—do not ask about their beauty and length—then pray four—do not ask about their beauty and length—then pray three.' Aisha said: 'I said, O Messenger of Allah, do you sleep before praying witr?' He said: 'O Aisha, my eyes sleep but my heart does not sleep.'" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the lofty in rank and station, and whom Allah honored with the utmost favor, from whom it is narrated on the authority of Hudhayfa ibn al-Yaman that he prayed with him (peace and blessings be upon him). He said: "When he entered the prayer, he said: 'Allahu Akbar, Possessor of dominion, might, pride, and greatness.' Then he recited Al-Baqara, then bowed. His bowing was similar to his standing, and he would say: 'Subhana Rabbi al-Azim, Subhana Rabbi al-Azim.' Then he raised his head, and his standing was similar to his bowing, and he would say: 'Li Rabbi al-Hamd, Li Rabbi al-Hamd.' Then he prostrated, and his prostration was similar to his standing, and he would say: 'Subhana Rabbi al-A'la, Subhana Rabbi al-A'la.' Then he raised his head, and the time between the two prostrations was similar to the prostration, and he would say: 'Rabbi ighfir li, Rabbi ighfir li.' He continued until he recited Al-Baqara, Al Imran, Al-Nisa, Al-Ma'ida, and Al-An'am." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who led the noble steed to the pilgrimage of Your House and saddled the mount, the most excellent of the generous who never disappointed the one who hoped and aspired, from whom it is narrated on the authority of Abdullah ibn Mas'ud who said: "I prayed one night with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He kept standing until I intended to do a bad thing." It was said to him: "What did you intend?" He said: "I intended to sit down and leave the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)." Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) was asked about the voluntary prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). She said: "He would pray a long night standing, and a long night sitting. If he recited while standing, he would bow and prostrate while standing; if he recited while sitting, he would bow and prostrate while sitting." She also said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stood with the intention of a complete night." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every noble and most exalted, the most excellent of every eminent and honored, from whom it is narrated on the authority of Asim ibn Damra who said: "We asked Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) about the daytime prayer of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He said: 'You cannot bear that.' We said: 'Whoever among us can bear it, let him pray.' He said: 'When the sun was here like its position here at noon, he would pray four. He would pray four before noon, two after it, and four before Asr, separating between them.'"

Between every two rak'ahs ³³⁶, with the taslim ³³⁷ upon the angels brought near ³³⁸, the prophets, and those who follow them among the believers and Muslims. Mu'adhah bint 'Abdullah al-'Adawiyyah asked 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her: "Did the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, pray the Duha ³³⁹?" She said: "Yes, four rak'ahs, and he would add as much as Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, willed." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the cause of existence, the imam of the people of generosity and munificence, concerning whom it is narrated from Anas ibn Malik that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to pray the Duha as six rak'ahs. (163) 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla said: "No one informed me that they saw the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, pray the Duha except Umm Hani', may Allah be pleased with her, for she narrated that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, entered her house on the day of the conquest of Mecca, performed a ritual bath, and then prayed—that is, he prayed eight rak'ahs. I never saw him pray any prayer lighter than that, except that he completed the bowing and prostration." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of prophets who surpassed all creatures in goodness and beauty, the most excellent of messengers who surpassed the prophets in knowledge and perfection, concerning whom it is narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri that he said: "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to pray the Duha until we would say he would never abandon it, and he would abandon it until we would say he would never pray it." And from Abu Ayyub al-Ansari that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would persist in four rak'ahs at the time of the sun's decline ³⁴⁰. I said: "O Messenger of Allah, you persist in these four rak'ahs at the time of the sun's decline." He said: "Indeed, the gates of heaven are opened at the time of the sun's decline and are not closed until the Zuhr ³⁴¹ prayer is performed, so I love that good deeds should ascend for me at that hour." I said: "Is there recitation in all of them?" He said: "Yes." I said: "Is there a separating taslim ³⁴² in them?" He said: "No." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the rising star of blessing and security, the beauty of the age and time, concerning whom it is narrated from 'Abdullah ibn Shaqiq that he said: "I asked 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, about the fasting of the Messenger of Allah (164), may Allah bless him and grant him peace." She said: "He used to fast until we would say he has fasted, and he would break his fast until we would say he has broken his fast and is fasting. And he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, never fasted a complete month since he came to Medina except Ramadan." In another narration from her, she said: "I never saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, fast in any month more than his fasting in Sha'ban ³⁴³; he used to fast Sha'ban except a little, rather he would fast all of it." Umm Salamah said: "I never saw the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, fast two consecutive months except Sha'ban and Ramadan." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every knower and scholar, the beloved of the Living, the Eternal, concerning whom it is narrated from 'Abdullah that he said: "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to fast three days from the beginning of every month, and he rarely broke his fast on Friday." It is also narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would seek out fasting on Mondays and Thursdays, and he said: "Deeds are presented on Monday and Thursday, so I love that my deeds be presented while I am fasting." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who performed the pilgrimage to the Ancient House ³⁴⁴, the most excellent beloved to whom delegations come for visitation from every deep valley, concerning whom it is narrated from 'A'ishah that she said: "The most beloved of actions to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was that which was done regularly, even if little." She was asked, may Allah be pleased with her: "Did the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, single out any (165) days?" She said: "No, his action was constant. And which of you can endure what the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, could endure?" A section on the completion of Allah's blessing upon him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, through death, and his transfer to the Holy Presence ³⁴⁵ in the highest ranks. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who fulfilled the right of his Lord in both states of poverty and wealth, the most excellent of those who knew what befits his praise and commendation, concerning whom the news of his death, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, causes tears to flow from eyelids, cuts the hearts of the people of love and gnosis ³⁴⁶, brings calamities and stirs up sorrows, and ignites the fires of ecstasy ³⁴⁷ in the livers of the people of faith. Since death is naturally disliked, he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did not die until he had chosen, like the prophets. The first thing by which he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was informed of the end of his life and the approach of his term was the revelation of the surah ³⁴⁸: "When the help of Allah comes" ³⁴⁹. O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of the radiant countenance, the best of those who called to Allah secretly and openly, concerning whom it is narrated from Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, that he said: "When 'When the help of Allah and the conquest' ³⁵⁰ was revealed, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, called our lady Fatimah, his daughter, and said to her: 'My death has been announced to me.' So she wept. Then he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to her (166): 'Do not weep, for you will be the first of my family to join me.' So at that, al-Zahra' ³⁵¹ laughed." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of noble and pure character, the pure soul that is victorious over the armies of Satan, concerning whom it is narrated from Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, that he said: "When 'When the help of Allah and the conquest' was revealed, the death of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was announced to him, so he exerted himself more strenuously than ever before in matters of the Hereafter." O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those sent as a prophet and messenger to all of creation, the most excellent of those sought in hardships and implored, concerning whom it is narrated from Jabir ibn 'Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, that he said: "When this surah was revealed, he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to Jibril ³⁵², peace be upon him: 'My death has been announced to me.' So Jibril, peace be upon him, said to him: 'And the Hereafter, O Muhammad, is better for you than the first [life].'" O Allah, bless, grant peace, and bestow grace upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the most honorable of creatures to the Forgiving King, the most excellent of those who vanquished the enemies of religion from the hypocrites and disbelievers, concerning whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to review the Qur'an with Jibril once every year, but in the year of his death he reviewed it twice. He used to observe i'tikaf ³⁵³ during the last ten days of Ramadan every year, and in that year he observed i'tikaf (167) for twenty days, and he increased his remembrance ³⁵⁴ and seeking forgiveness ³⁵⁵.

the best of those whose rewards and recompenses are great, and the most excellent intimate ³⁵⁶ upon whom You perfected the blessing of seeing You and completed his joy and happiness. It is narrated from Umm Salamah ³⁵⁷, may Allah be pleased with them both, that she said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the last of his affairs would not stand, sit, go, or come except that he would say: 'Glory be to Allah and praise be to Him, I seek forgiveness from Allah and repent to Him.' So I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, you are supplicating with a supplication that you did not use before today.' He, peace be upon him, said: 'Indeed, my Lord informed me that I will see a learned one ³⁵⁸ in my community, and when I see him, I am to glorify Him with praise and seek His forgiveness.' Then he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, recited this surah ³⁵⁹. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the possessor of the highest station and the loftiest degree, and the best of those for whom You made dignity and awe the greatest adornment and ornament. It is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, prayed over the slain of Uhud ³⁶⁰ after eight years, like one bidding farewell to the living and the dead. Then he ascended the pulpit and said: 'I am your forerunner ³⁶¹ and I am a witness over you, and your appointed meeting is the Basin ³⁶². Indeed, I look at it from this station of mine. I have been given the keys of the treasures of the earth. I do not fear for you that you will associate partners after me, but I fear for you the world.' (168) O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best prophet who attained in his virtues and excellences intellect and thought, and the most excellent messenger whom Allah protected from the people of transgression and deceit. It is narrated from Abu Sa'id al-Khudri ³⁶³ that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sat on the pulpit five nights before his death and said: 'Indeed, a servant was given a choice by Allah between being given whatever he wishes of the bloom of this world and what is with Him, and he chose what is with Him.' So Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him, wept and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, may we ransom you with our fathers and mothers.' Abu Sa'id said: We were amazed at his weeping, and the people said: 'Look at this old man; the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, tells about a servant whom Allah gave a choice between being given whatever he wishes of the bloom of this world and what is with Him, and he says, "May we ransom you with our fathers and mothers."' He said: So the Messenger of Allah was the one given the choice, and Abu Bakr was the most knowledgeable of us about him. Then the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'Indeed, the most trustworthy of people to me in his companionship and wealth is Abu Bakr. If I were to take an intimate friend ³⁶⁴, I would take Abu Bakr as an intimate friend, but rather brotherhood in Islam. Let no door remain in the mosque except the door of Abu Bakr.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whose description and attribute You informed in the previous scriptures, and the most excellent of those whom Satan and his evil played with. It is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when he delivered the sermon during the Farewell Pilgrimage ³⁶⁵, said to the people: 'Take your rites from me (169), for perhaps I will not meet you after this year.' And he began bidding farewell to the people, so they said: 'This is the Farewell Pilgrimage.' When he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, returned from his pilgrimage to Medina, he gathered the people at a watering place called Khumm ³⁶⁶ on his way between Mecca and Medina, and he addressed them and said: 'O people, I am only a human like you. It is likely that the messenger of my Lord will come to me and I will respond.' Then he urged adherence to the Book of Allah and enjoined good treatment of his household. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom You supported and aided against the hostile, the denier, and the disbeliever, and the most excellent of those who pardoned the offender, forgave, and overlooked. It is narrated that the beginning of his illness, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was in the house of Lady Maymunah ³⁶⁷, and its duration was thirteen days, and that was at the end of the month of Safar. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those through whose blessing difficult matters become easy, and the most excellent of those who defended the religion and suppressed the people of transgression and immorality. It is narrated from 'A'ishah ³⁶⁸, may Allah be pleased with her, that she said: When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, became heavy [with illness] and his pain intensified, he asked his wives for permission to be nursed in my house, and they permitted him. So he came out, walking between al-'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib ³⁶⁹ and another man, his feet dragging on the ground. I have never seen anyone suffer pain more severely than the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He had a velvet cloak on him, and the fever would affect whoever placed his hand on him (170) from above it. He was asked about that, and he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'Indeed, we are such that trial is intensified for us and reward is multiplied for us.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of creation, and the one who would pardon, forgive, and not repay evil with evil. It is narrated from Ibn Mas'ud ³⁷⁰ that he said: I entered upon the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while he was suffering from a severe fever. I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, you are suffering from a severe fever.' He said: 'Yes, I am afflicted with fever as much as two men among you.' I said: 'That is because you have two rewards.' He said: 'Yes, that is so. No Muslim is afflicted with harm, a thorn or more, except that Allah expiates his sins thereby, just as a tree sheds its leaves, until he walks on the earth with no sin upon him.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the most excellent of all creatures and the most beautiful, and the best of those who devoted themselves to Allah, Mighty and Majestic, and detached themselves. It is narrated from Fatimah bint al-Yaman ³⁷¹ that she said: I came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with some women to visit him, and there was a waterskin dripping on him due to the intensity of the fever. He said: 'The people most severely tested are the prophets, then the righteous, then the next best, and then the next best.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, through whose blessing worry and grief depart, and the best beloved for whom we ransom with soul, wealth (171), father, and mother. It is narrated from 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: 'I still feel the pain of the food I ate at Khaybar ³⁷², and now is the time I feel my aorta ³⁷³ being severed from that poison.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your prophet distinguished with high rank, and Your beloved obedient to Your command and hearing,

It is narrated that during his final illness from which he passed away, the Prophet ﷺ had seven dinars ³⁷⁴ with him. He would command them to give charity with them, then he would fall unconscious, and they would become occupied with his pain. He called for them, placed them in his palm, and said: 'What would Muhammad think of his Lord if he met Allah while having these?' Then he gave all of them in charity. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the ascetic worshiper, the best among obligations, sunnas ³⁷⁵, and rites. It is narrated from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) that she said: 'When the Prophet ﷺ fell ill, Fatima came walking as if her gait was his gait. He said to her: "Welcome, my daughter." Then he seated her on his right, then whispered something to her, and she wept. Then he whispered something to her, and she laughed.' I said: 'I have never seen joy so close to sorrow as today.' I asked her about what he said, and she replied: 'I would never disclose the secret of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until he passed away.' (172) Then I asked her, and she said: 'He confided to me that Gabriel used to review the Quran with me once every year, but this year he reviewed it twice, and I do not see this except that my term has come, and you will be the first of my family to join me.' So I wept. Then he said: 'Are you not pleased to be the mistress of the women of Paradise?' So I laughed at that.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the intercessor of creation and the most virtuous by consensus, and by the blessing of sending blessings upon him, ailments and pains are cured. It is narrated from Ibn Abbas that he said: 'The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was present, and in the house there were men. He said: "Come, let me write for you a document after which you will never go astray." Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ is overcome with pain, and you have the Quran; the Book of Allah is sufficient for us." The people of the house differed and disputed. When they increased in idle talk and disagreement, the Prophet ﷺ said to them: "Leave me, for no dispute should occur in the presence of a prophet."' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, pure of breath, and by the blessing of sending blessings upon him, poverty and bankruptcy disappear. It is narrated that when his pain intensified, he said: 'Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer.' Aisha said to him: 'O Messenger of Allah, Abu Bakr is a tender-hearted man; when he stands in your place, he will not make the people hear due to weeping.' He said: 'Tell (173) Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer.' She repeated her statement, and he said: 'You are like the companions of Joseph. Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the remover of distress, and the one whose followers Allah made the best of nations, and whose community is the best of nations. It is narrated that when his pain increased, and the Ansar ³⁷⁶ learned of it, they gathered around the mosque. Al-Abbas entered and informed him of their concern. He came out leaning on Ali, with al-Fadl and al-Abbas in front of him, his head bandaged, dragging his feet until he sat on the lowest step of the pulpit. The people rose to him. He praised Allah and extolled Him, and said: 'O people, I have heard that you fear the death of your Prophet. Did any prophet before me remain immortal among those to whom I was sent, so that I would remain immortal among you? Indeed, I am going to my Lord, and indeed you will join me. I advise you to treat the early Muhajirun ³⁷⁷ well, and I advise the Muhajirun concerning themselves, for Allah Almighty said: "By the declining day, indeed mankind is in loss, except those who..." ³⁷⁸ And indeed, affairs proceed by Allah's permission. Do not let the slowness of a matter lead you to hasten it, for Allah Almighty does not hasten due to anyone's haste. Whoever contends with Allah, Allah overcomes him; whoever deceives Allah, Allah deceives him. "Then, if you turn away, would you perhaps cause corruption in the land and sever your family ties?" ³⁷⁹ And I advise you to treat the Ansar well, for they are those who settled in the abode and in faith before you. Should you not do good to them? Did they not share their fruits with you? Did they not prefer you in their homes? Did they not prefer you over themselves even though they were in need? (174) Indeed, whoever is entrusted to judge between two people, let him accept from their good and overlook their wrong. Indeed, do not...' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of prayer and fasting, and the one by whose abundant blessings the believer meets him in wakefulness and sleep. It is narrated that at the time of his death he said: 'O Allah, You take the soul from between the windpipe and the fingers and the windpipe, so help me with it and make it easy for me.' He had a cup of water, and he would dip his hand in the cup and then wipe his face with the water, saying: 'O Allah, help me with the agonies of death and what overwhelms of distress.' Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her) said: 'Oh, the distress of my father!' He said to her: 'There is no distress for your father after today.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad (176), the choicest of Your chosen ones, and the one whose noble face's light surpasses the light of the full moon in the darkest night. It is narrated that when three days remained of his term, Gabriel descended upon him and said: 'O Muhammad, Allah has sent me to you as an honor, preference, and special favor, asking you about what He knows better than you: How do you find yourself?' The Prophet ﷺ said: 'I am in pain, O Gabriel, I am in pain.' Then he came to him on the second day and said the same. On the third day, Gabriel descended, followed by the Angel of Death, and they were followed by another angel named Isma'il, who had never ascended to heaven nor descended to earth. He is called Isma'il, entrusted over seventy thousand angels, each angel over seventy thousand angels. Gabriel preceded them and said the same.' O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of Your prophets and the imam ³⁸⁰ of Your saints, and the one whom You distinguished with knowledge of Your attributes and the meanings of Your names. It is narrated that the Angel of Death came to him seeking permission to enter, while Gabriel was with him. He said: 'O Muhammad, this is the Angel of Death seeking permission to enter you, and he has never sought permission from anyone before you.' The Prophet ﷺ said: 'Permit him.' So he entered and said: 'Peace be upon you, O Muhammad. Allah has sent me to you, commanding me to obey you in whatever you command me. If you command me to take your soul, I will take it; if you command me to leave it, I will leave it.' The Prophet ﷺ said: 'Will you do that, O Angel of Death?' He said: 'Yes, I have been commanded to obey you.' Gabriel said: 'O Muhammad, indeed Allah longs to meet you.' The Prophet ﷺ said: 'O Angel of Death, do what you have been commanded.' So he took his soul, peace be upon him.

Upon no Adamite before you, and he does not seek permission to enter upon any Adamite after you. He said: Permit him. So the Angel of Death entered and said: Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Indeed, your Lord sends you greetings of peace, and He has sent me to you and commanded me to obey you in whatever you command me. If you command me to take your soul, I will take it; and if you command me to leave it, I will leave it. He, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: Proceed, O Angel of Death, to what you have been commanded. That was after Gabriel had said to him: O Muhammad, indeed Allah has longed to meet you. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, possessor of the manifest light and the most sublime secret, and the best of those who fasted and prayed obligatory and supererogatory for You, concerning whom it is narrated from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and I listened to him before his death, while he was leaning on his back, saying: O Allah, forgive me and have mercy on me, and join me with the Highest Companion ³⁸¹. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whose radiant face was like the moon and more beautiful than the sun in brilliance and luster, and whom Allah made kind, merciful, and compassionate to the believers, concerning whom it is narrated from Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while he was healthy, used to say: No prophet is ever taken until he sees his seat in Paradise, then he is given life and choice. When he fell ill and death approached, and his head was on my thigh, he became unconscious. When he regained consciousness, he fixed his gaze towards the ceiling of the house, then said: O Allah, with the Highest Companion, with those whom Allah has blessed from among the prophets, the truthful, the martyrs, and the righteous, and excellent are those as companions. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, possessor of the tranquil and chaste soul and the pure and lofty morals, concerning whom it is narrated from Anas that the last words spoken by the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, were: The majesty of my Lord, the Most High. And Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said: Before him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, there was a vessel or a small leather container with water. He would dip his hands in the water and wipe his face with them, saying: There is no god but Allah; indeed, death has agonies. Then he raised his hand and began to say: With the Highest Companion, until he, peace be upon him, was taken, and his noble hand fell. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who fulfilled the duty of gratitude and praise to You, and the most excellent of those who fulfilled Your trust and covenant, concerning whom it is narrated that when the Angel of Death came to him and confirmed the taking of his sacred soul, Gabriel said to him: O Muhammad, this is my last station on earth; my need from the world was only you, and this is my last covenant with the world after you. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of the people of Islam, whose station was raised on the Night of Ascension until he appeared at a level where the scratching of pens could be heard, concerning whom it is narrated that when his sacred soul was taken, and the people of condolence came, they heard a voice from the side of the house saying: Peace be upon you, O people of the house, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Every soul shall taste death, and you will only be paid your wages in full on the Day of Resurrection. Indeed, in Allah there is consolation for every calamity, a replacement for every loss, and a compensation for every missed thing. So put your trust in Allah and hope in Him, for the truly afflicted is the one who is deprived of reward. Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said: Do you know who this is? This is al-Khidr ³⁸², peace be upon him. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the intimate friend of the Most Merciful, the rising of auspiciousness and blessing through whom place and time were blessed, concerning whom it is narrated that when he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed away, minds were bewildered. Among the people, some became insane, some sat down unable to stand, some became mute unable to speak, and some fell severely ill. Umar was among those who became insane, and among those who became mute was our master Uthman, who would go back and forth unable to speak. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of kings and dominions, upon whom Ridwan ³⁸³, the keeper of Paradise, and Malik ³⁸⁴ greeted on the Night of Ascension, concerning whom it is narrated that when he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed away and minds were bewildered, Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, was among those who sat down unable to move. Abdullah ibn Unays fell ill and died of grief. The most steadfast of them was Abu Bakr; he came with his eyes overflowing, his sighs recurring, and his sobs rising. He entered upon him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, bent over him, uncovered his face, and said: May my father and mother be sacrificed for you, O Messenger of Allah; you are good alive and dead. With your death, what was not cut off by the death of any prophet before you has been cut off. The calamity is too great to be described and too sublime for tears. If your death had been a matter of choice, we would have ransomed your death with our souls. Remember us, O Muhammad, before your Lord. But who will [console us]? O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the Seal of the Messengers, and the best of those who stand for the truth, concerning whom it is narrated that when he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed away, they doubted his death. Some said he had died, and some said he had not. Asma, the wife of al-Siddiq ³⁸⁵, placed her hand between his shoulders and said: He has indeed passed away, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the seal [of prophethood] has been raised. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the guide of the perplexed, and the model of the grateful and the patient, concerning whom it is narrated that when he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed away, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq was absent with his wife Habiba bint Kharija. Umar was standing saying: By Allah, the Messenger of Allah has not died. Then Abu Bakr came, uncovered his face, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, kissed him, and said: May my father and mother be sacrificed for you; you are good alive and dead. By Him in Whose hand is my soul, Allah will never make you taste death twice. Then he went out and said: O swearer, take it easy. When Abu Bakr spoke, Umar sat down. Abu Bakr praised Allah and extolled Him and said: Whoever worshipped Muhammad, indeed Muhammad has died; and whoever worshipped Allah, indeed Allah is alive and does not die.

The Living One who never dies. Then he recited: "And Muhammad is no more than a messenger; messengers have passed away before him. If then he dies or is killed, will you turn back on your heels? And whoever turns back on his heels will not harm Allah in the least, and Allah will reward the grateful." ³⁸⁶ O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the sun of guidance, the moon of the people of spiritual knowledge and sainthood ³⁸⁷, about whom it is narrated from Salim ibn Ubayd al-Ashja'i: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, the most distressed of all people was Umar. He took hold of the hilt of his sword and said, "I will not hear anyone say that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has died without striking him with this sword." The people said, "O Salim, go find the companion of the Messenger of Allah," meaning Abu Bakr. So I went out to the mosque, and there was Abu Bakr. When I saw him, I burst into tears. He said, "O Salim, has the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) died?" I said, "This is Umar ibn al-Khattab saying, 'I will not hear anyone say that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has died without striking him with this sword.'" So Abu Bakr went until he entered upon the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), who was covered with a cloth. He lifted the cloak from his face, placed his mouth on his mouth, inhaled the scent, then covered him again, turned to us, and said: "And Muhammad is no more than a messenger; messengers have passed away before him." And he said: "Indeed, you are to die, and indeed, they are to die." ³⁸⁷ O people, whoever worshipped Muhammad, then Muhammad has died; and whoever worshipped Allah, then Allah is the Living One who never dies." Our master Umar said, "By Allah, it was as if I had never recited this verse." (182) O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the most beautiful of creation, so that no one resembles his perfection and stature; and whoever Allah magnifies his virtue, no one can encompass or count it. It is narrated that when he (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, Fatima al-Zahra (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "O father, he answered his Lord who called him; O father, from the Garden of Firdaws ³⁸⁸ is his abode; O father, to whom shall we announce your death to Gabriel? O father, how near he is to his Lord!" She lived after him (peace and blessings be upon him) for six months, and never laughed during that time, and that was only right for her in that period. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom the followers follow in guidance, the most generous of horses from whom creation hopes for his kindness and generosity. It is narrated from our master Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: When he (peace and blessings be upon him) was taken, the Angel of Death ascended to heaven weeping, and by Him who sent him as a prophet with the truth, I heard a voice from heaven calling, "O Muhammad!" O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the life of my soul and the ultimate object of my desire; and from the blessings upon him is the treasure of my expenditure and my choice. There is no calamity equal to our calamity with him (peace and blessings be upon him). He said (183) during his illness in which he died: "O people, if any believer is afflicted with a calamity, let him seek consolation in his calamity with me from the calamity that befalls him, for no one of my community will be afflicted with a calamity after me more severe than my calamity." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad, and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the imam of the worlds, the model of those who fast and those who stand in prayer. His calamity (peace and blessings be upon him) made all calamities light; how could it not, when even inanimate objects nearly split apart from the pain of his departure (peace be upon him)? So how about the hearts of the believers? * Indeed, this world is a place of tribulation, and it is not truly a house of comfort for us. * The life of a youth in it is like the confused dreams of a sleeper, and its adornment, by Allah, is not adornment. * People are nothing but heedless, and their joy in it is a mirage in a desert. * At times a person is comfortable in it, and at times you see him in affliction and trial. * As long as he is in it, he is truly troubled, and its joys come to him rarely. * Its embellishments, by Allah, are amusement and falsehood, and its days run like the running of a ship. * If it makes you laugh, it will make you weep; and if it comes to you, it will soon turn its back on you quickly. * It is nothing but worry, grief, and harm; so blessed is the one who is content with a simple livelihood from it, * And turns away from it, cutting off ties with it, and does not live in it like the life of a beast. Realize truly the final destination, and indeed he will leave it; it is not an abode of permanence. Its calamities are diverse, and nothing is like that which befell us from the loss of the best of creation (184). A noble messenger, a Hashimite, glorified; indeed, the Lord distinguished him with the highest rank. He guided us by him after misguidance and blindness, and directed us after the spread of error. His character was magnified by the Book, and his attributes came in ancient scriptures. Indeed, the Merciful magnified the status of Muhammad over every person of status among the people of prophethood. And He sent him after the prophets as a seal, a bearer of good tidings, a warner, successful in intercession. And on the night of the Ascension ³⁸⁹, He showed his virtue and advanced him as imam of the messengers. No woman has ever given birth to the like of Muhammad, nor has he ever passed, absolutely, on the surface of the earth. He is eager for us, striving for our salvation, kind to us, possessing the greatest mercy. Who is there who has bestowed kindness like his upon us, in this world and at the resurrection calling out to his community? And who is there who can thank him for his deed, except the one through whom he came to us with a mission? At his loss, let whoever weeps weep, for no calamity equals this calamity. At his loss, all existence wept, likewise the Throne and the Footstool ³⁹⁰ lamented in sorrow. And Gabriel ascended to the heavens, calling out and bursting with abundant tears. And Fatima al-Zahra called out with her voice: "O father, great is my distress and my calamity!" The pillars shook on the day of his death, and the sun of the forenoon was eclipsed in darkness. There was not a house in all of Medina that you did not see, my brother, wailing with tears. At his loss, by Allah, patience is not possible, nor is patience hoped for at the loss of loved ones. Be consoled, my brother, and remember the calamity of Muhammad when time afflicts you one day with a trial. Alas! Hearts have been torn apart over him, and the minds of the Companions have been bewildered. O my eyes, pour forth tears and rain blood, lest you be stingy with a tear (185). O my eyes, pour forth tears for him, for whom I would ransom my father, my son, my mother, and my brother. O my eyes, pour forth tears for him, through whom my worth, my status, and my rank have been elevated. O my eyes, pour forth tears for him, through whom my value among the lovers has been magnified. O my eyes, pour forth tears for him, through whose service I have attained the highest privilege. O my eyes, pour forth tears for him, for he did not die, but his Lord protected him from the life of hardship to the life of bliss.

And His closeness, His choice, and His selection ❖ from the suffering of what perishes to the best of the Divine Presence ³⁹¹. The gardens were truly adorned for his spirit ❖ and its houris ³⁹² and youths ³⁹³ received him therein. And fragrant breezes were diffused therein ❖ and perfumed all the regions with a breath. Peace be upon his grave, the embodiment of contentment ❖ peace upon the grave that contained him in Tayyiba ³⁹⁴. O my master, Messenger of Allah, your rank has soared ❖ and your virtue cannot be enumerated by scribes. O my master, Messenger of Allah, you are noble ❖ and you have surpassed the people of lordship. O my master, Messenger of Allah, I am a lover ❖ by your right, quench the fire of my longing and passion. O my master, Messenger of Allah, I am a generous master ❖ so grant me, from you, a vision. O my master, Messenger of Allah, I am a sinner ❖ by your right, pray to Allah to forgive my slip. O my master, Messenger of Allah, I am ignorant ❖ by your rank, I hope Allah will remove my heedlessness. O my master, Messenger of Allah, I have the disease of ignorance ❖ by your rank, replace the disease of my ignorance with wisdom. O my master, Messenger of Allah, I am bankrupt ❖ poor, and from you is generosity, the most complete nature. Upon you be the blessings of Allah, O sun of Hashim ❖ and moon of Quraysh in the darkest nights. Upon you be the blessings of Allah, then His peace ❖ and upon your family and companions, with every wife. To you, O Messenger of Allah, I have called, so listen ❖ to my praise and say: I have accepted, O father of six ³⁹⁵. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of every beloved and friend, and the best of those who rode the she-camel and the swift mount, about whom it is narrated that when he was taken (peace be upon him), the gardens were adorned for the arrival of his holy spirit, and Bilal used to call the adhan ³⁹⁶ before his burial (peace be upon him), and when he said, "I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah," the mosque shook with weeping and wailing. O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the noble in character and morals, the pure in elements and lineage, about whom it is narrated that our master Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), when he was certain of his death (peace be upon him), said while weeping: "May my father and mother be sacrificed for you, O Messenger of Allah. You had a palm trunk upon which you addressed the people, and when they increased and you took a pulpit to make them hear, the trunk yearned for your separation until you placed your hand on it and it calmed. So your community is more deserving of yearning for you at the time of separation." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of beloved ones for whom one sacrifices wealth, family, and soul, and the most excellent of friends for whom the lover weeps day and night and laments, who, when he passed away, our master Umar said while weeping: "May my father and mother be sacrificed for you, O Messenger of Allah. Your virtue with your Lord reached such a degree that He made obedience to you obedience to Him, saying: 'Whoever obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allah' ³⁹⁷. And among your virtues with Him is that He sent you as the last of the prophets and mentioned you among the first of them, saying: 'And when We took from the prophets their covenant, and from you, and from Noah' ³⁹⁸." O Allah, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who knew and taught, and the most excellent of those who spoke with wisdom and uttered, about whom it is narrated from Abu Dhu'ayb al-Hudhali that he said: "It reached us that the Prophet (peace be upon him) was ill, so the people of the quarter felt fear for him (peace be upon him). I spent a long night until, near dawn, I slept, and a caller called out to me in my dream saying: * A matter more serious has alighted upon Islam * Between the palm trees and the seat of the young men * The Prophet Muhammad has been taken, and our eyes * Shed tears upon him in torrents. So I jumped up from my sleep in fright, and looked at the sky, and saw only Sa'd al-Dhabih ³⁹⁹, so I knew that he (peace be upon him) had been taken. I came to Medina, and its people were in a clamor like the clamor of pilgrims when they enter ihram ⁴⁰⁰. I said, 'What is the matter?' It was said to me, 'The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) has been taken.' And our lady Safiyya, his aunt (peace be upon her), eulogized him: * O Messenger of Allah, you were our hope * And you were kind to us, not harsh * And you were merciful, a guide, and a teacher * Let those who weep weep for you today * By your life, I do not weep for the Prophet for his loss * But I fear the days of separation * As if upon my heart, at the mention of Muhammad * And what I fear after the Prophet, are calamities. O Fatima, may Allah, the Lord of Muhammad, bless ❖ a grave that has come to rest in Yathrib ⁴⁰¹. May my mother and maternal aunt be sacrificed for the Messenger of Allah ❖ and my paternal uncle and maternal uncle, then my soul and my wealth. If the Lord of mankind had kept our Prophet ❖ we would have been happy, but His command was destined. Upon you be the peace of Allah as a greeting ❖ and may you be admitted to gardens of Eden, content. I see Hasan ⁴⁰², you have orphaned him and left him ❖ weeping and calling his grandfather today, estranged. And Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith eulogized him (peace be upon him) with his words: I stayed awake and spent my night without sleep ❖ and the night of the afflicted is long. And weeping helped me, and that is little ❖ compared to what the Muslims have suffered. Great and immense is our calamity ❖ on the evening when it was said: The Messenger has been taken. And our land, due to what has befallen it ❖ almost tilts with us from its sides. We have lost revelation and the sending down among us ❖ which Jibril ⁴⁰³ brought evening and morning. And that is the most deserving one for whom the souls of people ❖ flow, or almost flow. A Prophet who dispelled doubt from us ❖ with what was revealed to him and what he said. And he guided us, so we fear no misguidance ❖ as long as the Messenger is our guide. O Fatima, if you are distressed, that is an excuse ❖ and if you are not distressed, that is the way. For your father's grave is the master of every grave ❖ and in it is the master of mankind, the Messenger. And our master al-Siddiq ⁴⁰⁴ eulogized him (peace be upon him) with his words: When I saw our Prophet fallen ❖ the houses became narrow for me despite their breadth. My heart was terrified at that for his destruction ❖ and my bones, as long as I live, are broken. O 'Atiq ⁴⁰⁵, woe to you, your love has perished ❖ so patience without you is difficult. Would that before the death of my companion ❖ I had been buried in a grave on rocks. Surely there will occur after him wondrous things ❖ that will make hearts and breasts sing. And he also eulogized him (may Allah be pleased with him) with his words:

We bid farewell to revelation when you turned away from us, so we bid farewell to the speech of God. Except what you left as a pledge for us, contained in the noble leaves ⁴⁰⁶. And he was eulogized by our master Hassan, may God bless him and grant him peace, with his words: In Taybah ⁴⁰⁷ there is a trace of the Messenger and a sanctuary, clear, though traces may fade and become obliterated. The signs are not erased from the house of his sanctuary; in it is the pulpit of the Guide ⁴⁰⁸ which he used to ascend. And clear landmarks and remaining monuments, and a raised place for prayer and a mosque. In it are chambers where he used to descend, a light from God by which one is illuminated and kindled. Landmarks that time has not obliterated; decay came to them, yet the signs are renewed. I recognized by them the trace of the Messenger and his covenant, and a grave in which the earth has buried a tomb. Over the shade of the grave in which is Ahmad ⁴⁰⁹, the eye prolonged its standing, shedding tears. So blessed are you, O grave of the Messenger, and blessed are the lands where you see the rightly guided one. And blessed is a tomb from you that contains a goodly one, upon it a structure of arranged sheets. The earth poured over him from hands and eyes that wept, while stars set in grief. They buried, know well, forbearance and mercy, on the evening they covered him with earth, not pillowed. And they departed in sorrow, without their Prophet among them, their backs and arms weakened. He whose death the heavens weep, and whom the earth weeps, while people are more sorrowful. Has the calamity of any perished one ever been equal? And what is the calamity of a day in which Muhammad died? (190) And our master Hassan, may God be pleased with him, also eulogized him with these two verses: You were the blackness ⁴¹⁰ of my sight, so the sight has become blind to you. Whoever wishes after him, let him die, for I was cautious for you. O God, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the sons of Abd Manaf, and the best of those who stood for justice and equity, about whom it is narrated that he, may God bless him and grant him peace, was buried on the night of Wednesday, after his death occurred at the time of his entering Medina during his emigration, when the forenoon was intense on Monday, without dispute. O God, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, who is eager for the guidance of the community, and the best of prophets from his Lord, distinguished with every virtue, about whom it is narrated that after his death, may God bless him and grant him peace, a wondrous thing occurred: when they wanted to wash him, they said: We do not know whether we should strip him, may God bless him and grant him peace, of his clothes as we strip our dead, or wash him with his clothes on? While they were disputing, God cast sleep upon them until every man had his chin on his chest, then a speaker from the side of the house, whom they did not know, spoke to them: Wash the Prophet with his clothes on. So they washed him with his clothes on, pouring water and rubbing him through the shirt. (191) O God, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those to whom the sinner flees for refuge, and whose aim and desire was God Almighty, about whom it is narrated that he, may God bless him and grant him peace, was washed three times: first with pure water, second with water and lotus leaves ⁴¹¹, and third with water and camphor. Ali washed him, while al-Abbas and his son al-Fadl assisted, and Qutham, Usama, and Shuqran poured water, their eyes bandaged from behind the curtain, because of his saying, may God bless him and grant him peace, to Ali: None shall wash me but you, for no one sees my nakedness except that his eyes are blinded. O God, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the leader of every good and its imam, and through whom the banners of Your upright religion and its signs were made victorious, about whom it is narrated from Ali, may God be pleased with him, who said: I washed him, may God bless him and grant him peace, and I went to look at what happens to the dead, but I saw nothing; he was fragrant alive and dead, and a pleasant scent emanated from him such as they had never found. They perfumed his joints and limbs, and performed ablution for him on his forearms, face, hands, and feet, and fumigated him with aloeswood and ambergris, and shrouded him, may God bless him and grant him peace, in three white cotton garments, without a shirt or turban. (192) O God, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the intimate friend of the One, the Unique, and the best of those who obeyed his Lord secretly and openly, and bowed and prostrated, about whom it is narrated that when the people finished preparing him, may God bless him and grant him peace, on Tuesday, they placed him on his bier in his house, then the people entered upon him in groups to pray over him. When they finished, the women entered, and when they finished, the children entered, and no one led the people in prayer over him, may God bless him and grant him peace. O God, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the intercessor of creatures on the day when feet slip, and through whom God humiliated disbelief and honored Islam, about whom it is narrated that the first to pray over him, may God bless him and grant him peace, were the angels in ranks, then his family. When they wanted to pray over him, the people did not know what to say, so they asked Ali about that, and he said to them: Say: 'Indeed, God and His angels bless the Prophet. O you who have believed, bless him and grant him peace with a [proper] greeting.' ⁴¹² At Your service, O God, my Lord, and at Your pleasure. The blessings of God, the Righteous, the Merciful, and of the angels brought near, and of the prophets, the truthful, the martyrs, and the righteous, and of everything that glorifies You, O Lord of the worlds, upon our master Muhammad ibn Abdullah, the seal of the prophets, the master of the messengers, the imam of the pious, and the messenger of the Lord of the worlds, the witness, the bringer of good news, the one who calls to You by Your permission (193) the illuminating lamp, and peace be upon him. O God, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, of great ranks, and the best of those for whom You made easy the goals and objectives, about whom it is narrated that when the people finished praying over him, may God bless him and grant him peace, they said: Where shall we bury him? Abu Bakr said: I heard him, may God bless him and grant him peace, say: No prophet dies except that he is buried where his soul is taken. And our master Ali ibn Abi Talib also heard him say that. O God, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, for whom You made piety the best garment, and the best messenger through whom You removed from his community all harm and hardship, about whom it is narrated that Abu Talha dug for him, may God bless him and grant him peace, and made a niche grave ⁴¹³ in the place of his bed where he died. His uncle al-Abbas, Ali, Qutham, and al-Fadl entered him into the grave, peace be upon him, and the last person to see him, may God bless him and grant him peace, was our master Qutham ibn al-Abbas. O God, bless and grant peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the living and the dead, and the one for whose death the inhabitants of the earths and heavens wept, about whom it is narrated that when he, may God bless him and grant him peace, was buried, Fatima al-Zahra, may God be pleased with her, came and said: How

May your souls be purified ⁴¹⁴ (194) that you would throw dust upon the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace! Then she took some of the dust of the noble grave and placed it upon her eyes, and recited, may Allah be pleased with her, these verses: What harm is there for one who smells the dust of Ahmad ⁴¹⁵ * That he should never smell the sweetest perfumes of time? Calamities have been poured upon me, such that if they * Were poured upon the days, they would turn into nights. And she said, may Allah be pleased with her: The horizons of the sky have become dusty and the sun of the day has been folded up ⁴¹⁶, and the two epochs ⁴¹⁷ have become dark. The earth after the Prophet is sorrowful * In grief for him, trembling greatly. Let the east of the lands and its west weep for him * Let Mudar ⁴¹⁸ and every Yemeni weep for him. O Allah, send blessings and peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, whom no one can match in his beauty and perfection, and who surpassed the people of special distinction ⁴¹⁹ in his knowledge and perfection, upon whom it is obligatory for the believer that his grief over his separation, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in this world be greater than his grief over the separation of his parents, just as it is obligatory for him that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, be more beloved to him than himself, his family, and his wealth. O my eye, may life not be pleasant for me * So pour forth tears in weeping for Muhammad. And wail, O my eyelid, and weep blood * For what has passed of the vision of Muhammad. A Hashimite ⁴²⁰ prophet, possessor of high rank * And possessor of virtue and dignity, Muhammad. He was sent to reduce ⁴²¹ by virtue * And all of creation, the best of them is Muhammad (195). The Imam ⁴²² of the messengers and the angels, truly * The intercessor of the sinners tomorrow ⁴²³, Muhammad. The earth weeps for him, and the heaven * And all beings weep for you, O Muhammad. And Jibril ⁴²⁴, the Trustworthy, tomorrow will be sorrowful * Grieving from your separation, O Muhammad. Likewise, az-Zahra' ⁴²⁵ called out from her depths * And from the excess of love, "O Muhammad!" Indeed, the minds of all the Companions have become bewildered * So who can bear your separation, O Muhammad? For you are the spirit of Islam truly * So how can patience be beautiful, O Muhammad? O my regret and O my grief, how * Can life be pleasant after you, O Muhammad? If ransom were possible, I would ransom you with myself * And my wealth and my wife, O Muhammad. The peace of Allah and all the angels * Be upon a grave that contains you, O Muhammad. And blessedness ⁴²⁶, then blessedness, then blessedness * For those who have attained your love, O Muhammad. If a person of status takes pride in status * My pride is in your status, O Muhammad. And if a wealthy person is deceived by wealth * My treasure is none other than you, O Muhammad. My brother, if you desire what you wish quickly * Then increase in sending blessings upon Muhammad. When you are alone in seclusion * My delight is in your sending blessings, O Muhammad. For whoever this does not suffice as a companion * May your Lord not suffice him, O Muhammad. Upon you be Allah's blessings at every moment * And upon your family and the Companions, O Muhammad. O Allah, send blessings and peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the bridegroom of joys ⁴²⁷, the treasure of happiness and profits, about whom it is narrated that his noble grave, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was raised from the ground by about a handspan ⁴²⁸ (196), hump-shaped, and after burial Bilal ibn Rabah ⁴²⁹ sprinkled it with water. O Allah, send blessings and peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the Imam of the people of knowledge and divine gnosis ⁴³⁰, and the suppressor of the factions of the people of disbelief who cause unrest, about whom it is narrated from al-Qasim ibn Muhammad ⁴³¹ who said: I entered upon 'A'isha ⁴³² and said to her, "Mother, uncover for me the grave of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace." So she uncovered for me three graves, neither raised nor level with the ground, spread out on the level ground of the courtyard ⁴³³. I saw the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, placed in front, and Abu Bakr ⁴³⁴ with his head between his shoulders, peace be upon him, and 'Umar ⁴³⁵ with his head at his feet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in this manner. (197) My brother, every virtue in existence is in Tayyiba ⁴³⁶ * Therefore it has been honored, by Allah, above every city. A land in which is the grave of the Prophet and through him * In it Hashim ⁴³⁷ became leaders of every tribe. A land in which is the grave of the Messenger and for him * On the day of terrors is the highest intercession. A land in which is the grave of the Beloved, Muhammad * For him, above all creation, is the highest rank. A land in which is the best of all creatures * Like his community, it surpassed every community. A land in which Jibril often descended * Upon him, and how many times he came to him with revelation. A land in which is the grave of as-Siddiq ⁴³⁸ and al-Faruq ⁴³⁹ * How noble are such prophetic Companions! A land that is magnified over all horizons * By the burial of the best of creation in its soil. Over the Throne ⁴⁴⁰, the Footstool ⁴⁴¹, the earth, and the heaven * It has pride; so appreciate the rank of the best of mankind. For him Allah created the entire existence * And were it not for him, you would not have seen this creation. Congratulations to you, O people of Yathrib ⁴⁴², indeed you * Have enjoyed the sight of this Beloved. Who is like you? Glad tidings to you for your Beloved * Through him you have attained, by Allah, the most complete distinction. His blessed garden ⁴⁴³ dispels all worries * So blessed is he who attains a glance therein. It is nothing but a Garden of Eden ⁴⁴⁴ * Containing the best of all who walk on the face of the earth. If it is far from me, I have its image ⁴⁴⁵ * To quench my longing for him and my burning passion. So rub your cheek upon it and weep in humility * Perhaps you will then see him in a visit. And say, "O Messenger of Allah, your servant yearns * For you, so grant him determination for a journey." If my sins are great, you are for me * An intercessor, and far be it that I be returned in disappointment. When the wealthy tighten their saddlebags * You, by the truth of Allah, are the treasure of my provision. Upon you be Allah's blessings, then His peace * Without end, and upon the family, then the Companions. (198) O Allah, send blessings and peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, possessor of the radiant light ⁴⁴⁶, and master of every followed one among Your creation and follower, about whom it is narrated from Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab ⁴⁴⁷ who said: A grave site remains in the eastern chamber ⁴⁴⁸ in which 'Isa ibn Maryam ⁴⁴⁹ will be buried, and his grave will be the fourth. O Allah, send blessings and peace and blessings upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, master of every obedient one and worshiper, possessor of manifest virtue and increasing good, about whom it is narrated, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that he said: "'Isa ibn Maryam will descend to the earth, marry, have children, and remain for forty-five years, then die and be buried with me in my grave. Then I and 'Isa ibn Maryam will rise between Abu Bakr and 'Umar from a single grave."

O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whose rank and station You have raised, the most excellent prophet whose virtue and remembrance You have made renowned, concerning whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "When Allah desires good for a community, He takes His prophet before them, making him a forerunner and predecessor before them; and when He desires the destruction of a community, He punishes them while their prophet is alive, destroying them as he watches, and thus comforts his eyes with their destruction when they denied him and disobeyed his command." A section on visiting his noble grave and his lofty mosque, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. (199) O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those hoped for in needs, and whom You singled out on the Night of Ascension for vision and intimate conversation, who made visiting his noble grave, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, one of the greatest acts of drawing near, the most hopeful of acts of obedience, and a means to attaining the highest ranks. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of prophets, through whose blessing You fulfill my obligations, and through the blessing of invoking blessings upon him my sin and audacity are forgiven, concerning whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever visits me, my intercession becomes incumbent upon him." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those whom the cloud shaded, the most excellent of all who wore the waistcloth and turban, concerning whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever comes to me as a visitor, with no other purpose but my visitation, it is incumbent upon me to be his intercessor on the Day of Resurrection." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, Your prophet, the intercessor for sinners, Your messenger, the triumphant over all believers, concerning whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever has ample means and does not visit me has indeed been harsh to me; and whoever visits me after my death is as if he visited me in my lifetime. (200) And whoever dies in one of the two sanctuaries will be raised among the secure." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of physicians through whom my ailments and harms were treated, the most excellent beloved through whom my sorrows and distresses vanished, concerning whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever visits me, I will be his intercessor and witness; and whoever visits me seeking reward in Medina will be under my protection." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the prophets, the most eager for the guidance of the community, the most excellent of every infallible one who never had any fault or deficiency, concerning whom it is narrated that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: "Whoever visits me after my death and greets me, I will return the greeting tenfold, and ten angels will visit him, all greeting him; and whoever greets me in his home, Allah will return my soul to me so that I may greet him." And he said: "Do not set out on a journey except to three mosques: the Sacred Mosque, this mosque of mine, and the Aqsa Mosque." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those sent with the Hanifiyya ⁴⁵⁰, the possessor of a sound heart and a pure, clean soul, concerning whom it is fitting for whoever visits him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to increase (201) during his journey invoking blessings and peace upon him, repeating that, and asking Allah to benefit him thereby in both abodes; and to perform a ritual bath, wear clean clothes, comb his hair, walk, weep upon seeing the landmarks of the illuminated and noble Medina. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad. May Allah have mercy on the scholar Ibn Rashid: When we saw from the spring of our Beloved * in Yathrib ⁴⁵¹ signs that stirred in us modesty, And with its soil, when we applied it as kohl to our eyelids, * we were healed, so no harm or distress do we fear. And when its beauty appears to the eyes, * and after it, nearness is granted to us, We dismounted from our mounts, walking in honor * of the One who dwells there, that we might join Him with our company. We pour forth torrents of tears in its courtyards * and kiss, out of love, the soil trodden by its inhabitant. And if I were to sacrifice myself for Him, it would be a loss * even if my hand possessed the East and the West. How strange is one who claims to love, * yet remains with the claim and practices falsehood! The slips of one like me are not counted as many, * but distance from the Chosen One is the greatest sin. He lifted the veil for us, so a moon appeared to my sight * before which all imaginations are cut off. And when the rain from us reaches Muhammad, * then their backs are forbidden to men. Our closeness to the best of those who trod the earth * has a sanctity and a covenant upon Him. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the spirit of spirits and the secret of secrets, the best of prophets to whom delegations come from all directions (202) and regions, concerning whom it is fitting for whoever enters his honored city to stand at the door of his noble mosque with awe, reverence, humility, and supplication, then enter it invoking blessings upon him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saying: "O Allah, open for me the doors of Your mercy, high station, and dignity." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of prophets on whose feet the first and last will be gathered, the most excellent messenger for whom the lover traverses every hardship and ease in visiting him, concerning whom it is fitting for whoever enters his venerated mosque to pray two rak'as ⁴⁵² as a greeting to the mosque, then approach the noble grave from the direction of the qibla ⁴⁵³, stand facing his blessed face, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with utmost propriety, and recognize the stature of the one he addresses, and that he, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, hears his greeting and returns it. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and lord Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the most noble prophet whom Allah favored over all His servants, the greatest messenger through whom Allah preserved all his regions and lands, concerning whom it is fitting for whoever visits him and stands at his noble grave to say: "Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings."

Upon you, O Prophet, be the mercy of Allah and His blessings. May Allah reward you, O Messenger of Allah, with the best reward He has ever given a prophet and messenger for his community. And may Allah send blessings upon you whenever those who remember you remember you, and whenever those who are heedless of your remembrance are heedless. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah ²⁰³, and I bear witness that you are His servant, His messenger, His trustee, and His chosen one from among His creation. And I bear witness that you have conveyed the message, fulfilled the trust, advised the community, and striven for Allah with due striving. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of beautiful ones who surpassed the sun and the moon, the most excellent knower whose heart was filled with goodness and flourished. It is fitting for one who visits him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and greets him, to move about a cubit ⁴⁵⁴ and then greet Abu Bakr, saying: "Peace be upon you, O Caliph of the Master of the Messengers. Peace be upon you, O one by whom Allah supported the religion on the day of apostasy. May Allah reward you with good for Islam and the Muslims. O Allah, be pleased with him and be pleased with us through him." Then he should move to his right about a cubit and then greet our master Umar similarly. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the best of those who bestowed knowledge and gave, the most generous beloved who called upon Allah in hope and fear. It is narrated from Muhammad ibn Harb al-Hilali ⁴⁵⁵ who said: I came to the grave of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, visited him, and sat opposite him. Then a Bedouin came and said: "Peace be upon you, O Messenger of Allah. Peace be upon you, O chosen one of Allah, O best of the messengers. Indeed, Allah revealed to you a truthful Book in which He said: 'And if, when they wronged themselves, they had come to you and asked forgiveness of Allah ²⁰⁴ and the Messenger had asked forgiveness for them, they would have found Allah Accepting of repentance and Merciful.' ⁴⁵⁶ And I have come to you seeking forgiveness for my sin, seeking your intercession with my Lord." Then he began to recite: O best of those whose bones are buried in the low ground, * And from whose fragrance the low ground and high ground become fragrant. My soul be the ransom for a grave that you inhabit, * In which there is chastity, generosity, and nobility. He then left, and I saw the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in a dream, and he said: "Catch up with the Bedouin and give him glad tidings that Allah Almighty has forgiven him through my intercession." So I awoke and went out in search of him, but found that he had gone. O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the master of the pious, the imam of the messengers and the righteous saints. It is narrated that a Bedouin stood at his grave, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said: "O Allah, You have commanded the freeing of slaves, and this is Your beloved, and I am Your slave. So free me from the Fire at the grave of Your beloved." Then a caller called out to him: "O you, you ask for freedom only for yourself! Why did you not ask for it for all of creation? Go, for We have freed you from the Fire." O Allah, send blessings, peace, and benedictions upon our master and patron Muhammad and upon the family of our master Muhammad, the effuser of lights, the one for whom the trunk wept at his departure and moaned until its lowing was heard. It is narrated from al-Hasan al-Basri ⁴⁵⁷ who said: Hatim al-Asamm ⁴⁵⁸ stood at the grave of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said: "O Lord, we have visited the grave of Your Prophet ²⁰⁵, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, so do not send us back disappointed." Then it was called out: "O you, We did not permit you to visit the grave of Our beloved except that We have accepted you. So go, for We have forgiven you and those with you among the visitors." Blessings and peace be upon you, O Messenger of Allah. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Prophet of Allah. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Beloved of Allah. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Chosen One of Allah. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Confidant of Allah. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Intimate Friend of Allah. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Trustee of Allah. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Best of Allah. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Most Beloved of Creation to Allah. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Most Honored of Creation before Allah. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Greatest in Intercession before Allah. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Highest in Rank before Allah. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Accepted of Intercession before Allah. Blessings and peace be upon you, O my master, O Messenger of Allah. How could one who seeks you be disappointed? Or how could one who comes to you be turned away? Or how could your visitor not be granted his goal? You are the choicest of the chosen, you are the most generous of the generous, you are the seal of the prophets, you are the master of the pious, you are the support of the righteous and the saints. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Seal of the Prophets. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Master of the Messengers. Blessings and peace be upon you ²⁰⁶, O Imam of the God-fearing. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Leader of the white-forelocked ones ⁴⁵⁹. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Master of all the children of Adam. Blessings and peace be upon you, O one whom Allah sent as a mercy to the worlds. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Intercessor for sinners. My master, O Messenger of Allah, how could one who comes to you not be freed? How could one who leaves his family and children and travels to you not be granted his desire? Or how could you not care for one who crosses deserts and rugged lands and stands before you? Or how could you not succor one who calls upon you and seeks what you have? For you are the master of masters, you are the most generous of the generous, you are sent as a mercy to servants, you are the intercessor on the Day of Summoning ⁴⁶⁰, and you are the one through whom Allah removed drought and calamity and brought relief to the earth and lands. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Master of the Patient. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Imam of those who praise and give thanks. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Beginning of the remembrance of those who remember. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Example for the repentant and those who seek forgiveness. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Noblest of the humble and the submissive. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Best of those who bow and prostrate. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Most Excellent of the abstinent and the ascetic. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Greatest of the diligent and the worshippers. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Greatest of the successful and the winners ²⁰⁷.

Blessings and peace be upon you, O sea of the spiritual support ⁴⁶¹ of the saints and the righteous. Blessings and peace be upon you, O light of the sincere guides. Blessings and peace be upon you, O greatest of the strivers ⁴⁶² and worshippers. My master, O Messenger of Allah, how could your seeker not be content? And how could one who has reached you and been embraced by your side be wronged? For you are the intimate friend ⁴⁶³ of the All-Merciful, you are the refuge of safety, you are the light of the worlds, you are the very essence of all beings ⁴⁶⁴, and you are the one through whose law Allah abrogated all previous laws and religions. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the spirit of spirits. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the bridegroom of joys. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the treasure of goodness and success. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the sea of generosity and forbearance. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the provision of the people of the secret ⁴⁶⁵ and righteousness. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the master of the beautiful ones ⁴⁶⁶. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the one whose star of fortune appeared in the sky of glory and honor, and shone upon all worlds and radiated. Blessings and peace be upon you, O possessor of miracles ⁴⁶⁷. Blessings and peace be upon you, O brilliant one of wonders. Blessings and peace be upon you, O clear proof and signs. Blessings and peace be upon you, O he whom Allah distinguished with wondrous verses. Blessings and peace be upon you, O he whose rank Allah raised above all creatures. Blessings and peace be upon you, O he whose status Allah exalted in the heavens and the earths. Blessings and peace be upon you, O he who is the mercy bestowed ⁴⁶⁸. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the one through whose light darknesses were illuminated. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the one sent as a mercy to all nations. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the one whom Allah chose for prophethood before the creation of the Tablet and the Pen ⁴⁶⁹. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are described with the best of morals and the noblest of traits. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are distinguished with comprehensive speech ⁴⁷⁰ and wondrous wisdom. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the one whom the Lord of Might praised in pre-eternity. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the one upon whom our Lord sent blessings in His clear Book and commanded that blessings and peace be sent upon you. Blessings and peace be upon you, O Prophet of mercy. Blessings and peace be upon you, O remover of distress. Blessings and peace be upon you, O dispeller of darkness. Blessings and peace be upon you, O intercessor of the community. Blessings and peace be upon you, O he whose flashes of glory dazzle. Blessings and peace be upon you, O he whose abundant gifts pour down. Blessings and peace be upon you, O he whose lights of sublimity have appeared. Blessings and peace be upon you, O he whose traces of radiance dazzle. Blessings and peace be upon you, O outcome of sublime honor. Blessings and peace be upon you, O cream of lofty glory. Blessings and peace be upon you, O possessor of the firmly planted foot ⁴⁷¹. Blessings and peace be upon you, O source of noble qualities. Blessings and peace be upon you, O descendant of the most generous glories. Blessings and peace be upon you, O he whose signs dazzle. Blessings and peace be upon you, O he whose miracles have appeared. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah Most High and His blessings. My master, O Messenger of Allah, far be it that one who seeks intercession through you to Allah should fail. My master, O Messenger of Allah, far be it that one who takes refuge in your great station before Allah should be wronged. My master, O Messenger of Allah, far be it that one who intends your invincible sanctuary by Allah's grace should be neglected. My master, O Messenger of Allah, far be it that one who clings to you and seeks intercession through your accepted rank before Allah should be rejected. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the succorer of those who seek help, the compassion of those who seek kindness, the connection of the disconnected, the gatherer of the scattered, the safety of the fearful, the guide of the perplexed, the refuge of those who seek shelter, and you are the intercessor for sinners. My master, O Messenger of Allah, how could one who clings to your hem fail? And how could one who stands at your door not be accepted? And how could one who seeks protection in your sanctuary and rubs his cheek on the dust of your threshold be despised? My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the intercessor whose intercession is accepted with Allah. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the most beloved of servants to Allah. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the most noble of creation to Allah. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the greatest of creatures in rank and station with Allah. My master, O Messenger of Allah, whoever hopes for you and calls upon you is not rejected, far be it, by Allah. My master, O Messenger of Allah, whoever heads for your door and hopes in you is not wronged, yes, by Allah. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the spirit of existence, and were it not for you, the world would have no existence, by the truth of Allah. My master, O Messenger of Allah, how noble you are to Allah. My master, O Messenger of Allah, never has one who sought intercession through you to Allah failed. My master, O Messenger of Allah, whoever comes to your door as a supplicant, Allah accepts him. My master, O Messenger of Allah, whoever unloads the burden of his sins at your door, Allah forgives him. My master, O Messenger of Allah, whoever enters your sanctuary fearful, Allah grants him security. My master, O Messenger of Allah, whoever comes to you humbly, Allah exalts him. My master, O Messenger of Allah, whoever complains to you of his poverty and need, Allah enriches him. My master, O Messenger of Allah, the angels seek intercession through you with Allah. My master, O Messenger of Allah, the prophets and messengers are extended from your spiritual support which you were specially granted from Allah. My master, O Messenger of Allah, your father Adam, peace be upon him, sought intercession through you to his Lord for the acceptance of his repentance, and Allah accepted him. My master, O Messenger of Allah, your father Abraham, peace be upon him, because of you, the fire was made cool and safe for him, and Allah extinguished it. My master, O Messenger of Allah, Noah, peace be upon him, because of you, his ark was made safe from drowning in the sea, and Allah delivered it. So you are the light of existence, you are the master of every existent, and you are the one distinguished

By generosity and munificence, and you are the possessor of the Great Intercession ⁴⁷² and the Praiseworthy Station ⁴⁷³. Peace and blessings be upon you, O full moon of perfection. Peace and blessings be upon you, O lamp of darkness. Peace and blessings be upon you, O key to the Abode of Peace ⁴⁷⁴. Peace and blessings be upon you, O final brick ⁴⁷⁵. Peace and blessings be upon you, O protector of widows and orphans. Peace and blessings be upon you, O master of the two worlds ⁴⁷⁶. Peace and blessings be upon you, O leader of the two weighty ones ⁴⁷⁷. Peace and blessings be upon you, O he whom Allah took by night to the distance of two bow-lengths ⁴⁷⁸. My master, O Messenger of Allah, you are the purpose of existence, and you are the master of every parent and child, and you are the jewel around which all kinds of created beings revolve, and you are the light whose radiance filled the earths and heavens. Your blessings are countless, and your miracles cannot be limited by number to be fully enumerated. Inanimate objects yearned for you, trees and stones responded to your call and greeted you, and the salty well became sweet with a drop of spittle from your lips. You are the possessor of the sound heart, you are the oft-returning ⁴⁷⁹, the forbearing, you are the noble prophet, you are the kind, the merciful, you are the one whom your Lord praised with His words: "And indeed, you are of a great moral character" ⁴⁸⁰. You are the one whom your Lord caused to reach a station that no intimate friend nor interlocutor can attain. So you are the first in the order, and the last in the conclusion, and the manifest through lights, and the hidden through secrets. You are the gatherer of virtue, the orator of union, the leader of the people of perfection, and the possessor of beauty and majesty. Your law is manifest, your signs are evident, your lights are radiant and shining, your miracles are clear and dazzling. You are the one through whom the bird of the desert sought intercession, you are the one in whose hand the pebble glorified [Allah], you are the bearer of glad tidings and warner, you are the illuminating lamp, you are the one to whom the camel complained, you are the one for whom the trunk [of the palm tree] yearned in separation, and from between whose fingers abundant water gushed forth. You are the pure, the purified, you are the one for whom the moon split, you are the seal of prophethood and messengership, you are the pole of majesty, you are the one to whom the lizard spoke and through whom the gazelle sought intercession. You are the tongue of pre-eternity, you are firm of foot, you are the intercessor on the Day of Regret and Remorse. You are the one without whom the world would not have emerged from non-existence. You are the possessor of the great call, you are the one whom Allah mentioned in the ancient scriptures. You are the one before whose sublimity intellects are bewildered, you are the one whom your Lord brought near. My master, O Messenger of Allah, through your blessed mission we have been saved from metamorphosis, engulfment, and punishment, and through your encompassing mercy, divine favors have encompassed us, and we hope for the lifting of the veil. Peace and blessings be upon you, O Messenger of Allah. Bestow upon us your accepted intercession with Allah. Peace and blessings be upon you, O Messenger of Allah. Through you we seek intercession for acceptance, that we may be, in this world and the Hereafter, among those whom Allah takes care of. Peace and blessings be upon you, O Messenger of Allah. Through you we hope to attain the goal and the desire, and we do not fear rejection—far be it from Allah! Peace and blessings be upon you, O Messenger of Allah. Your beloved ones from your community call upon you for what concerns them, and you are the means to Allah. Peace and blessings be upon you, O Messenger of Allah. Your beloved ones from your community stand at your door, O most noble of Allah's creation. Peace and blessings be upon you, O Messenger of Allah. The Arabs protect the guest and give refuge to the entrant, and you are the master of Arabs and non-Arabs, O Messenger of Allah. Peace and blessings be upon you, O Messenger of Allah. Aid us through your esteemed rank with Allah. My master, O Messenger of Allah, through you we hope for the healing of harms, and through you we aspire to attain our goals, and through you the plot of the wicked is repelled from us, and through you the clouds of rain pour down upon us. My master, O Messenger of Allah, through you we hope for forgiveness of sins, and through your blessings ⁴⁸¹ faults are concealed, and through the blessing of your rank, the satisfaction of the Knower of the Unseen [is obtained]. O our beloved, O our prophet, O our intercessor, O our refuge, O our treasure, O our means, O our pride, O our support, O our master, O Messenger of Allah, we have alighted at your sanctuary and sought refuge in your presence, and we swear by your life upon Allah. You are the succor and you are the refuge, so aid us by the right of the esteemed rank of your face, which Allah does not reject. O Allah, I ask You by the best of Your creation in detail and in summary, and the most perfect of them in beauty and comeliness, and the most blessed in state and wealth, the one through whom You have excused slips, and for whose sake You have forgiven sins and offenses, and by whose rank You have made mention in the earths and heavens, and for whom You have made the highest assembly ⁴⁸² serve, and upon whom You have bestowed praise in the Hereafter and the First [life], the supporter of truth with truth, sent as a bearer of glad tidings and a warner to all of creation. O our Lord, by his rank with You, accept from us our supplications, raise for us our degrees, facilitate for us our needs, discharge for us our liabilities, and cause us to dwell in the highest stations, and grant us the vision of his face—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and Your noble face in the presence of witnessing ⁴⁸³. And make us among those upon whom You have bestowed favor, of the prophets and the truthful ones, the people of miracles and the possessors of wonders ⁴⁸⁴. And take care of us in the life of this world and at the time of death, and ease for us the agonies of death, and forgive our families and our brothers from all directions. And forgive us, our parents, our teachers, our brothers, and those who love us, and all believing men and women, and Muslim men and women, the living among them and the dead. O Allah, forgive the enormities of my sins, for You are the Great, the Forgiving, and erase from my heart the effect of major and minor sins. O Allah, indeed I have wronged myself, and I am the bewildered guide. O Allah, You have revealed to our master Muhammad, Your beloved—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—a noble saying: "And if, when they wronged themselves, they had come to you and asked forgiveness of Allah and the Messenger had asked forgiveness for them, they would have found Allah Accepting of repentance and Merciful" ⁴⁸⁵. O Allah, I have persisted in my excesses and wronged myself greatly, so forgive me my sins, small and great, which none forgives but You. O Allah, I have come to the door of sending blessings upon Your beloved, our master Muhammad—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—seeking thereby Your forgiveness. So I ask You to grant me his seeking forgiveness for me, that You may grant me Your good pleasure. For he—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—has never ceased to be in Your proximity, living and noble. So grant me his seeking forgiveness, that I may find You Accepting of repentance, Merciful. O Allah, let me enjoy the closeness of this noble prophet, and make me among his party, and grant me of his abundant goodness. O Allah, bestow upon me the vision of his noble face, and make me happy with the visitation of his exalted and lofty grave, for You are the Generous, the Kind. O Allah, by his rank with You, heal my illness, relieve my distress, forgive my slip, have mercy on my weakness and lowliness, accept my repentance, and remedy my poverty and neediness, for he is my means to You. O Most Merciful of the merciful, O Most Generous of the generous, O Most Noble of the noble, O Lord of the worlds. The third part ends with the praise of Allah and His beautiful assistance.

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1. عُرْوَتِهِمُ الْوُثْقَى : The firmest handhold, a Qur'anic phrase (2:256) meaning the most reliable bond or support.
2. يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُزَّمِّلُ قُمِ اللَّيْلَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا : Qur'an 73:1-2, addressing the Prophet Muhammad as 'the enwrapped one'.
3. طه مَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْقُرْآنَ لِتَشْقَى : Qur'an 20:1-2, meaning 'Ta Ha, We have not sent down the Qur'an to you to cause you distress'.
4. نَهْرِ الْجَنَّةِ : The river of Paradise, referring to al-Kawthar, a river in Paradise given to the Prophet.
5. إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ... : Qur'an 108:1-3, where Allah grants the Prophet abundance (al-Kawthar).
6. رَبَّنَا وَابْعَثْ فِيهِمْ رَسُولًا... : Qur'an 2:129, the prayer of Abraham and Ishmael.
7. أَنَا وَعْوَةُ أَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَبِشَارَةُ عِيسَى : A hadith meaning 'I am the prayer of Abraham and the glad tidings of Jesus'.
8. وَكَانَ آخِرَ مَنْ بَشَّرَ بِي عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ : A hadith meaning 'Jesus son of Mary was the last to give glad tidings of me'.
9. لَقَدْ مَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ... : Qur'an 3:164, referring to the sending of the Prophet as a favor.
10. هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولًا... : Qur'an 62:2, describing the Prophet's mission to the unlettered.
11. قُلْ إِنَّمَا الْآيَاتُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ... : Qur'an 29:50-52, where the Qur'an itself is presented as a sufficient sign.
12. يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ شَاهِدًا... : Qur'an 33:45-46, describing the Prophet's roles.
13. وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّكَ لَرَسُولُهُ : Qur'an 63:1, testifying to the Prophet's messengership.
14. مُّحَمَّدٌ رَّسُولُ اللَّهِ : Qur'an 48:29, a direct declaration.
15. قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ لَكُمْ جَمِيعًا : Qur'an 7:158, the Prophet's universal mission.
16. يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولُنَا... : Qur'an 5:19, addressing the People of the Book.
17. لَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ... : Qur'an 9:128, describing the Prophet's compassion.
18. وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا رَحْمَةً لِّلْعَالَمِينَ : Qur'an 21:107, stating the Prophet's mission as a mercy.
19. qawāʿim al-ʿarsh : The pillars or supports of the Throne of Allah, a term in Islamic cosmology referring to the structure of the divine throne.
20. aṣḥāb al-yamīn : Companions of the right hand; refers to the blessed people who will receive their records in their right hand on Judgment Day.
21. ʿayn al-aʿyān : The eye of the chosen ones; a Sufi term indicating the essence or the most select among the elite.
22. Qur'an 21:107 : Quranic verse: 'And We have not sent you except as a mercy to the worlds.'
23. Qur'an 81:20-21 : Quranic verses describing Gabriel as possessing power, secure with the Lord of the Throne, obeyed and trustworthy.
24. Qur'an 33:40 : Quranic verse: 'Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the seal of the prophets.'
25. walī : A saint or friend of Allah, a person of high spiritual rank in Islam.
26. ahl al-maʿrifa : People of spiritual knowledge or gnosis, often referring to Sufi mystics.
27. muḥkam al-tanzīl : The clear or decisive revelation, referring to the Quran.
28. Qur'an 7:157 : Quranic verse: 'Those who follow the Messenger, the unlettered prophet, whom they find written with them in the Torah and the Gospel.'
29. al-nabī : The Prophet, referring to Muhammad.
30. Qur'an 112:1-4 : Surah al-Ikhlas: 'Say: He is Allah, the One, Allah the Eternal, He neither begets nor is born, nor is there to Him any equivalent.'
31. al-Mutawakkil : The one who relies (on Allah); a name given to the Prophet Muhammad in the Torah according to this tradition.
32. ṭabīb al-anfās : Physician of souls; a metaphorical title for the Prophet Muhammad as a healer of spiritual ailments.
33. khannās : The sneaking whisperer; refers to Satan who withdraws when Allah is mentioned.
34. ibn al-batūl : Son of the Virgin; refers to Jesus, son of Mary.
35. Ibrāhīm al-Khalīl : Abraham the Friend of Allah.
36. al-Burāq : A mythical steed that transported prophets, especially associated with the Night Journey of Muhammad.
37. ربعة : A box or chest, often used for storing scrolls or books.
38. جريدة : A scroll or sheet of paper/parchment.
39. ظفيرتان : Two braids or locks of hair.
40. مغرب الشمس : The place of sunset; possibly a reference to a location in the West.
41. ذو القرنين : Dhul-Qarnayn, a righteous ruler mentioned in the Qur'an, often identified with Alexander the Great or Cyrus the Great.
42. دانيال : Daniel, the prophet known from the Hebrew Bible and Islamic tradition.
43. اليهود : The Jews; here referring to their recognition of Muhammad's prophethood from their scriptures.
44. الزبور : The Psalms, the scripture revealed to David.
45. قاموس : Canon, law, or code; here referring to the divine law.
46. وهب بن منبه : Wahb ibn Munabbih, a Yemeni scholar known for transmitting Isra'iliyyat (traditions from Jewish and Christian sources).
47. أمي : Unlettered, illiterate; a description of Prophet Muhammad indicating he did not read or write.
48. برئ من الله : Free from Allah; i.e., disassociated from Allah's mercy or protection.
49. ن : Nun; a letter of the Arabic alphabet, one of the mysterious letters (huruf muqatta'at) at the beginning of some Qur'anic chapters.
50. سورة القلم : Surah al-Qalam (The Pen), chapter 68 of the Qur'an, verses 1-4.
51. ليلة الإسراء : The Night of the Ascension, when Prophet Muhammad was taken from Mecca to Jerusalem and then ascended to the heavens.
52. سورة الضحى : Surah al-Duha (The Morning Brightness), chapter 93 of the Qur'an, verses 1-3.
53. سورة النجم : Surah al-Najm (The Star), chapter 53 of the Qur'an, verses 1-3.
54. يس : Ya Sin; letters of the Arabic alphabet, one of the mysterious letters at the beginning of Surah Ya Sin (chapter 36).
55. سورة يس : Surah Ya Sin, chapter 36 of the Qur'an, verses 1-4.
56. سورة الحجر : Surah al-Hijr (The Rocky Tract), chapter 15 of the Qur'an, verse 72.
57. سورة البلد : Surah al-Balad (The City), chapter 90 of the Qur'an, verses 1-2.
58. sāḥir aw majnūn : Arabic phrase meaning 'a sorcerer or a madman,' used by disbelievers to reject prophets.
59. ya'kulu aṭ-ṭa'āma wa yamshī fī l-aswāq : Arabic phrase meaning 'eats food and walks in the markets,' indicating the human nature of prophets.
60. mā wadda'aka rabbuka wa mā qalā : Qur'anic verse (93:3) meaning 'Your Lord has not forsaken you, nor has He hated [you].'
61. wa mā arsalnā qablaka mina l-mursalīna illā innahum la-ya'kulūna aṭ-ṭa'āma wa yamshūna fī l-aswāq : Qur'anic verse (25:20) meaning 'And We sent not before you any messengers except that they ate food and walked in the markets.'
62. am yaḥsudūna n-nāsa 'alā mā ātāhumu llāhu min faḍlihī... : Qur'anic verse (4:54) meaning 'Or do they envy people for what Allah has given them of His bounty...'
63. Ka'ba : The sacred cube-shaped building in Mecca, the focal point of Muslim prayer; here used metaphorically for the Prophet as the center of devotion.
64. qul in kāna ābā'ukum... : Qur'anic verse (9:24) emphasizing that love for Allah and His Messenger must surpass all worldly attachments.
65. lā yu'minu aḥadukum ḥattā akūna aḥabba ilayhi min wālidihi wa waladihi wa n-nāsi ajma'īn : Hadith meaning 'None of you believes until I am more beloved to him than his father, his child, and all people.'
66. thalāthun man kunna fīhi wajada ḥalāwata l-īmān... : Hadith listing three qualities that bring the sweetness of faith: love for Allah and His Messenger above all, love for others only for Allah, and hatred of returning to disbelief.
67. al-āna yā 'Umar, al-āna yā 'Umar tamma laka l-īmān : The Prophet's statement to Umar: 'Now, O Umar, now, O Umar, your faith is complete,' after Umar declared his love for the Prophet above his own self.
68. al-mar'u ma'a man aḥabb : Hadith meaning 'A person is with whom he loves,' indicating that one will be resurrected with those they love.
69. anta ma'a man aḥbabta : Hadith meaning 'You are with whom you love,' said to a man who loved Allah and His Messenger despite few deeds.
70. ṣiddīqīn : Those who are extremely truthful and affirm the truth; a rank of righteousness.
71. shuḥadā’ : Martyrs; those who die in the cause of Allah.
72. ṣāliḥīn : Righteous people; those who are pious and upright.
73. Muhājirūn : The early Muslims who emigrated from Mecca to Medina.
74. Anṣār : The helpers; the residents of Medina who supported the Prophet and the Muhajirun.
75. mudd : A unit of dry measure, approximately 0.5 liters, used in Islamic tradition.
76. suluk : Spiritual wayfaring or journeying towards Allah, often associated with Sufi practices.
77. as-hari wa akhtani : In-laws and co-fathers-in-law; refers to relatives by marriage.
78. al-Hawd : The Basin (or Pond) of the Prophet Muhammad in Paradise, from which believers will drink on the Day of Resurrection.
79. Dar al-Hijra : The abode of emigration, referring to Medina, where the Prophet migrated from Mecca.
80. al-wusṭā : The middle finger; in this context, the light of the companions is placed on Adam's fingers as a symbolic representation of their spiritual rank.
81. kanz al-anwār : Treasure of lights; a Sufi epithet for the Prophet Muhammad, referring to him as the source of spiritual illumination.
82. al-zunnār : The girdle; a distinctive belt worn by non-Muslims (especially Christians and Zoroastrians) under Islamic rule, symbolizing their religious identity.
83. al-Muṣṭafā : The Chosen One; an epithet of the Prophet Muhammad.
84. al-ḥawḍ : The Basin (or Pond) of the Prophet in Paradise, from which the faithful will drink on the Day of Resurrection.
85. al-ʿurwa al-wuthqā : The firmest handhold; a Qur'anic phrase (2:256) meaning the strongest bond of faith.
86. al-Ṣiddīq : The Truthful; a title of Abu Bakr, the first caliph, given for his unwavering faith and confirmation of the Prophet's night journey.
87. al-ʿArsh : The Throne of Allah; the greatest of all created things, symbolizing divine sovereignty.
88. Qur'an 15:47 : Surah al-Hijr, verse 47, describing the state of the righteous in Paradise.
89. Muhammad : The Prophet Muhammad, the final messenger in Islam.
90. 'Umar al-Faruq : 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Caliph, known as al-Faruq (the one who distinguishes truth from falsehood).
91. 'Uthman : 'Uthman ibn 'Affan, the third Caliph.
92. Dhu al-Fiqar : The name of the sword of 'Ali ibn Abi Talib.
93. 'Ali al-Murtada : 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Caliph, known as al-Murtada (the one with whom Allah is pleased).
94. al-Siddiq : Abu Bakr, the first Caliph, known as al-Siddiq (the truthful).
95. Imam al-Shafi'i : Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i, founder of the Shafi'i school of Islamic jurisprudence.
96. bishop : A high-ranking Christian clergy member.
97. Ka'ba : The sacred cube-shaped building in Mecca, the holiest site in Islam.
98. monotheism : The belief in one God, Islam being the religion of monotheism (tawhid).
99. jinn : Spiritual beings created from smokeless fire, possessing free will like humans.
100. al-Hasan and al-Husayn : The grandsons of the Prophet Muhammad, sons of 'Ali and Fatima.
101. Emigrants and Helpers : The Emigrants (Muhajirun) were those who migrated from Mecca to Medina; the Helpers (Ansar) were the residents of Medina who supported them.
102. al-riḍwān al-akbar : The greatest divine pleasure or satisfaction, a term indicating the highest level of God's contentment.
103. yatajallā : He manifests Himself; refers to a theophany or divine self-disclosure, a concept in Islamic theology where God reveals Himself to believers in the afterlife.
104. al-ghār : The cave; refers to the Cave of Thawr where the Prophet Muhammad and Abu Bakr hid during the emigration to Medina.
105. al-ḥawḍ : The Basin; refers to the celestial pool (Hawd al-Kawthar) from which the Prophet will give water to his followers on the Day of Resurrection.
106. al-sābiqūn al-awwalūn : The foremost predecessors; refers to the early converts to Islam who are given special honor.
107. al-mala’ al-a‘lā : The highest assembly; refers to the celestial gathering of angels and prophets in the highest heaven.
108. khalīl : Intimate friend; a term of endearment, here used by Gabriel addressing the Prophet, but the phrase 'khalīl Abī Bakr' is ambiguous; it may mean 'O intimate friend of Abu Bakr' or 'O intimate friend, (mentioning) Abu Bakr'.
109. jannāt ‘adn : Gardens of Eden; a name for Paradise in the Quran, often considered the highest level of Paradise.
110. laylat al-isrā’ : The Night of the Ascension; refers to the Prophet's night journey from Mecca to Jerusalem and his ascension to heaven.
111. talālu’ : Luminescence or radiance; a shining light or glow.
112. shajarat Ṭūbā : The Tree of Tuba; a blessed tree in Paradise mentioned in Islamic tradition, often associated with immense size and blessings.
113. ḥawrā’ : Hourī; a celestial maiden in Paradise, described as pure and beautiful.
114. ‘atīq : Freed; a title of Abu Bakr meaning 'freed from the Fire' or 'emancipated', also interpreted as 'noble' or 'ancient'.
115. ‘Umar : ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Caliph of Islam, known for his justice and strength.
116. Abu Bakr : Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, the first Caliph of Islam, known for his truthfulness and close companionship with the Prophet Muhammad.
117. al-Siddiq : An epithet of Abu Bakr meaning 'the Truthful' or 'the Verifier'.
118. Bridge (al-Sirat) : The bridge over Hellfire that all must cross on the Day of Judgment; the righteous pass safely, while the sinful fall.
119. rak'ah : A unit of Islamic prayer, consisting of specific movements and recitations.
120. Israfil : The angel responsible for blowing the Trumpet on the Day of Resurrection.
121. Ansar : The 'Helpers,' the residents of Medina who supported the Prophet Muhammad after his migration from Mecca.
122. Night Journey (al-Isra') : The miraculous night journey of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalem and his ascension to the heavens.
123. houris : Beautiful, pure beings in Paradise described as companions for the righteous.
124. Khaybar : An oasis north of Medina, home to Jewish tribes conquered by the Muslims in 7 AH.
125. Qur'an 3:181 : The verse: 'Allah has indeed heard the statement of those who said, “Allah is poor and we are rich.” We will record what they said and their killing of the prophets unjustly, and We will say, “Taste the punishment of the burning Fire.”'
126. al-Ṣiddīq : The Truthful One, a title of Abū Bakr, the first Caliph, given by the Prophet due to his unwavering faith.
127. ʿAtīq : The Freed One, a title of Abū Bakr, referring to his being freed from Hellfire or his noble lineage.
128. Rafīq : Companion or intimate friend, here used as a title for Abū Bakr.
129. maʿrifa : Gnosis or direct knowledge of God, a key concept in Sufism.
130. tahajjud : Night prayer, a supererogatory prayer performed after sleep.
131. al-ghār : The cave of Thawr, where the Prophet and Abū Bakr hid during the Hijra.
132. al-Ṣiddīqa : The Truthful One (feminine), a title of ʿĀʾisha, daughter of Abū Bakr and wife of the Prophet.
133. al-rūḥ : The Spirit, often referring to the angel Jibrīl or divine support.
134. al-dhikr : The Remembrance, a term for the Qurʾān.
135. tawḥīd : The oneness of God, the central doctrine of Islam.
136. al-asfiya' : The elite or chosen ones, often referring to the close friends of God (awliya') or the purified ones.
137. a'yan al-a'lam : The most distinguished notables or prominent figures among the learned and righteous.
138. al-Faruq : A title meaning 'the Distinguisher' or 'the One who separates truth from falsehood,' given to Umar ibn al-Khattab by the Prophet Muhammad.
139. al-ahmar wa al-aswad : Literally 'the red and the black,' a phrase meaning all of humanity, regardless of race or ethnicity.
140. muhaddathun : Inspired ones or those who are spoken to by angels, possessing divine inspiration without being prophets.
141. walad 'Adnan : Children of Adnan, referring to the Arab tribes descended from Adnan, an ancestor of the Prophet Muhammad.
142. ar-riyya yakhruju min azfari : A phrase indicating that the Prophet drank so much milk that the satiation (riy) was visible coming out from his nails, a miraculous sign.
143. آل : Family or household, often referring to the Prophet's family and descendants.
144. أَكْمَلَ اللَّهُ بِهِ : Allah perfected through him, referring to the completion of the religion of Islam through the Prophet Muhammad.
145. سَارِيَةَ الْجَبَلَ : Sariyah is a proper name of a companion; 'the mountain' refers to a specific mountain where a battle took place. The phrase is a call to take refuge in the mountain.
146. عَلَى ظَهْرِ الطَّرِيقِ : Literally 'on the back of the road,' meaning on the road or in the middle of the path.
147. 'Ukaz : A famous pre-Islamic annual fair near Mecca where poetry competitions were held.
148. Commander of the Faithful : Title of the caliph, meaning 'Amir al-Mu'minin'.
149. Quran 58:1 : Reference to the verse about Khawlah bint Tha'labah who complained to the Prophet about her husband.
150. responder : One who says 'Labbayk' during the pilgrimage, responding to Allah's call.
151. Wa yashhad 'adhabahuma ta'ifatun min al-mu'minin : Qur'anic verse (24:2) regarding the punishment of fornicators, requiring a group of believers to witness the flogging.
152. الرَّوْضَةِ الْمُشَرَّفَةِ : The honored Rawda; the area between the Prophet's pulpit and his house in Medina, considered a garden of Paradise.
153. فَارُوقِهِ : His Faruq; a title of Umar ibn al-Khattab meaning 'the one who distinguishes between truth and falsehood'.
154. لِلْبَيْتِ : To the House; referring to the Kaaba in Mecca.
155. مُضَرْ : Mudar; a major Arab tribe, often used to refer to the Quraysh or the Prophet's lineage.
156. ذُو النُّورَيْنِ : Possessor of the two lights; a title of Uthman ibn Affan because he married two daughters of the Prophet, Ruqayya and Umm Kulthum.
157. qurba : An act of drawing near to Allah, a means of seeking closeness to Him.
158. Jibril : The angel Gabriel, the messenger of revelation to the prophets.
159. Jaysh al-Usra : The Army of Hardship, referring to the expedition of Tabuk, which was a difficult military campaign.
160. Mirbad : A place where dates are dried or stored; here, a specific piece of land.
161. Bi'r Rumah : A well in Medina that 'Uthman purchased and made a public endowment for the Muslims.
162. Rabi'a and Mudar : Two large tribal confederations in pre-Islamic and early Islamic Arabia, used here to denote a vast number of people.
163. al-Thurayya : The Pleiades star cluster; metaphorically, a high rank or lofty station.
164. al-Mizan : The Scale or Balance on the Day of Judgment by which deeds are weighed.
165. Bay'at al-Ridwan : The Pledge of Good Pleasure, a pledge of allegiance taken under a tree at Hudaybiyya, where the companions swore to fight until death.
166. ṣallā llāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam : Standard blessing formula for the Prophet Muhammad, meaning 'may Allah bless him and grant him peace'.
167. jaysh al-ʿusrah : The 'Army of Hardship' refers to the expedition of Tabuk, which occurred in a time of extreme difficulty and scarcity.
168. ʿUthmān : Uthman ibn Affan, the third Caliph of Islam, known for his generosity and compilation of the Qur'an.
169. al-ṣirāṭ : The bridge over Hellfire that all must cross on the Day of Judgment; the righteous pass safely, while the wicked fall.
170. Jibrīl : The angel Gabriel, who conveyed divine revelation to the prophets.
171. ḥawrāʾ ʿaynāʾ : A 'ḥūrī' or maiden of Paradise, characterized by wide, beautiful eyes.
172. qamīṣ : Literally 'shirt'; here a metaphor for the caliphate or authority that Uthman was urged not to relinquish.
173. fasayakfīkahumu llāh : Qur'anic verse (2:137) meaning 'So Allah will suffice you against them.'
174. yawm al-dār : The 'Day of the House' refers to the siege of Uthman's house leading to his martyrdom.
175. khawkhah : A small window or aperture in a wall.
176. al-ghayrah : Divine jealousy or protective anger when His prohibitions are violated.
177. wa-dhkurū niʿmata llāhi ʿalaykum... : Qur'anic verse (3:103) urging unity and remembrance of Allah's favor.
178. Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq : The first Caliph, known for his truthfulness and close companionship with the Prophet.
179. jāmiʿ al-Qurʾān : Uthman is credited with compiling the standardized text of the Qur'an.
180. dhū al-nūrayn : Title meaning 'Possessor of Two Lights', as Uthman married two daughters of the Prophet.
181. al-wilāyah wa-l-ʿirfān : Wilayah refers to sainthood or divine friendship; 'irfan refers to spiritual knowledge or gnosis.
182. ḥasbī dawāʾun li-ʿillatī wa-aḥzānī : A poetic line meaning 'Sufficient for me is a cure for my ailment and my sorrows,' expressing reliance on God or the praised figure.
183. dhī al-nūrayn : 'Possessor of the two lights,' a title for 'Uthman ibn 'Affan, referring to his marriage to two daughters of the Prophet: Ruqayya and Umm Kulthum.
184. al-Muṣṭafā : 'The Chosen One,' a title of the Prophet Muhammad.
185. al-Sharīʿa : Islamic law derived from the Qur'an and Sunna.
186. Sijistān : A historical region in eastern Iran, where 'Uthman led military campaigns.
187. riḍwān : Divine pleasure or satisfaction, often referring to God's approval.
188. ishtara al-biʾra : Reference to 'Uthman purchasing the well of Rumah and making it available for public use.
189. jahhaza al-jaysh : Reference to 'Uthman equipping the Army of Hardship (Jaysh al-ʿUsra) during the Tabuk expedition.
190. mujtahidan : Exerting effort in legal reasoning (ijtihad) or striving in worship.
191. al-Sunna al-gharrāʾ : The radiant or luminous Sunna, i.e., the prophetic traditions and practices.
192. al-Mujtabā al-Mukhtār : 'The Chosen, the Elected,' titles of the Prophet Muhammad.
193. bayʿa... li-riḍwān : The Pledge of Good Pleasure (Bayʿat al-Riḍwān) under a tree at Hudaybiyya, where companions pledged allegiance to the Prophet.
194. al-dhikr : Remembrance of God, often through repetition of His names or phrases.
195. al-Ṣiddīq : 'The Truthful,' a title of Abu Bakr, the first caliph.
196. al-Thānī : 'The Second,' referring to 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second caliph.
197. sayf Allāh al-maslūl : 'The drawn sword of God,' a title for 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, indicating his martial prowess.
198. al-Zahrāʾ al-Batūl : 'The Radiant and Pure,' titles of Fatima, the Prophet's daughter.
199. al-Bayt al-Ḥarām : The Sacred House, i.e., the Kaaba in Mecca.
200. al-Baqīʿ : The cemetery in Medina where many companions are buried.
201. laḥd : A niche dug in the side of a grave for the body.
202. al-Bayt : The Kaaba, the sacred house in Mecca.
203. al-siqāya : The duty of providing water to pilgrims, traditionally held by the Abbasids.
204. Qur'an 9:19 : The verse revealed in response to the boasting, establishing the superiority of faith and jihad over service to pilgrims.
205. rākiʿan : In the state of bowing during prayer (ruku').
206. Qur'an 28:35 : The verse where God strengthens Moses with Aaron.
207. walī : Guardian, protector, or friend; in this context, the one entitled to authority.
208. رَاكِعُونَ : The Arabic word 'rākiʿūn' means 'those who bow' in prayer, referring to a state of humility and devotion. The verse is often interpreted as praising those who give charity while in the act of bowing, a reference to Ali ibn Abi Talib's reported action.
209. الَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ سِرًّا وَعَلَانِيَةً : Quran 2:274. This verse praises those who spend their wealth in charity at all times and in all ways, both secretly and openly.
210. إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ مُنْذِرٌ وَلِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ هَادٍ : Quran 13:7. The verse states that the Prophet Muhammad is a warner, and for every people there is a guide. The hadith interprets 'guide' as Ali.
211. وَتَعِيَهَا أُذُنٌ وَاعِيَةٌ : Quran 69:12. The verse refers to an attentive ear that retains the message. The hadith applies this to Ali.
212. سَأَلَ سَائِلٌ بِعَذَابٍ وَاقِعٍ لِلْكَافِرِينَ : Quran 70:1-2. The verse speaks of a questioner asking about a punishment that will befall the disbelievers. The story connects this to al-Harith ibn al-Nu'man.
213. غَدِيرِ خُمٍّ : Ghadir Khumm is a location between Mecca and Medina where the Prophet Muhammad delivered a sermon and declared, 'Whoever I am his master, Ali is his master,' a key event in Shia Islam.
214. سَأَلَ سَائِلٌ بِعَذَابٍ وَاقِعٍ لِلْكَافِرِينَ لَيْسَ لَهُ دَافِعٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ ذِي الْمَعَارِجِ : Quran 70:1-3. The full verse emphasizes that the punishment is from Allah, the Lord of the Ascending Stairways.
215. أَبُو ذَرٍّ وَالْمِقْدَادُ وَسَلْمَانُ : Abu Dharr, al-Miqdad, and Salman are three prominent companions of the Prophet Muhammad, known for their piety and closeness to Ali.
216. خَيْبَرَ : Khaybar is an oasis north of Medina, site of a battle in 628 CE where the Muslims conquered the Jewish fortress. The Prophet gave the banner to Ali, who miraculously recovered from an eye ailment.
217. munāfiq : A hypocrite; one who outwardly professes faith but inwardly conceals disbelief.
218. khalīfa : Successor or caliph; here referring to Ali ibn Abi Talib as the Prophet's successor.
219. al-ḥawḍ : The Basin (Hawd al-Kawthar) in Paradise where the Prophet's community will gather on the Day of Resurrection.
220. khallafahu : Left him behind as a deputy or successor in his absence.
221. al-waḥīd al-shahīd : The unique martyr; a reference to Ali, who was martyred.
222. walī : Guardian, protector, or friend; here indicating authority and closeness.
223. Abū al-Ḥasan : Epithet of Ali meaning 'father of al-Hasan' (his eldest son).
224. al-dhikr : The Remembrance; often referring to the Qur'an or the act of remembering God.
225. al-sunan : Plural of sunna; the practices and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad.
226. al-Zahrā' : Epithet of Fatima, the Prophet's daughter, meaning 'the radiant' or 'the luminous'.
227. al-Ḥasan : Al-Hasan ibn Ali, the elder grandson of the Prophet.
228. al-Razniyya : Unclear; possibly a place name or a corruption; the phrase is obscure.
229. imām : Leader; here meaning the spiritual and temporal leader of the community.
230. al-qadīb al-yāqūt al-aḥmar : The 'red ruby staff' is a symbolic object mentioned in some traditions, representing a special station or means of closeness to Allah, often associated with the love of Ali.
231. al-zahrā' al-batūl : Al-Zahra' (the radiant) and al-Batul (the virgin) are epithets of Fatimah, the daughter of the Prophet Muhammad and wife of Ali.
232. al-Anṣār : The Ansar were the inhabitants of Medina who supported the Prophet Muhammad after his migration from Mecca.
233. Abū Barza : Abu Barza (or Abu Bardah) is a companion of the Prophet, though the name appears in variant forms in different narrations.
234. Jabal Abī Qubays : Mount Abu Qubays is a mountain in Mecca, near the Kaaba, associated with several prophetic traditions.
235. yā ayyuhā alladhīna āmanū : Qur'anic address: 'O you who have believed' (Q. 2:104, etc.).
236. jāmi‘ : One who amasses or gathers wealth.
237. al-shiyam al-‘āliya : Lofty traits or noble character qualities.
238. ḍab‘ : Upper arm; the part between the shoulder and elbow.
239. jabbānat al-Kūfa : The cemetery of Kufa, a city in Iraq.
240. ḥayātikum : Your life; here meaning from your lifetime.
241. yā dunyā : O world; a personification of worldly life.
242. Abū al-Ḥasan : Epithet of 'Ali, meaning 'father of al-Hasan'.
243. qaḍā naḥbah : Fulfilled his vow; died fulfilling his covenant.
244. mā baddalū tabdīlan : They have not changed in the least; Qur'an 33:23.
245. hādhihi : This; referring to the verse.
246. ashqāhā : The most wretched of them; referring to the one who would kill him.
247. Abū al-Qāsim : Epithet of the Prophet Muhammad, meaning 'father of al-Qasim'.
248. thalāth : Three; likely referring to three morsels or bites.
249. Mu'tah : A town in present-day Jordan, site of a battle in 629 CE between Muslims and Byzantine forces.
250. Zayd ibn Harithah : A companion of the Prophet Muhammad and his adopted son, commander of the Muslim army at Mu'tah.
251. Ja'far ibn Abi Talib : A companion of the Prophet and cousin of 'Ali, known for his bravery at Mu'tah.
252. 'Abdullah ibn Rawahah : A companion of the Prophet and poet, third commander at Mu'tah.
253. imam : A leader, especially in prayer or spiritual guidance; here used as a title of honor.
254. Quraysh : The dominant tribe in Mecca at the time of the Prophet, initially opposed to Islam.
255. scroll : A document of boycott against the Banu Hashim, reportedly eaten by termites except for the name of Allah.
256. Banu Hashim : The clan of the Prophet Muhammad, subjected to a boycott by Quraysh.
257. Fatimah al-Zahra' : The daughter of the Prophet Muhammad and wife of 'Ali, revered as a model of piety.
258. Wathilah ibn al-Asqa' : A companion of the Prophet known for narrating hadith.
259. muftis : Islamic jurists qualified to issue legal opinions (fatwas).
260. fatwa : A non-binding legal opinion in Islam.
261. slayer of the she-camel : Refers to the person who killed the she-camel of Prophet Salih, a sign of disbelief.
262. Ibn Muljam : The assassin of 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, a Kharijite.
263. Mu'awiyah : The first Umayyad caliph, who opposed 'Ali during the First Fitna.
264. 'Uthman : The third caliph, assassinated while reading the Quran.
265. Mushaf : A physical copy of the Quran.
266. So Allah will suffice you... : Quran 2:137, the verse upon which blood fell during 'Uthman's assassination.
267. Battle of the Camel : A battle in 656 CE between forces of 'Ali and 'A'ishah, Talhah, and al-Zubayr.
268. Siffin : A battle in 657 CE between 'Ali and Mu'awiyah.
269. 'A'ishah : A wife of the Prophet, who led opposition to 'Ali in the Battle of the Camel.
270. al-Zubayr : A companion of the Prophet and cousin of 'A'ishah, fought against 'Ali.
271. Haw'ab : A place where dogs barked at 'A'ishah's caravan, fulfilling a prophecy.
272. al-Hasan : The grandson of the Prophet, who later abdicated the caliphate to Mu'awiyah.
273. 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr : A companion and son of al-Zubayr, who rebelled against the Umayyads.
274. al-Hajjaj : An Umayyad governor who defeated and killed 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr.
275. 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar : A companion of the Prophet and son of Caliph 'Umar, known for his piety.
276. Jibrīl : The angel Gabriel, the messenger of revelation to the prophets.
277. al-Ḥusayn : Al-Husayn ibn 'Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, martyred at Karbala'.
278. al-Ṭā’if : A city in western Saudi Arabia; here it may refer to a location or a tradition.
279. Umm Salama : One of the wives of the Prophet Muhammad, known for her narrations.
280. Karbalā’ : A city in Iraq where al-Husayn was martyred in 680 CE.
281. al-Rāfiḍa : A term for a group that rejected the caliphates of Abu Bakr and 'Umar, often referring to extreme Shi'a.
282. al-Qadariyya : A theological group that emphasized free will, denying predestination.
283. al-Murji’a : A group that deferred judgment on sinners, believing faith alone suffices for salvation.
284. al-Khawārij : An early sect that rebelled against 'Ali, known for extreme piety and excommunication of sinners.
285. Abū Sa‘īd al-Khudrī : A companion of the Prophet, known for narrating many hadiths.
286. Ḥunayn : A battle in 630 CE between the Muslims and the Hawazin tribe.
287. Dhū al-Khuwayṣira : A man from the Tamim tribe who criticized the Prophet's distribution.
288. aṣḥāb : Companions or followers; here referring to the Khawarij.
289. Anas ibn Mālik : A companion who served the Prophet for ten years and narrated many hadiths.
290. ‘Abd al-Raḥmān ibn ‘Awf : A wealthy companion and one of the ten promised Paradise.
291. Abū Jahl : A leading opponent of Islam from the Quraysh, killed at Badr.
292. Sa‘d ibn Abī Waqqāṣ : A companion and military commander, one of the ten promised Paradise.
293. Mu‘āwiya : The first Umayyad caliph, known for his political acumen.
294. al-Nābigha : A poet contemporary with the Prophet, possibly al-Nabigha al-Dhubyani.
295. Abū Qatāda : A companion known for his bravery and narrations.
296. ‘Abdullāh ibn Ja‘far : A companion, nephew of 'Ali, known for his generosity.
297. al-Miqdād : A companion, one of the early Muslims and a close associate of the Prophet.
298. Ibn ‘Abbās : The cousin of the Prophet, renowned for his knowledge of Qur'anic interpretation.
299. Mudar : A major Arab tribe, often used to refer to the Quraysh and related tribes.
300. Kisra : Title of the Sassanid Persian emperor, here referring to Khosrow II who tore the Prophet's letter.
301. those who bind and loose : Refers to scholars and leaders who have authority to make decisions and issue rulings.
302. al-Tufayl ibn Amr : A companion of the Prophet who was a chief of the Daws tribe; he embraced Islam and asked for a sign.
303. Abu Hurayra : A prominent companion of the Prophet, known for narrating many hadiths.
304. rust and covering : Spiritual rust (sada) and covering (ran) refer to sins and heedlessness that veil the heart.
305. Fatima al-Zahra : The Prophet's daughter, wife of Ali, and mother of Hasan and Husayn.
306. Imran ibn al-Husayn : A companion of the Prophet known for his piety and narrations.
307. By the Star : Reference to Surah al-Najm (Chapter 53) of the Quran.
308. Utayba ibn Abi Lahab : Son of Abu Lahab, an uncle of the Prophet who opposed Islam.
309. highest celestial beings : Refers to the angels or the highest realms; 'salil al-sarawat' implies noble lineage.
310. Mazin al-Umani : A companion from Oman who embraced Islam and asked for the Prophet's prayer.
311. make them my heirs : A supplication that the faculties of hearing and sight remain strong until death.
312. a'inni : Help me, assist me.
313. awwāh munīb : Awwāh: one who sighs deeply in humility and fear of Allah; munīb: one who turns to Allah in repentance.
314. fāliq al-iṣbāḥ : Cleaver of the dawn; refers to Allah causing the dawn to break forth from the darkness.
315. ḥusbānan : A reckoning; referring to the sun and moon as means of calculating time.
316. taʿawwudh : Seeking refuge; the act of saying 'I seek refuge in Allah'.
317. al-ʿilm al-ladunnī : Divine knowledge; knowledge granted directly by Allah without conventional means.
318. fī nuḥūrihim : In their throats; a metaphorical expression meaning 'we place You as a barrier against them'.
319. ruqyah : Incantation; recitation of Quranic verses or supplications for healing and protection.
320. Thābit al-Bunānī : A prominent tabi'i (follower of the Companions) known for his piety.
321. ʿUthmān ibn Abī al-ʿĀṣ : A Companion of the Prophet who was a governor of Ta'if.
322. Khālid ibn al-Walīd : A famous Companion and military commander known as 'the Sword of Allah'.
323. al-mu'awwidhatayn : The two chapters of refuge, i.e., Surah al-Falaq (113) and Surah an-Nas (114) of the Quran.
324. ahl al-hill wa al-haram : Literally 'the people of the profane and the sacred,' referring to those who are permitted to enter the sacred precincts of Mecca and Medina, i.e., all Muslims.
325. ruqya : Spiritual healing through recitation of Quranic verses, supplications, and prayers.
326. Maryam : Mary, the mother of Jesus (peace be upon him), mentioned here in a supplication.
327. Umm Mildam : A name for fever, literally 'mother of illness,' used in the supplication.
328. suhur : The pre-dawn meal before the fast begins during Ramadan.
329. witr : An odd-numbered prayer performed after the night prayer, typically consisting of one, three, five, seven, nine, or eleven rak'ahs.
330. adhan : The Islamic call to prayer, recited by the mu'adhdhin.
331. janabah : A state of ritual impurity requiring a full-body wash (ghusl) before prayer, typically after sexual intercourse or seminal emission.
332. wudu : The Islamic ritual ablution performed before prayer, involving washing the hands, mouth, nose, face, arms, wiping the head, and washing the feet.
333. ahl al-sirr wa al-fath : People of the secret and opening; a Sufi term referring to those who have attained spiritual insight and divine unveiling.
334. rak'ah : A unit of Islamic prayer, consisting of a sequence of standing, bowing, prostrating, and sitting.
335. mu'adhdhin : The person who recites the adhan, the call to prayer.
336. rak'ah : A unit of Islamic prayer, consisting of a sequence of standing, bowing, prostrating, and sitting.
337. taslim : The concluding salutation of the prayer, saying 'Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah' to the right and left.
338. angels brought near : The highest-ranking angels who are closest to Allah, such as Jibril, Mika'il, and Israfil.
339. Duha : The forenoon prayer, a supererogatory prayer performed after sunrise.
340. sun's decline : The time when the sun passes its zenith, just before the Zuhr prayer.
341. Zuhr : The noon prayer, the second of the five obligatory daily prayers.
342. separating taslim : A taslim performed between sets of rak'ahs to indicate a break, as opposed to a final taslim.
343. Sha'ban : The eighth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, preceding Ramadan.
344. Ancient House : The Ka'bah in Mecca, referred to as the 'Ancient House' in the Qur'an.
345. Holy Presence : The divine presence or the highest station in Paradise.
346. gnosis : Spiritual knowledge or direct experiential knowledge of Allah, often associated with Sufism.
347. ecstasy : A state of intense spiritual emotion or rapture, often in the context of love for the Prophet.
348. surah : A chapter of the Qur'an.
349. When the help of Allah comes : Surah al-Nasr (110), which announces the conquest of Mecca and signals the Prophet's impending death.
350. When the help of Allah and the conquest : The opening verse of Surah al-Nasr.
351. al-Zahra' : A title of Fatimah, the Prophet's daughter, meaning 'the radiant' or 'the luminous'.
352. Jibril : The angel Gabriel, who conveyed revelation to the prophets.
353. i'tikaf : Spiritual retreat in a mosque, especially during the last ten days of Ramadan.
354. remembrance : Dhikr, the act of remembering and mentioning Allah.
355. seeking forgiveness : Istighfar, asking Allah for forgiveness of sins.
356. muqarrab : One brought near to Allah, a saint of high station.
357. Umm Salamah : One of the Prophet's wives, Hind bint Abi Umayyah.
358. ‘aliman : A learned person; here interpreted as a reference to a specific scholar or saint.
359. surah : A chapter of the Quran.
360. Uhud : A mountain near Medina, site of the Battle of Uhud.
361. farat : One who goes ahead to prepare a place; forerunner.
362. al-Hawd : The Basin (of the Prophet) in Paradise from which the faithful will drink.
363. Abu Sa'id al-Khudri : A companion of the Prophet, Sa'd ibn Malik.
364. khalil : An intimate friend; a special degree of friendship.
365. Hajjat al-Wada' : The Farewell Pilgrimage, the Prophet's only pilgrimage.
366. Ghadir Khumm : A location between Mecca and Medina where the Prophet delivered a famous sermon.
367. Maymunah : One of the Prophet's wives, Maymunah bint al-Harith.
368. 'A'ishah : One of the Prophet's wives, daughter of Abu Bakr.
369. al-'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib : The Prophet's uncle.
370. Ibn Mas'ud : A companion, 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud.
371. Fatimah bint al-Yaman : A female companion; possibly Fatimah bint al-Yaman al-Khuzai'iyyah.
372. Khaybar : An oasis north of Medina, site of a battle where the Prophet was poisoned.
373. abhari : Aorta; the main artery from the heart.
374. dinar : A gold coin used in early Islamic times, equivalent to approximately 4.25 grams of gold.
375. sunnas : Plural of sunna; practices and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, often referring to recommended acts of worship.
376. Ansar : The 'Helpers'; the inhabitants of Medina who supported the Prophet Muhammad and the Muhajirun after the Hijra.
377. Muhajirun : The 'Emigrants'; those who migrated from Mecca to Medina with the Prophet Muhammad.
378. By the declining day... : Reference to Surah Al-Asr (103:1-3), which is incomplete in the text.
379. Then, if you turn away... : Reference to Surah Muhammad (47:22).
380. imam : A leader; here referring to the spiritual leader and guide of the saints.
381. ar-rafīq al-a‘lā : The Highest Companion, a reference to the company of the prophets and righteous in the highest Paradise.
382. al-Khiḍr : Al-Khidr is a figure in Islamic tradition, often identified as a prophet or a saint, known for his wisdom and association with the story of Moses in the Quran.
383. Riḍwān : The keeper of Paradise, an angel responsible for guarding the gates of Paradise.
384. Mālik : The keeper of Hell, an angel responsible for guarding the gates of Hell.
385. aṣ-Ṣiddīq : The Truthful, a title of Abu Bakr, the first Caliph and close companion of the Prophet Muhammad.
386. Āyah : A verse from the Quran, specifically 3:144.
387. Wilāyah : Sainthood or spiritual authority, often associated with closeness to God.
388. Firdaws : The highest level of Paradise in Islamic tradition.
389. Isrā' : The Night Journey of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalem and his ascension to heaven.
390. Kursī : The Footstool of God, mentioned in the Quran (2:255), often interpreted as a symbol of His sovereignty.
391. al-Ḥaḍra : The Divine Presence or the holy presence of God, often used in Sufi contexts to denote the spiritual realm of divine proximity.
392. ḥūr : Houris; beautiful, pure companions in Paradise promised to the righteous in Islamic eschatology.
393. wildān : Youths; immortal young servants in Paradise who serve the inhabitants.
394. Ṭayyiba : A name for Medina, meaning 'the good/pure city'.
395. Abā Sitta : Father of six; a reference to the Prophet Muhammad, who had six children (though some died in infancy).
396. adhān : The Islamic call to prayer.
397. Qur'an 4:80 : Quranic verse: 'Whoever obeys the Messenger has obeyed Allah.'
398. Qur'an 33:7 : Quranic verse: 'And when We took from the prophets their covenant, and from you, and from Noah.'
399. Sa'd al-Dhābiḥ : A star or constellation; literally 'the lucky one of the slaughterer,' possibly a reference to a specific star in Arabic astronomy.
400. iḥrām : The sacred state of ritual purity for pilgrimage, marked by specific garments and prohibitions.
401. Yathrib : The pre-Islamic name of Medina.
402. Ḥasan : Hasan ibn Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad.
403. Jibrīl : The angel Gabriel, who brought revelation to the prophets.
404. al-Ṣiddīq : The truthful one; a title of Abu Bakr, the first caliph and close companion of the Prophet.
405. ʿAtīq : A name of Abu Bakr, meaning 'the freed one' or 'the noble.'
406. al-qarāṭīs al-kirām : The noble leaves or pages, referring to the sheets of the Quran or sacred texts.
407. Ṭaybah : A name for Medina, meaning 'the good' or 'the fragrant'.
408. al-Hādī : The Guide, a title of the Prophet Muhammad.
409. Aḥmad : Another name of the Prophet Muhammad, meaning 'most praiseworthy'.
410. as-sawād : Literally 'blackness', here meaning the pupil of the eye, i.e., the apple of one's eye.
411. sidr : Lotus tree leaves, traditionally used in washing the dead.
412. ṣallū ʿalayhi wa sallimū taslīman : Quranic verse (33:56) commanding believers to invoke blessings and peace upon the Prophet.
413. laḥada : A niche grave, a type of grave with a side cavity for the body.
414. طَابَتْ نُفُوسُكُمْ : May your souls be purified: a phrase of praise or approval, literally 'may your souls be good'.
415. أَحْمَد : Ahmad: one of the names of the Prophet Muhammad, meaning 'most praiseworthy'.
416. كُوِّرَتْ : Folded up: a reference to the darkening or rolling up of the sun, as in the Quran (81:1).
417. الْعَصْرَانِ : The two epochs: likely meaning day and night, or the two periods of morning and evening.
418. مُضَر : Mudar: a major Arab tribe, the ancestor of the Prophet Muhammad.
419. أَهْلَ الْخُصُوصِيَّةِ : People of special distinction: those with particular spiritual rank or closeness to God.
420. هَاشِمِيّ : Hashimite: belonging to the clan of Hashim, the Prophet's great-grandfather.
421. لِلتَّقْلِيلِ : To reduce: possibly meaning to reduce the burden of sins or to bring a message of ease.
422. إِمَام : Imam: leader, here meaning the foremost or leader of all prophets and angels.
423. غَدًا : Tomorrow: referring to the Day of Judgment.
424. جِبْرِيل : Jibril: the angel Gabriel.
425. الزَّهْرَاء : az-Zahra': 'the Radiant', a title of Fatima, the Prophet's daughter.
426. طُوبَى : Tuba: blessedness, a tree in Paradise, or a state of bliss.
427. عَرُوسِ الْأَفْرَاحِ : Bridegroom of joys: a metaphorical title indicating the Prophet as the center of spiritual joy.
428. شِبْر : Handspan: a unit of measurement, the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the little finger when spread.
429. بِلَالُ بْنُ رَبَاحٍ : Bilal ibn Rabah: the Prophet's companion and first muezzin (caller to prayer).
430. الْمَعْرِفَة : Divine gnosis: spiritual knowledge of God.
431. الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ : al-Qasim ibn Muhammad: a grandson of Abu Bakr and a prominent scholar among the Tabi'un (successors).
432. عَائِشَة : 'A'isha: the Prophet's wife, daughter of Abu Bakr.
433. بَطْحَاءِ الْعَرْصَةِ : Level ground of the courtyard: the flat area of the burial enclosure.
434. أَبُو بَكْر : Abu Bakr: the first Caliph, father of 'A'isha.
435. عُمَر : 'Umar: the second Caliph.
436. طَيِّبَة : Tayyiba: 'the Good', a name for Medina.
437. هَاشِم : Hashim: the Prophet's great-grandfather, ancestor of the Hashimite clan.
438. الصِّدِّيق : as-Siddiq: 'the Truthful', a title of Abu Bakr.
439. الْفَارُوق : al-Faruq: 'the Distinguisher', a title of 'Umar.
440. الْعَرْش : The Throne: the Throne of God, the greatest created entity.
441. الْكُرْسِيّ : The Footstool: the Footstool of God, mentioned in the Quran (2:255).
442. يَثْرِب : Yathrib: the pre-Islamic name of Medina.
443. رَوْضَتُهُ : His garden: the Rawdah, the area between the Prophet's pulpit and his grave in Medina, considered a garden of Paradise.
444. جَنَّةٌ عَدَنِيَّةٌ : Garden of Eden: a reference to Paradise.
445. مِثَالُهَا : Its image: a mental or spiritual representation of the Rawdah.
446. النُّورِ السَّاطِعِ : Radiant light: referring to the Prophet's spiritual light.
447. سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ : Sa'id ibn al-Musayyab: a prominent scholar among the Tabi'un.
448. السَّهْوَةِ الشَّرْقِيَّةِ : Eastern chamber: a room or niche in the Prophet's mosque.
449. عِيسَى بْنُ مَرْيَم : 'Isa ibn Maryam: Jesus, son of Mary, a prophet in Islam.
450. Hanifiyya : The primordial monotheistic religion of Abraham, often associated with Islam as the pure, unadulterated faith.
451. Yathrib : The ancient name of Medina before the Prophet Muhammad's migration (hijra).
452. rak'a : A unit of Islamic prayer consisting of a sequence of standing, bowing, prostrating, and sitting.
453. qibla : The direction of the Kaaba in Mecca, towards which Muslims pray.
454. dhirāʿ : A cubit, a unit of length approximately 45-60 cm, used here to indicate a short distance.
455. Muḥammad ibn Ḥarb al-Hilālī : A narrator of hadith, known for this story about visiting the Prophet's grave.
456. Qur'an 4:64 : The verse cited by the Bedouin, emphasizing seeking forgiveness through the Prophet.
457. al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī : A renowned early Islamic scholar and ascetic (642-728 CE).
458. Ḥātim al-Aṣamm : A famous early Sufi saint (d. 852 CE), known for his piety and asceticism.
459. al-ghurr al-muḥajjalūn : A term referring to the believers who will have bright faces and limbs on the Day of Judgment due to the effects of ablution.
460. yawm al-tanād : The Day of Summoning, a name for the Day of Judgment when people call out to each other.
461. madad : Spiritual support or assistance, often used in Sufi contexts to refer to the flow of divine grace through the Prophet or saints.
462. mujtahidīn : Those who exert themselves in religious devotion and legal reasoning; here it refers to the Prophet's supreme effort in worship.
463. khalīl : Intimate friend; a title given to Prophet Abraham, but here applied to the Prophet Muhammad to denote his closeness to God.
464. ʿayn al-aʿyān : The essence of essences; a Sufi term indicating the Prophet as the primordial reality from which all beings derive.
465. ahl al-sirr : People of the secret; Sufi term for those who possess esoteric knowledge of divine mysteries.
466. milāḥ : Beautiful ones; a term of endearment for the Prophet, emphasizing his beauty and perfection.
467. karāmāt : Miracles or wonders performed by saints, but here applied to the Prophet's extraordinary acts.
468. al-raḥma al-muhdāt : The bestowed mercy; a reference to the Quranic verse describing the Prophet as a mercy to the worlds.
469. al-lawḥ wa al-qalam : The Tablet and the Pen; in Islamic cosmology, the Preserved Tablet and the Pen are the first creations through which God decrees all things.
470. jawāmiʿ al-kalim : Comprehensive speech; a prophetic trait meaning the ability to express profound meanings in few words.
471. al-qadam al-rāsikh : The firmly planted foot; a metaphor for the Prophet's unshakable station and steadfastness in faith.
472. al-shafāʿah al-ʿuẓmā : The Great Intercession: the Prophet Muhammad's intercession on the Day of Judgment for the entire community.
473. al-maqām al-maḥmūd : The Praiseworthy Station: a rank of high honor granted to the Prophet Muhammad on the Day of Judgment, mentioned in Quran 17:79.
474. dār al-salām : Abode of Peace: a name for Paradise.
475. labinah al-khitām : Final brick: a reference to a hadith where the Prophet is likened to the final brick completing a beautiful building.
476. al-kawnayn : The two worlds: this world and the Hereafter.
477. al-thaqalayn : The two weighty ones: humans and jinn.
478. qāba qawsayn : Two bow-lengths: a reference to the Prophet's proximity to Allah during the Night Journey (Quran 53:9).
479. al-awwāh : Oft-returning: one who frequently turns to Allah in repentance and supplication.
480. khuluq ʿaẓīm : Great moral character: Quran 68:4, describing the Prophet's character.
481. ṣalātuka : Your blessings: here referring to the Prophet's blessings or prayers.
482. al-malaʾ al-aʿlā : The highest assembly: the angels in the highest heavens.
483. ḥaḍrat al-mushāhadāt : Presence of witnessing: a state of spiritual vision or direct contemplation of divine realities.
484. karāmāt : Wonders: miraculous gifts granted to saints (awliyāʾ).
485. tawwāban raḥīman : Accepting of repentance, Merciful: Quran 4:64.